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Vascular Dementia

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PET and SPECT in Neurology

Abstract

Vascular dementia (VaD) is a cognitive syndrome associated with cerebrovascular disease and clinically relevant ischemic or hemorrhagic lesions. It represents a group of disorders of heterogeneity, encompassing strategic infarct dementia, multi-infarct dementia, and subcortical vascular dementia. Brain lesions arising from vascular insult and subsequent clinical symptoms of patients with VaD are related to regional hypometabolism or ischemia/hypoperfusion. These can be diagnosed and measured using positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) techniques. In this chapter, we describe characteristics of PET and SPECT that are associated with clinical phenotypes in strategic infarct dementia, multi-infarct dementia, and subcortical vascular dementia.

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Abbreviations

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

ADRVCL:

Autosomal dominant retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukodystrophy

CADASIL:

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy

CARASIL:

Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy

CBF:

Cerebral blood flow

FDG:

Fluorodeoxyglucose

HMPAO:

Hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime

IMP:

123I-isopropylamphetamine

MID:

Multi-infarct dementia

MMSE:

Mini-mental state examination

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

NINDS-AIREN:

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and The Association Internationale pour la Recherche at L’Enseignement en Neurosciences

OEF:

Oxygen extraction fraction

PET:

Positron emission tomography

PIB:

Pittsburgh compound B

rCMRO2 :

Regional cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen

SID:

Strategic infarct dementia

SPECT:

Single-photon emission computed tomography

SVaD:

Subcortical vascular dementia

SVCI:

Subcortical vascular cognitive impairment

svMCI:

Subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment

VaD:

Vascular dementia

WMH:

White matter hyperintensities

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Funding/Support

This study was supported by grants from Samsung Medical Center Clinical Research Development Program (CRL-108011 and CRS 110-14-1) and by the Converging Research Center Program through the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2010K001054).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan, University School of Medicine, 50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea

    Hee Jin Kim, Sang Won Seo & Duk L. Na MD, PhD

  2. Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 250 Seongsan-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea

    Byoung Seok Ye

  3. Department of Neurology, Inha University School of Medicine, 7-206, 3-ga, Choong-gu, Shinheungdong, Incheon, 400-103, Korea

    Cindy W. Yoon

  4. Department of Neurology, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 1-10 Ami-dong, Seo-gu, Busan, 602-739, Republic of Korea

    Eun-Joo Kim

  5. Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Mok 1-dong, Yangcheongku, Seoul, 911-1, Republic of Korea

    Jee H. Jeong

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  1. Hee Jin Kim
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  2. Cindy W. Yoon
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  4. Eun-Joo Kim
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  7. Duk L. Na MD, PhD
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Correspondence to Duk L. Na MD, PhD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Rudi A.J.O. Dierckx

  2. Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Applied Sciences Offenburg, Offenburg, Germany

    Andreas Otte

  3. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Erik F.J. de Vries

  4. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Aren van Waarde

  5. Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Klaus L. Leenders

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Kim, H.J. et al. (2014). Vascular Dementia. In: Dierckx, R., Otte, A., de Vries, E., van Waarde, A., Leenders, K. (eds) PET and SPECT in Neurology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54307-4_18

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