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The Development of the Maize Root System: Role of Auxin and Ethylene

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Root Engineering

Part of the book series: Soil Biology ((SOILBIOL,volume 40))

Abstract

The maize primary root is a cylindrical structure formed by consecutive zones: (a) the root apex contains the apical meristem, where cell divisions occur; (b) the elongation zone in which cells stop dividing and start to elongate; and (c) the maturation zone, where cells reach their definitive lengths, cell differentiation begins, and lateral roots initiate. In the root, three main tissue systems can be distinguished: the epidermis, the cortex, and the vascular cylinder. The first layer of the vascular cylinder is the pericycle. Cell cycle activation in pericycle cells is clearly connected with lateral root initiation.

Root grows basically by the elongation of its cells and branches through proliferation of pericycle founder cells. Auxin is the main hormone in regulating these both processes. Exogenous auxin inhibits root growth, increases transversal expansion, and enhances lateral root formation. As auxin also enhances ethylene production, it is difficult to know whether certain auxin effects are mediated by ethylene or not. Based on own results and on the specialized literature, we discussed on regulation by auxin and ethylene of the development of the maize root system. The emerging model is that auxin and ethylene regulate root elongation depending on concentration and that both regulators interact to regulate root growth. The role of auxin in regulating lateral root formation is clearly established. However, ethylene does not seem to have such a direct role in this process.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto de Investigaciones Agrarias La Orden-Valdesequera. CICYTEX. Gobierno de Extremadura, 06187, Badajoz, Spain

    María Victoria Alarcón

  2. Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071, Badajoz, Spain

    Pedro G. Lloret

  3. Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Ecología y Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071, Badajoz, Spain

    Julio Salguero

Authors
  1. María Victoria Alarcón
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  2. Pedro G. Lloret
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  3. Julio Salguero
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Correspondence to María Victoria Alarcón .

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  1. Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain

    Asunción Morte

  2. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ajit Varma

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Alarcón, M.V., Lloret, P.G., Salguero, J. (2014). The Development of the Maize Root System: Role of Auxin and Ethylene. In: Morte, A., Varma, A. (eds) Root Engineering. Soil Biology, vol 40. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54276-3_5

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