Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Pathology of Pediatric Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease pp 317–370Cite as

Polyps and Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Childhood

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

Although a wide variety of polyps and tumors occur in the pediatric gastrointestinal tract, the incidence and pathologic types encountered differ from those seen in adults. Some of them may have unique associations with developmental and syndromic disorders, the recognition of which may be critical in clinical management. This chapter begins with a summary of the epidemiology of pediatric gastrointestinal polyps and masses and continues with more detailed sections focusing on the etiology, clinical features, pathologic findings, and genetics of specific gastrointestinal polyposis syndromes and gastrointestinal tumors. Major entities covered in the section on polyps include juvenile polyposis, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, PTN hamartoma tumor syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis, and inflammatory polyps. The section on tumors summarizes the literature on the various tumors that have presented in the pediatric gastrointestinal tract, with emphasis on colorectal carcinoma, carcinoid tumors, lymphoproliferative disorders, stromal tumors, and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aaltonen LA (2000) Hereditary intestinal cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 10(4):289–298

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aarnio M, Mecklin JP, Aaltonen LA, Nystrom-Lahti M, Jarvinen HJ (1995) Life-time risk of different cancers in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) syndrome. Int J Cancer 64(6):430–433

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Abraham SC, Singh VK, Yardley JH, Wu TT (2001) Hyperplastic polyps of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction: histologic and clinicopathologic findings. Am J Surg Pathol 25(9):1180–1187

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Adelson JW, deChadarevian JP, Azouz EM, Guttman FM (1988) Giant inflammatory polyposis causing partial obstruction and pain in “healed” ulcerative colitis in an adolescent. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 7(1):135–140

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Agaram NP, Laquaglia MP, Ustun B, Guo T, Wong GC, Socci ND, Maki RG, DeMatteo RP, Besmer P, Antonescu CR (2008) Molecular characterization of pediatric gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Clin Cancer Res 14(10):3204–3215. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-1984, 14/10/3204 [pii]

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Al Hilou R, Atkins J, Matthews HR (1984) Oesophageal adenocarcinoma in a boy of fifteen years. J Laryngol Otol 98(6):643–646

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alberti D, Grazioli L, Orizio P, Matricardi L, Dughi S, Gheza L, Falchetti D, Caccia G (1999) Asymptomatic giant gastric lipoma: what to do? Am J Gastroenterol 94(12):3634–3637

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alkhouri N, Franciosi JP, Mamula P (2010) Familial adenomatous polyposis in children and adolescents. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 51(6):727–732. doi:10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181e1a224

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Saleem T, Al-Mondhiry H (2005) Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease (IPSID): a model for mature B-cell neoplasms. Blood 105(6):2274–2280. doi:10.1182/blood-2004-07-2755, 2004-07-2755 [pii]

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Andersson A, Bergdahl L (1976) Carcinoma of the colon in children: a report of six new cases and a review of the literature. J Pediatr Surg 11(6):967–971

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Andersson A, Bergdahl L (1977) Carcinoid tumors of the appendix in children. A report of 25 cases. Acta Chir Scand 143(3):173–175

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Andiran F, Tanyel FC (2000) Hemangioma of the cecum: an overlooked cause of rectal bleeding. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 30(3):330–331

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Angel CA, Pratt CB, Rao BN, Schell MJ, Parham DM, Lobe TE, Fleming ID (1992) Carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate 19–9 antigen as markers for colorectal carcinoma in children and adolescents. Cancer 69(6):1487–1491

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anton-Pacheco J, Cano I, Cuadros J, Vilarino A, Berchi F (1996) Synovial sarcoma of the esophagus. J Pediatr Surg 31(12):1703–1705

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arets HG, Blanco C, Thunnissen FB, Heineman E (2000) Solitary intestinal fibromatosis as a cause of bile vomiting in a neonate. J Pediatr Surg 35(4):643–645

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aretz S, Stienen D, Uhlhaas S, Loff S, Back W, Pagenstecher C, McLeod DR, Graham GE, Mangold E, Santer R, Propping P, Friedl W (2005) High proportion of large genomic STK11 deletions in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Hum Mutat 26(6):513–519. doi:10.1002/humu.20253

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Arnaud-Battandier F, Schmitz J, Ricour C, Rey J (1983) Intestinal malignant lymphoma in a child with familial celiac disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2(2):320–323

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Atsumi M, Kawamoto K, Ebisui S, Takamasu M, Nishida H, Satoh T, Fukuda S, Kodama T, Kashima K, Tsuchihashi Y et al (1991) A case report of juvenile polyposis with adenomatous change and a review of 34 cases reported in Japan. Gastroenterol Jpn 26(4):523–529

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Attard TM, Giardiello FM, Argani P, Cuffari C (2001) Fundic gland polyposis with high-grade dysplasia in a child with attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis and familial gastric cancer. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 32(2):215–218

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Attard TM, Yardley JH, Cuffari C (2002) Gastric polyps in pediatrics: an 18-year hospital-based analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 97(2):298–301

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Atwell JD, Burge D, Wright D (1985) Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the intestinal tract in infancy and childhood. J Pediatr Surg 20(1):25–29

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Avendano-Garcia M, Mercado U, Marin ME (2002) A case of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome associated with duodenal carcinoma and sickle cell anemia. Am J Gastroenterol 97(3):762–763

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bachmeyer C, Monge M, Cazier A, Le Deist F, de Saint Basile G, Durandy A, Fischer A, Mougeot-Martin M (2000) Gastric adenocarcinoma in a patient with X-linked agammaglobulinaemia. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 12(9):1033–1035

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baptist SJ, Sabatini MT (1985) Coexisting juvenile polyps and tubulovillous adenoma of colon with carcinoma in situ: report of a case. Hum Pathol 16(10):1061–1063

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Basaklar AC (1990) Haemangiomas of the gastrointestinal tract in children. Z Kinderchir 45(2):114–116

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Basque GJ, Boline JE, Holyoke JB (1970) Malignant melanoma of the esophagus: first reported case in a child. Am J Clin Pathol 53(5):609–611

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bass J, Soucy P, Walton M, Nizalik E (1995) Inflammatory cloacogenic polyps in children. J Pediatr Surg 30(4):585–588

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bates AW, Feakins RM, Scheimberg I (2000) Congenital gastrointestinal stromal tumour is morphologically indistinguishable from the adult form, but does not express CD117 and carries a favourable prognosis. Histopathology 37(4):316–322

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Batra PS, Hebert RL 2nd, Haines GK 3rd, Holinger LD (2001) Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis with esophageal involvement. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 58(3):233–238

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beck DE, Wheeler RA, Smith MD (1986) Gastric neurofibroma in an adolescent. South Med J 79(3):359–361

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beckerman RC, Taussig LM, Froede RC, Coulthard SW, Firor H, Tonkin I (1980) Fibromuscular hamartoma of the esophagus in an infant. Am J Dis Child 134(2):153–155

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bees NR, Ng CS, Dicks-Mireaux C, Kiely EM (1997) Gastric malignant schwannoma in a child. Br J Radiol 70(837):952–955

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bentley E, Chandrasoma P, Radin R, Cohen H (1989) Generalized juvenile polyposis with carcinoma. Am J Gastroenterol 84(11):1456–1459

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bethel CA, Bhattacharyya N, Hutchinson C, Ruymann F, Cooney DR (1997) Alimentary tract malignancies in children. J Pediatr Surg 32(7):1004–1008; discussion 1008–1009

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bishop PR, Nowicki MJ, Subramony C, Parker PH (2002) The inflammatory polyp-fold complex in children. J Clin Gastroenterol 34(3):229–232

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blecker U, McKeithan TW, Hart J, Kirschner BS (1995) Resolution of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric lymphoproliferative disease in a child. Gastroenterology 109(3):973–977

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bliss DP Jr, Coffin CM, Bower RJ, Stockmann PT, Ternberg JL (1994) Mesenteric cysts in children. Surgery 115(5):571–577

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blumer SL, Anupindi SA, Adamson PC, Lin H, Price AP, Markowitz RI, Kramer SS (2012) Sporadic adenocarcinoma of the colon in children: case series and review of the literature. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 34(4):e137–e141. doi:10.1097/MPH.0b013e3182467f3e

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bollen P, Bourgain C, Van Berlaer G, Duville L, Vandenplas Y (2000) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma presenting as a solitary rectal polyp. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 31(2):193–194

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bonnet JP, Basset T, Dijoux D (1996) Abdominal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors in children: report of an appendiceal case and review of the literature. J Pediatr Surg 31(9):1311–1314

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bourke CJ, Mackay AJ, Payton D (1997) Malignant gastric teratoma: case report. Pediatr Surg Int 12(2–3):192–193

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bourque MD, Spigland N, Bensoussan AL, Collin PP, Saguem MH, Brochu P, Blanchard H, Reinberg O (1989) Esophageal leiomyoma in children: two case reports and review of the literature. J Pediatr Surg 24(10):1103–1107

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boyle L, Lack EE (1993) Solitary cavernous hemangioma of small intestine. Case report and literature review. Arch Pathol Lab Med 117(9):939–941

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bronner MP (2003) Gastrointestinal inherited polyposis syndromes. Mod Pathol 16(4):359–365. doi:10.1097/01.MP.0000062992.54036.E4

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks GS, Frost ES, Wesselhoeft C (1992) Prolapsed hyperplastic gastric polyp causing gastric outlet obstruction, hypergastrinemia, and hematemesis in an infant. J Pediatr Surg 27(12):1537–1538

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Browne AF, Katz S, Miser J, Boles ET Jr (1983) Blue Rubber Bleb Nevi as a cause of intussusception. J Pediatr Surg 18(1):7–9

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buck JL, Harned RK, Lichtenstein JE, Sobin LH (1992) Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Radiographics 12(2):365–378

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burke AP, Sobin LH (1989) The pathology of Cronkhite-Canada polyps. A comparison to juvenile polyposis. Am J Surg Pathol 13(11):940–946

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Busing CM, Haag D, Geiger H, Tschahargane C (1977) Microscopic and pulse cytophotometric investigation of a carcinoma of the jejumum in a seven year old child. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histol 375(2):115–122

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buyukpamukcu M, Berberoglu S, Buyukpamukcu N, Sarialioglu F, Kale G, Akyuz C, Kutluk T (1996a) Carcinoma of the colon in children. Turk J Pediatr 38(1):51–58

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buyukpamukcu M, Berberoglu S, Buyukpamukcu N, Sarialioglu F, Kale G, Akyuz C, Kutluk T (1996b) Nonlymphoid gastrointestinal malignancies in Turkish children. Med Pediatr Oncol 26(1):28–35

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Byard RW, Burrows PE, Izakawa T, Silver MM (1991) Diffuse infantile haemangiomatosis: clinicopathological features and management problems in five fatal cases. Eur J Pediatr 150(4):224–227

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Byrne WJ, Jimenez JF, Euler AR, Golladay ES (1982) Lymphoid polyps (focal lymphoid hyperplasia) of the colon in children. Pediatrics 69(5):598–600

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Caine YG, Peylan-Ramu N, Livoff AF, Schiller M (1990) Primary Burkitt’s lymphoma of the appendix. Z Kinderchir 45(4):251–252

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cairo MS, Grosfeld JL, Weetman RM (1981) Gastric teratoma: unusual cause for bleeding of the upper gastrointestinal tract in the newborn. Pediatrics 67(5):721–724

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Canioni D, Fekete C, Nezelof C (1989) Solitary intestinal fibromatosis: a rare cause of neonatal obstruction. Pediatr Pathol 9(6):719–724

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cantley LC, Neel BG (1999) New insights into tumor suppression: PTEN suppresses tumor formation by restraining the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96(8):4240–4245

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Caspari R, Friedl W, Mandl M, Moslein G, Kadmon M, Knapp M, Jacobasch KH, Ecker KW, Kreissler-Haag D, Timmermanns G et al (1994) Familial adenomatous polyposis: mutation at codon 1309 and early onset of colon cancer. Lancet 343(8898):629–632

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cernaianu G, Tannapfel A, Nounla J, Gonzalez-Vasquez R, Wiesel T, Trobs RB (2010) Appendiceal carcinoid tumor with lymph node metastasis in a child: case report and review of the literature. J Pediatr Surg 45(11):e1–e5. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2010.07.025, S0022-3468(10)00586-5 [pii]

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chabalko JJ, Fraumeni JF Jr (1975) Colorectal cancer in children: epidemiologic aspects. Dis Colon Rectum 18(1):1–3

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chan YF, Roche D (1994) Adenomyoma of the small intestine in children. J Pediatr Surg 29(12):1611–1612

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chang TS, Ricketts R, Abramowsky CR, Cotter BD, Steelman CK, Husain A, Shehata BM (2011) Mesenteric cystic masses: a series of 21 pediatric cases and review of the literature. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 30(1):40–44. doi:10.3109/15513815.2010.505623

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chatura KR, Nadar S, Pulimood S, Mathai D, Mathan MM (1996) Case report: gastric carcinoma as a complication of dyskeratosis congenita in an adolescent boy. Dig Dis Sci 41(12):2340–2342

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chiba T, Iwami D, Kikuchi Y (1995) Mesenteric teratoma in an 8-month-old girl. J Pediatr Surg 30(1):120

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chow CW, Sane S, Campbell PE, Carter RF (1982) Malignant carcinoid tumors in children. Cancer 49(4):802–811

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chu MH, Lee HC, Shen EY, Wang NL, Yeung CY, Chen BF, Shih SL (1999) Gastro-intestinal bleeding caused by leiomyoma of the small intestine in a child with neurofibromatosis. Eur J Pediatr 158(6):460–462

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ciftci AO, Karnak I, Senocak ME, Kale G, Buyukpamukcu N (1999) Spectrum of complicated intestinal amebiasis through resected specimens: incidence and outcome. J Pediatr Surg 34(9):1369–1373

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clark SK, Pack K, Pritchard J, Hodgson SV (1997) Familial adenomatous polyposis presenting with childhood desmoids. Lancet 349(9050):471–472

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Claviez A, Meyer U, Dominick C, Beck JF, Rister M, Tiemann M (2006) MALT lymphoma in children: a report from the NHL-BFM Study Group. Pediatr Blood Cancer 47(2):210–214. doi:10.1002/pbc.20575

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coburn MC, Pricolo VE, DeLuca FG, Bland KI (1995) Malignant potential in intestinal juvenile polyposis syndromes. Ann Surg Oncol 2(5):386–391

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coffin CM, Dehner LP (1993) Vascular tumors in children and adolescents: a clinicopathologic study of 228 tumors in 222 patients. Pathol Annu 28(Pt 1):97–120

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coffin CM, Dehner LP (1996) What is a juvenile polyp? An analysis based on 21 patients with solitary and multiple polyps. Arch Pathol Lab Med 120(11):1032–1038

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coffin CM, Pappin AL (1997) Polyps and neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract in childhood and adolescence. In: Dahms BB, Qualman SJ (eds) Gastrointestinal diseases, vol 20, Perspectives in pediatric pathology, Karger, Basel, pp 127–171

    Google Scholar 

  • Coffin CM, Neilson KA, Ingels S, Frank-Gerszberg R, Dehner LP (1995a) Congenital generalized myofibromatosis: a disseminated angiocentric myofibromatosis. Pediatr Pathol Lab Med 15(4):571–587

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coffin CM, Watterson J, Priest JR, Dehner LP (1995b) Extrapulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (inflammatory pseudotumor). A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 84 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 19(8):859–872

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coffin CM, Humphrey PA, Dehner LP (1998) Extrapulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor: a clinical and pathological survey. Semin Diagn Pathol 15(2):85–101

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Conley ME, Ziegler MM, Borden S 4th, Huff DS, Boyle JT (1988) Multifocal adenocarcinoma of the stomach in a child with common variable immunodeficiency. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 7(3):456–460

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cordts AE, Chabot JR (1983) Jejunal carcinoma in a child. J Pediatr Surg 18(2):180–181

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Corpron CA, Black CT, Herzog CE, Sellin RV, Lally KP, Andrassy RJ (1995) A half century of experience with carcinoid tumors in children. Am J Surg 170(6):606–608

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Corredor J, Wambach J, Barnard J (2001) Gastrointestinal polyps in children: advances in molecular genetics, diagnosis, and management. J Pediatr 138(5):621–628

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cotterill SJ, Parker L, Malcolm AJ, Reid M, More L, Craft AW (2000) Incidence and survival for cancer in children and young adults in the North of England, 1968–1995: a report from the Northern Region Young Persons’ Malignant Disease Registry. Br J Cancer 83(3):397–403

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cummings SP, Lally KP, Pineiro-Carrero V, Beck DE (1990) Colonic leiomyoma–an unusual cause of gastrointestinal hemorrhage in childhood. Report of a case. Dis Colon Rectum 33(6):511–514

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dall’Igna P, Ferrari A, Luzzatto C, Bisogno G, Casanova M, Alaggio R, Terenziani M, Cecchetto G (2005) Carcinoid tumor of the appendix in childhood: the experience of two Italian institutions. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 40(2):216–219, 00005176-200502000-00025 [pii]

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Day DL, Sane S, Dehner LP (1986) Inflammatory pseudotumor of the mesentery and small intestine. Pediatr Radiol 16(3):210–215

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Chadarevian JP, Dunn S, Malatack JJ, Ganguly A, Blecker U, Punnett HH (2002) Chromosome rearrangement with no apparent gene mutation in familial adenomatous polyposis and hepatocellular neoplasia. Pediatr Dev Pathol 5(1):69–75

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Giacomo C, Gullotta R, Perotti P, Bawa P, Cornaggia M, Fiocca R (1994) Hyperplastic esophagogastric polyps in two children with neurofibromatosis type 1. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 18(1):107–110

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Perrot M, Rostan O, Morel P, Le Coultre C (1998) Abdominal lymphangioma in adults and children. Br J Surg 85(3):395–397

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dehner LP (1983) Gonadal and extragonadal germ cell neoplasia of childhood. Hum Pathol 14(6):493–511

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Delnatte C, Sanlaville D, Mougenot JF, Vermeesch JR, Houdayer C, Blois MC, Genevieve D, Goulet O, Fryns JP, Jaubert F, Vekemans M, Lyonnet S, Romana S, Eng C, Stoppa-Lyonnet D (2006) Contiguous gene deletion within chromosome arm 10q is associated with juvenile polyposis of infancy, reflecting cooperation between the BMPR1A and PTEN tumor-suppressor genes. Am J Hum Genet 78(6):1066–1074. doi:10.1086/504301, S0002-9297(07)63928-7 [pii]

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Demirkan NC, Akalin T, Yilmaz F, Ozgenc F, Ozcan C, Alkanat MB, Aydogdu S (2001) Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of small bowel wall in childhood: report of a case and a review of the literature. Pathol Int 51(1):47–49

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Desai DC, Murday V, Phillips RK, Neale KF, Milla P, Hodgson SV (1998) A survey of phenotypic features in juvenile polyposis. J Med Genet 35(6):476–481

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dessanti A, Massarelli G, Bosincu L, Canu L, Noya G, Dettori G (1999) Aggressive congenital fibromatosis of the small intestine in the newborn. Report of a case and review of the literature. Eur J Pediatr Surg 9(6):422–425

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Devroede G, Lemieux B, Masse S, Lamarche J, Herman PS (1988) Colonic hamartomas in tuberous sclerosis. Gastroenterology 94(1):182–188

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Digoy GP, Tibayan F, Young H, Edelstein P (2000) Adenocarcinoma of the rectum with associated colorectal adenomatous polyps in tuberous sclerosis: a case report. J Pediatr Surg 35(3):526–527

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doede T, Foss HD, Waldschmidt J (2000) Carcinoid tumors of the appendix in children–epidemiology, clinical aspects and procedure. Eur J Pediatr Surg 10(6):372–377

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Domizio P, Talbot IC, Spigelman AD, Williams CB, Phillips RK (1990) Upper gastrointestinal pathology in familial adenomatous polyposis: results from a prospective study of 102 patients. J Clin Pathol 43(9):738–743

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Drut R, Drut RM (1994) EBV-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma in a pediatric renal transplant recipient. Pediatr Pathol 14(5):863–872

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eichenberger P, Hammer B, Gloor F, Pelloni S, Bossart R (1980) Gardner’s syndrome with glandular cysts of the fundic mucosa. Endoscopy 12(2):63–67

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ellis ZM, Jassim AD, Wick MR (2010) Anorectal melanoma in childhood and adolescence. Ann Diagn Pathol 14(2):69–73. doi:10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2009.07.003, S1092-9134(09)00087-2 [pii]

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eraklis AJ, Folkman MJ (1978) Adenocarcinoma at the site of ureterosigmoidostomies for exstrophy of the bladder. J Pediatr Surg 13(6D):730–734

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Estevao-Costa J, Correia-Pinto J, Rodrigues FC, Carvalho JL, Campos M, Dias JA, Carneiro F, Santos NT (1998) Gastric inflammatory myofibroblastic proliferation in children. Pediatr Surg Int 13(2–3):95–99

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Estrada R, Spjut HJ (1983) Hamartomatous polyps in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. A light-, histochemical, and electron-microscopic study. Am J Surg Pathol 7(8):747–754

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Farley TJ, Klionsky N (1992) Mixed hemangioma and cystic lymphangioma of the esophagus in a child. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 15(2):178–180

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fearnhead NS, Britton MP, Bodmer WF (2001) The ABC of APC. Hum Mol Genet 10(7):721–733

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fearon ER (2011) Molecular genetics of colorectal cancer. Annu Rev Pathol 6:479–507. doi:10.1146/annurev-pathol-011110-130235

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Flageole H, Raptis S, Trudel JL, Lough JO (1994) Progression toward malignancy of hamartomas in a patient with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: case report and literature review. Can J Surg 37(3):231–236

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fletcher CD, Berman JJ, Corless C, Gorstein F, Lasota J, Longley BJ, Miettinen M, O’Leary TJ, Remotti H, Rubin BP, Shmookler B, Sobin LH, Weiss SW (2002) Diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a consensus approach. Hum Pathol 33(5):459–465

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Foulkes WD (1995) A tale of four syndromes: familial adenomatous polyposis, Gardner syndrome, attenuated APC and Turcot syndrome. QJM 88(12):853–863

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frawley KJ, Cohen R, O’Loughlin EV, North K, Arbuckle S (1997) Neurofibromatosis of the small intestine mesentery in a child with neurofibromatosis type 1. J Pediatr Surg 32(12):1783–1785

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Friedl W, Uhlhaas S, Schulmann K, Stolte M, Loff S, Back W, Mangold E, Stern M, Knaebel HP, Sutter C, Weber RG, Pistorius S, Burger B, Propping P (2002) Juvenile polyposis: massive gastric polyposis is more common in MADH4 mutation carriers than in BMPR1A mutation carriers. Hum Genet 111(1):108–111. doi:10.1007/s00439-002-0748-9

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fulcheri E, Baracchini P, Pagani A, Lapertosa G, Bussolati G (1991) Significance of the smooth muscle cell component in Peutz-Jeghers and juvenile polyps. Hum Pathol 22(11):1136–1140

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gallione CJ, Repetto GM, Legius E, Rustgi AK, Schelley SL, Tejpar S, Mitchell G, Drouin E, Westermann CJ, Marchuk DA (2004) A combined syndrome of juvenile polyposis and hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia associated with mutations in MADH4 (SMAD4). Lancet 363(9412):852–859. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15732-2, S0140-6736(04)15732-2 [pii]

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gallione CJ, Richards JA, Letteboer TG, Rushlow D, Prigoda NL, Leedom TP, Ganguly A, Castells A, Ploos van Amstel JK, Westermann CJ, Pyeritz RE, Marchuk DA (2006) SMAD4 mutations found in unselected HHT patients. J Med Genet 43(10):793–797. doi:10.1136/jmg.2006.041517, jmg.2006.041517 [pii]

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gammon A, Jasperson K, Kohlmann W, Burt RW (2009) Hamartomatous polyposis syndromes. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 23(2):219–231. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2009.02.007, S1521-6918(09)00030-4 [pii]

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gangopadhyay AN, Mohanty PK, Gopal SC, Gupta DK, Sahi UP, Aryya NC, Khanna S (1997) Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus in an 8-year-old boy. J Pediatr Surg 32(8):1259–1260

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garber JE, Li FP, Kingston JE, Krush AJ, Strong LC, Finegold MJ, Bertario L, Bulow S, Filippone A Jr, Gedde-Dahl T Jr et al (1988) Hepatoblastoma and familial adenomatous polyposis. J Natl Cancer Inst 80(20):1626–1628

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gayther SA, Wells D, SenGupta SB, Chapman P, Neale K, Tsioupra K, Delhanty JD (1994) Regionally clustered APC mutations are associated with a severe phenotype and occur at a high frequency in new mutation cases of adenomatous polyposis coli. Hum Mol Genet 3(1):53–56

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gerald WL, Miller HK, Battifora H, Miettinen M, Silva EG, Rosai J (1991) Intra-abdominal desmoplastic small round-cell tumor. Report of 19 cases of a distinctive type of high-grade polyphenotypic malignancy affecting young individuals. Am J Surg Pathol 15(6):499–513

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ghahremani GG, Kangarloo H, Volberg F, Meyers MA (1976) Diffuse cavernous hemangioma of the colon in the Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. Radiology 118(3):673–678

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giardiello FM, Offerhaus JG (1995) Phenotype and cancer risk of various polyposis syndromes. Eur J Cancer 31A(7–8):1085–1087

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giardiello FM, Hamilton SR, Kern SE, Offerhaus GJ, Green PA, Celano P, Krush AJ, Booker SV (1991) Colorectal neoplasia in juvenile polyposis or juvenile polyps. Arch Dis Child 66(8):971–975

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giardiello FM, Hamilton SR, Krush AJ, Offerhaus JA, Booker SV, Petersen GM (1993) Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Gastroenterology 105(5):1550–1552

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Giardiello FM, Brensinger JD, Tersmette AC, Goodman SN, Petersen GM, Booker SV, Cruz-Correa M, Offerhaus JA (2000) Very high risk of cancer in familial Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Gastroenterology 119(6):1447–1453

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gill AJ, Chou A, Vilain R, Clarkson A, Lui M, Jin R, Tobias V, Samra J, Goldstein D, Smith C, Sioson L, Parker N, Smith RC, Sywak M, Sidhu SB, Wyatt JM, Robinson BG, Eckstein RP, Benn DE, Clifton-Bligh RJ (2010) Immunohistochemistry for SDHB divides gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) into 2 distinct types. Am J Surg Pathol 34(5):636–644. doi:10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181d6150d

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gleason BC, Hornick JL (2008) Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours: where are we now? J Clin Pathol 61(4):428–437. doi:10.1136/jcp.2007.049387, jcp.2007.049387 [pii]

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goedde TA, Rodriguez-Bigas MA, Herrera L, Petrelli NJ (1992) Gastroduodenal polyps in familial adenomatous polyposis. Surg Oncol 1(5):357–361

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goldblum JR (2002) Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a review of characteristic morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic features. Am J Clin Pathol 117(Suppl 1):S49–S61

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goldin SB, Osborne D, Paidas C, Iannello J, Gilbert-Barness E, Karl R, Wilsey MJ Jr (2007) Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the midesophagus. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 26(5–6):243–254. doi:10.1080/15513810801893421, 791665433 [pii]

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez-Crussi F, deMello DE, Sotelo-Avila C (1983) Omental-mesenteric myxoid hamartomas. Infantile lesions simulating malignant tumors. Am J Surg Pathol 7(6):567–578

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez-Crussi F, Sotelo-Avila C, deMello DE (1986) Primary peritoneal, omental, and mesenteric tumors in childhood. Semin Diagn Pathol 3(2):122–137

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez-Peralta RP, Andres JM (1999) Polyps and polyposis syndromes. In: Wyllie R, Hyams JS (eds) Pediatric gastrointestinal disease, 2nd edn. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 443–453

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodman ZD, Yardley JH, Milligan FD (1979) Pathogenesis of colonic polyps in multiple juvenile polyposis: report of a case associated with gastric polyps and carcinoma of the rectum. Cancer 43(5):1906–1913

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gorensek M, Matko I, Skralovnik A, Rode M, Satler J, Jutersek A (1984) Disseminated hereditary gastrointestinal polyposis with orocutaneous hamartomatosis (Cowden’s disease). Endoscopy 16(2):59–63

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goss KH, Groden J (2000) Biology of the adenomatous polyposis coli tumor suppressor. J Clin Oncol 18(9):1967–1979

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Graham DK, Stork LC, Wei Q, Ingram JD, Karrer FM, Mierau GW, Lovell MA (2002) Molecular genetic analysis of a small bowel primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Pediatr Dev Pathol 5(1):86–90

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Greif F, Burstein Y, Hammer B (1988) Burkitt’s lymphoma protruding through the anus. Report of an unusual case. Dis Colon Rectum 31(8):629–631

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Groisman GM, Benkov KJ, Adsay V, Dische MR (1994) Osseous metaplasia in benign colorectal polyps. Arch Pathol Lab Med 118(1):64–65

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gross E, Vernea F, Weintraub M, Koplewitz BZ (2010) Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor of the ascending colon mesentery in a child: case report and review of the literature. J Pediatr Surg 45(4):830–833. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2010.01.015, S0022-3468(10)00022-9 [pii]

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grotsky HW, Rickert RR, Smith WD, Newsome JF (1982) Familial juvenile polyposis coli. A clinical and pathologic study of a large kindred. Gastroenterology 82(3):494–501

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta AK, Berry M, Mitra DK (1994) Gastrointestinal smooth muscle tumors in children: report of three cases. Pediatr Radiol 24(7):498–499

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta DK, Srinivas M, Dave S, Agarwala S, Bajpai M, Mitra DK (2000) Gastric teratoma in children. Pediatr Surg Int 16(5–6):329–332

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gupta SK, Fitzgerald JF, Croffie JM, Chong SK, Pfefferkorn MC, Davis MM, Faught PR (2001) Experience with juvenile polyps in North American children: the need for pancolonoscopy. Am J Gastroenterol 96(6):1695–1697

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gurbuz AK, Giardiello FM, Petersen GM, Krush AJ, Offerhaus GJ, Booker SV, Kerr MC, Hamilton SR (1994) Desmoid tumours in familial adenomatous polyposis. Gut 35(3):377–381

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hait E, Liang M, Degar B, Glickman J, Fox VL (2006) Gastrointestinal tract involvement in Langerhans cell histiocytosis: case report and literature review. Pediatrics 118(5):e1593–e1599. doi:10.1542/peds.2006-0708, peds.2006-0708 [pii]

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton SR, Liu B, Parsons RE, Papadopoulos N, Jen J, Powell SM, Krush AJ, Berk T, Cohen Z, Tetu B et al (1995) The molecular basis of Turcot’s syndrome. N Engl J Med 332(13):839–847

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hamoudi AB, Ertel I, Newton WA Jr, Reiner CB, Clatworthy HW Jr (1974) Multiple neoplasms in an adolescent child associated with IGA deficiency. Cancer 33(4):1134–1144

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hanid MA, Suleiman M, Haleem A, al Karawi M, al Khader A (1989) Gastrointestinal Kaposi’s sarcoma in renal transplant patients. Q J Med 73(272):1143–1149

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hanssen AM, Fryns JP (1995) Cowden syndrome. J Med Genet 32(2):117–119

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harned RK, Buck JL, Sobin LH (1995) The hamartomatous polyposis syndromes: clinical and radiologic features. AJR Am J Roentgenol 164(3):565–571

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harris GJ, Laszewski MJ (1992) Pediatric primary gastric lymphoma. South Med J 85(4):432–434

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hassall E, Dimmick JE, Magee JF (1993) Adenocarcinoma in childhood Barrett’s esophagus: case documentation and the need for surveillance in children. Am J Gastroenterol 88(2):282–288

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hatzipantelis E, Panagopoulou P, Sidi-Fragandrea V, Fragandrea I, Koliouskas DE (2010) Carcinoid tumors of the appendix in children: experience from a tertiary center in northern Greece. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 51(5):622–625. doi:10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181e05358

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hearle N, Schumacher V, Menko FH, Olschwang S, Boardman LA, Gille JJ, Keller JJ, Westerman AM, Scott RJ, Lim W, Trimbath JD, Giardiello FM, Gruber SB, Offerhaus GJ, de Rooij FW, Wilson JH, Hansmann A, Moslein G, Royer-Pokora B, Vogel T, Phillips RK, Spigelman AD, Houlston RS (2006) Frequency and spectrum of cancers in the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Clin Cancer Res 12(10):3209–3215. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-0083, 12/10/3209 [pii]

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hebra A, Brown MF, McGeehin KM, Ross AJ 3rd (1993) Mesenteric, omental, and retroperitoneal cysts in children: a clinical study of 22 cases. South Med J 86(2):173–176

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hedges AR (1988) Hamartoma of Brunner’s gland causing pyloric obstruction and a biliary fistula. Case report Acta Chir Scand 154(7–8):475–476

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hemminki A (1999) The molecular basis and clinical aspects of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Cell Mol Life Sci 55(5):735–750

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hernegger GS, Moore HG, Guillem JG (2002) Attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis: an evolving and poorly understood entity. Dis Colon Rectum 45(1):127–134; discussion 134–126

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hill DA, Dehner LP, Gow KW, Pappo AS, Crawford D, Pflaumer SM, Furman WL, Hayes-Jordan AA, McDermott MB (2002) Perianal rhabdomyosarcoma presenting as a perirectal abscess: a report of 11 cases. J Pediatr Surg 37(4):576–581

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hill DA, Furman WL, Billups CA, Riedley SE, Cain AM, Rao BN, Pratt CB, Spunt SL (2007) Colorectal carcinoma in childhood and adolescence: a clinicopathologic review. J Clin Oncol 25(36):5808–5814. doi:10.1200/JCO.2007.12.6102, 25/36/5808 [pii]

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Horie H, Iwasaki I, Takahashi H (1986) Carcinoid in a gastrointestinal duplication. J Pediatr Surg 21(10):902–904

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hornick JL, Fletcher CD (2005) Intraabdominal cystic lymphangiomas obscured by marked superimposed reactive changes: clinicopathological analysis of a series. Hum Pathol 36(4):426–432. doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2005.02.007, S0046817705000766 [pii]

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Howe JR, Bair JL, Sayed MG, Anderson ME, Mitros FA, Petersen GM, Velculescu VE, Traverso G, Vogelstein B (2001) Germline mutations of the gene encoding bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1A in juvenile polyposis. Nat Genet 28(2):184–187

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Howe JR, Haidle JL, Lal G, Bair J, Song C, Pechman B, Chinnathambi S, Lynch HT (2007) ENG mutations in MADH4/BMPR1A mutation negative patients with juvenile polyposis. Clin Genet 71(1):91–92. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.2007.00734.x, CGE734 [pii]

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Howell J, Pringle K, Kirschner B, Burrington JD (1981) Peutz-Jeghers polyps causing colocolic intussusception in infancy. J Pediatr Surg 16(1):82–84

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes LJ, Michels VV (1992) Risk of hepatoblastoma in familial adenomatous polyposis. Am J Med Genet 43(6):1023–1025

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Inoue S, Matsumoto T, Iida M, Hoshika K, Shimizu M, Hisamoto N, Kihara T (1999) Juvenile polyposis occurring in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Am J Med Sci 317(1):59–62

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Iofel E, Kahn E, Lee TK, Chawla A (2000) Inflammatory polyps after necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr Surg 35(8):1246–1247

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Isaacson PG (1999) Gastrointestinal lymphomas of T- and B-cell types. Mod Pathol 12(2):151–158

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Issaivanan M, Redner A, Weinstein T, Soffer S, Glassman L, Edelman M, Levy CF (2012) Esophageal carcinoma in children and adolescents. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 34(1):63–67. doi:10.1097/MPH.0b013e31822814b2

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Janeway KA, Liegl B, Harlow A, Le C, Perez-Atayde A, Kozakewich H, Corless CL, Heinrich MC, Fletcher JA (2007) Pediatric KIT wild-type and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha-wild-type gastrointestinal stromal tumors share KIT activation but not mechanisms of genetic progression with adult gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Cancer Res 67(19):9084–9088. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-1938, 67/19/9084 [pii]

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jarvinen H, Franssila KO (1984) Familial juvenile polyposis coli; increased risk of colorectal cancer. Gut 25(7):792–800

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jass JR, Williams CB, Bussey HJ, Morson BC (1988) Juvenile polyposis–a precancerous condition. Histopathology 13(6):619–630

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jeghers H, McKusick VA, Katz KH (1949) Generalized intestinal polyposis and melanin spots of the oral mucosa, lips and digits: a syndrome of diagnostic significance. N Engl J Med 241:1031–1036

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jelloul L, Fremond B, Dyon JF, Orme RL, Babut JM (1997) Mesenteric adenitis caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis presenting as an abdominal mass. Eur J Pediatr Surg 7(3):180–183

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jona JZ (1996) Congenital anorectal teratoma: report of a case. J Pediatr Surg 31(5):709–710

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jones MA, Hebert JC, Trainer TD (1987) Juvenile polyp with intramucosal carcinoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med 111(2):200–201

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kader HA, Ruchelli E, Maller ES (1998) Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis with stool retention caused by a perianal mass. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 26(2):226–228

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kapetanakis AM, Vini D, Plitsis G (1996) Solitary juvenile polyps in children and colon cancer. Hepatogastroenterology 43(12):1530–1531

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kassira N, Pedroso FE, Cheung MC, Koniaris LG, Sola JE (2011) Primary gastrointestinal tract lymphoma in the pediatric patient: review of 265 patients from the SEER registry. J Pediatr Surg 46(10):1956–1964. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2011.06.006, S0022-3468(11)00533-1 [pii]

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kataria R, Bhatnagar V, Gupta SD, Mitra DK (1997) Mesenteric neurofibroma in von Recklinghausen’s disease. J Pediatr Surg 32(1):128–129

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kato S, Ozawa A, Shibuya H, Nakagawa H, Naganuma H (1993) Inflammatory esophagogastric polyp and fold in an adolescent. Acta Paediatr Jpn 35(1):53–56

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kato K, Arai K, Tanaka Y, Ijiri R, Kato Y, Kigasawa H, Toyoda Y, Aida N, Ohama Y (2000) Epithelioid leiomyosarcoma in a non-immunocompromised infant: additional differential diagnosis of pediatric “round cell tumors”. Mod Pathol 13(10):1156–1160

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Katz S, Berernheim J, Kaufman Z, Lazar L, Erez I, Wolach B (1997) Pernicious anemia and adenocarcinoma of the stomach in an adolescent: clinical presentation and histopathology. J Pediatr Surg 32(9):1384–1385

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kerr JZ, Hicks MJ, Nuchtern JG, Saldivar V, Heim-Hall J, Shah S, Kelly DR, Cain WS, Chintagumpala MM (1999) Gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumors in the pediatric population: a report of four cases and a review of the literature. Cancer 85(1):220–230

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim CJ, Choe GY, Chi JG (1990) Foregut choristoma of the ileum, (adenomyoma)–a case report. Pediatr Pathol 10(5):799–805

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kingston JE, Herbert A, Draper GJ, Mann JR (1983) Association between hepatoblastoma and polyposis coli. Arch Dis Child 58(12):959–962

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kodet R, Snajdauf J, Smelhaus V (1994) Gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumor: a case report with electron microscopic and immunohistochemical analysis and review of the literature. Pediatr Pathol 14(6):1005–1016

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koruda MJ, Bell LM, Ross AJ 3rd (1988) Atypical mycobacterial mesenteric lymphadenitis in childhood presenting as an abdominal mass. J Pediatr Surg 23(6):526–528

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kurugoglu S, Mihmanli I, Celkan T, Aki H, Aksoy H, Korman U (2002) Radiological features in paediatric primary gastric MALT lymphoma and association with Helicobacter pylori. Pediatr Radiol 32(2):82–87

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lagmay JP, Ranalli M, Arcila M, Baker P (2009) Clear cell sarcoma of the stomach. Pediatr Blood Cancer 53(2):214–216. doi:10.1002/pbc.22014

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lamesch AJ (1983) An unusual hamartomatous malformation of the rectosigmoid presenting as an irreducible rectal prolapse and necessitating rectosigmoid resection in a 14-week-old infant. Dis Colon Rectum 26(7):452–457

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lamireau T, Le Bail B, Sarlangue J, Vergnes P, Lacombe D (1993) Rectal polyps in Proteus syndrome. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 17(1):115

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Langeveld D, van Hattem WA, de Leng WW, Morsink FH, Ten Kate FJ, Giardiello FM, Offerhaus GJ, Brosens LA (2010) SMAD4 immunohistochemistry reflects genetic status in juvenile polyposis syndrome. Clin Cancer Res 16(16):4126–4134. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-0168, 1078–0432.CCR-10-0168 [pii]

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • LaQuaglia MP, Heller G, Filippa DA, Karasakalides A, Vlamis V, Wollner N, Enker WE, Cohen AM, Exelby PR (1992) Prognostic factors and outcome in patients 21 years and under with colorectal carcinoma. J Pediatr Surg 27(8):1085–1089; discussion 1089–1090

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee JS, Nascimento AG, Farnell MB, Carney JA, Harmsen WS, Ilstrup DM (1995) Epithelioid gastric stromal tumors (leiomyoblastomas): a study of fifty-five cases. Surgery 118(4):653–660; discussion 660–651

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li FP, Thurber WA, Seddon J, Holmes GE (1987) Hepatoblastoma in families with polyposis coli. JAMA 257(18):2475–2477

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Libson E, Mapp E, Dachman AH (1994) Hodgkin’s disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Clin Radiol 49(3):166–169

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Longo WE, Touloukian RJ, West AB, Ballantyne GH (1990) Malignant potential of juvenile polyposis coli. Report of a case and review of the literature. Dis Colon Rectum 33(11):980–984

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lonsdale RN, Roberts PF, Vaughan R, Thiru S (1992) Familial oesophageal leiomyomatosis and nephropathy. Histopathology 20(2):127–133

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Losty P, Hu C, Quinn F, Fitzgerald RJ (1993) Gastrointestinal manifestations of neurofibromatosis in childhood. Eur J Pediatr Surg 3(1):57–58

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lotfi AM, Dozois RR, Gordon H, Hruska LS, Weiland LH, Carryer PW, Hurt RD (1989) Mesenteric fibromatosis complicating familial adenomatous polyposis: predisposing factors and results of treatment. Int J Colorectal Dis 4(1):30–36

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Louw JH (1972) Polypoid lesions of the large bowel in children. S Afr Med J 46(37):1347–1352

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lowichik A, White FV, Timmons CF, Weinberg AG, Gunasekaran TS, Nathan K, Coffin CM (2000) Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome: spectrum of intestinal pathology including juvenile polyps. Pediatr Dev Pathol 3(2):155–161

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lynch HT, Lanspa S, Smyrk T, Boman B, Watson P, Lynch J (1991) Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (Lynch syndromes I & II). Genetics, pathology, natural history, and cancer control, Part I. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 53(2):143–160

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Macrae F, du Sart D, Nasioulas S (2009) Familial adenomatous polyposis. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 23(2):197–207. doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2009.02.010, S1521-6918(09)00032-8 [pii]

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Madlensky L, Bapat B, Redston M, Pearl R, Gallinger S, Cohen Z (1997) Using genetic information to make surgical decisions: report of a case of a 13-year-old boy with colon cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 40(2):240–243

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mahour GH, Isaacs H Jr, Chang L (1980) Primary malignant tumors of the stomach in children. J Pediatr Surg 15(5):603–608

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Makhlouf HR, Sobin LH (2002) Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (inflammatory pseudotumors) of the gastrointestinal tract: how closely are they related to inflammatory fibroid polyps? Hum Pathol 33(3):307–315

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Markowitz J, McKinley M, Kahn E, Stiel L, Rosa J, Grancher K, Daum F (1997) Endoscopic screening for dysplasia and mucosal aneuploidy in adolescents and young adults with childhood onset colitis. Am J Gastroenterol 92(11):2001–2006

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marsh DJ, Kum JB, Lunetta KL, Bennett MJ, Gorlin RJ, Ahmed SF, Bodurtha J, Crowe C, Curtis MA, Dasouki M, Dunn T, Feit H, Geraghty MT, Graham JM Jr, Hodgson SV, Hunter A, Korf BR, Manchester D, Miesfeldt S, Murday VA, Nathanson KL, Parisi M, Pober B, Romano C, Eng C et al (1999) PTEN mutation spectrum and genotype-phenotype correlations in Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome suggest a single entity with Cowden syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 8(8):1461–1472

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matsuki K, Kakitsubata Y, Watanabe K, Tsukino H, Nakajima K (1997) Mesenteric plexiform neurofibroma associated with Recklinghausen’s disease. Pediatr Radiol 27(3):255–256

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matuchansky C, Babin P, Coutrot S, Druart F, Barbier J, Maire P (1979) Peutz-Jeghers syndrome with metastasizing carcinoma arising from a jejunal hamartoma. Gastroenterology 77(6):1311–1315

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McClain KL, Leach CT, Jenson HB, Joshi VV, Pollock BH, Parmley RT, DiCarlo FJ, Chadwick EG, Murphy SB (1995) Association of Epstein-Barr virus with leiomyosarcomas in children with AIDS. N Engl J Med 332(1):12–18

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McGarrity TJ, Kulin HE, Zaino RJ (2000) Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 95(3):596–604

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McGrath FP, Moote DJ, Langer JC, Orr W, Somers S (1991) Duodenojejunal intussusception secondary to a duodenal lipoma presenting in a young boy. Pediatr Radiol 21(8):590–591

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McNicholas T, Brereton RJ, Raafat F (1985) Lymphoid polyps of the rectum. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 4(2):297–302

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mecrow IK, Miller V, Lendon M, Doig CM (1990) Mesenteric fibromatosis presenting with ascites in childhood. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 11(1):118–122

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Michalek J, Kopecna L, Tuma J, Hrstkova H, Feit J (2000) Gastric carcinoma in a 9-year-old boy. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 17(6):511–515

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miettinen M, Lasota J (2001) Gastrointestinal stromal tumors–definition, clinical, histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic features and differential diagnosis. Virchows Arch 438(1):1–12

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miettinen M, Lasota J (2011) Histopathology of gastrointestinal stromal tumor. J Surg Oncol 104(8):865–873. doi:10.1002/jso.21945

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miettinen M, Sobin LH, Sarlomo-Rikala M (2000) Immunohistochemical spectrum of GISTs at different sites and their differential diagnosis with a reference to CD117 (KIT). Mod Pathol 13(10):1134–1142

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miettinen M, Lasota J, Sobin LH (2005) Gastrointestinal stromal tumors of the stomach in children and young adults: a clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic study of 44 cases with long-term follow-up and review of the literature. Am J Surg Pathol 29(10):1373–1381, 00000478-200510000-00015 [pii]

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miettinen M, Dow N, Lasota J, Sobin LH (2009a) A distinctive novel epitheliomesenchymal biphasic tumor of the stomach in young adults (“gastroblastoma”): a series of 3 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 33(9):1370–1377

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miettinen M, Makhlouf HR, Sobin LH, Lasota J (2009b) Plexiform fibromyxoma: a distinctive benign gastric antral neoplasm not to be confused with a myxoid GIST. Am J Surg Pathol 33(11):1624–1632. doi:10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181ae666a

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mills SE, Fechner RE (1982) Unusual adenomatous polyps in juvenile polyposis coli. Am J Surg Pathol 6(2):177–183

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moertel CG, Weiland LH, Nagorney DM, Dockerty MB (1987) Carcinoid tumor of the appendix: treatment and prognosis. N Engl J Med 317(27):1699–1701

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mullen JT, Savarese DM (2011) Carcinoid tumors of the appendix: a population-based study. J Surg Oncol 104(1):41–44. doi:10.1002/jso.21888

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murray JC, Minifee PK, Trautwein LM, Hicks MJ, Langston C, Morad AB (1996) Intraabdominal desmoplastic small round cell tumor presenting as a gastric mural mass with hepatic metastases. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 18(3):289–292

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nagaya M, Kato J, Niimi N, Tanaka S, Akiyoshi K, Tanaka T (1998) Isolated cavernous hemangioma of the stomach in a neonate. J Pediatr Surg 33(4):653–654

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Narita T, Eto T, Ito T (1987) Peutz-Jeghers syndrome with adenomas and adenocarcinomas in colonic polyps. Am J Surg Pathol 11(1):76–81

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Neidich GA, Mills K, Ohrt DW (1989) Intestinal lymphangiomas: a rare cause of intestinal obstruction. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 8(1):122–124

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Riordan BG, Vilor M, Herrera L (1996) Small bowel tumors: an overview. Dig Dis 14(4):245–257

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Odone V, Chang L, Caces J, George SL, Pratt CB (1982) The natural history of colorectal carcinoma in adolescents. Cancer 49(8):1716–1720

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Odze R, Antonioli D, Shocket D, Noble-Topham S, Goldman H, Upton M (1993) Esophageal squamous papillomas. A clinicopathologic study of 38 lesions and analysis for human papillomavirus by the polymerase chain reaction. Am J Surg Pathol 17(8):803–812

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ordonez NG (1998) Desmoplastic small round cell tumor: II: an ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study with emphasis on new immunohistochemical markers. Am J Surg Pathol 22(11):1314–1327

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Overberg-Schmidt US, Baumgarten E, Bassir C, Becker M, Unger M, Henze G (1999) The stomach and pulmonary interlobular space as unusual sites of osteosarcoma. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 16(1):61–66

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pappo AS, Janeway KA (2009) Pediatric gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 23(1):15–34, vii. doi:10.1016/j.hoc.2008.11.005, S0889-8588(08)00177-9 [pii]

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pappo AS, Janeway K, Laquaglia M, Kim SY (2011) Special considerations in pediatric gastrointestinal tumors. J Surg Oncol 104(8):928–932. doi:10.1002/jso.21868

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parisi MA, Dinulos MB, Leppig KA, Sybert VP, Eng C, Hudgins L (2001) The spectrum and evolution of phenotypic findings in PTEN mutation positive cases of Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome. J Med Genet 38(1):52–58

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Park WH, Choi SO, Kim JI (2002) Congenital gastric teratoma with gastric perforation mimicking meconium peritonitis. J Pediatr Surg 37(5):E11

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parkes SE, Muir KR, al Sheyyab M, Cameron AH, Pincott JR, Raafat F, Mann JR (1993) Carcinoid tumours of the appendix in children 1957–1986: incidence, treatment and outcome. Br J Surg 80(4):502–504

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pashankar D, Murphy JJ, Ostry A, Schreiber RA (2000) Life-threatening gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to juvenile polyposis. Am J Gastroenterol 95(2):543–545

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Patterson MJ, Kernen JA (1985) Epithelioid leiomyosarcoma originating in a hamartomatous polyp from a patient with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Gastroenterology 88(4):1060–1064

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pawel BR, de Chadarevian JP, Inniss S, Kalwinski P, Paul SR, Weintraub WH (1997) Mesenteric pleomorphic liposarcoma in an adolescent. Arch Pathol Lab Med 121(2):173–176

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Persoff MM, Arterburn JG (1972) Eosinophilic granuloma causing intussusception in a three year old child. Am J Surg 124(5):676–678

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peutz JLA (1921) On a very remarkable case of familial polyposis of the mucous membranes, of the intestinal tract and nasopharynx accompanied by peculiar pigmentations of the skin and mucous membrane. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 10:134–146

    Google Scholar 

  • Pham BN, Villanueva RP (1989) Ganglioneuromatous proliferation associated with juvenile polyposis coli. Arch Pathol Lab Med 113(1):91–94

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pilarski R, Stephens JA, Noss R, Fisher JL, Prior TW (2011) Predicting PTEN mutations: an evaluation of Cowden syndrome and Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome clinical features. J Med Genet 48(8):505–512. doi:10.1136/jmg.2011.088807, jmg.2011.088807 [pii]

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pisharody U, Craver RD, Brown RF, Gardner R, Schmidt-Sommerfeld E (2008) Metastatic perivascular epithelioid cell tumor of the colon in a child. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 46(5):598–601. doi:10.1097/MPG.0b013e318148b65c, 00005176-200805000-00019 [pii]

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Polit SA (1990) Squamous cell papillomas of the esophagus. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 11(2):285–287

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pollice L, Bufo P (1984) Inflammatory fibroid polyp of the rectum. Pathol Res Pract 178(5):508–512

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Poon KK, Mills S, Booth IW, Murphy MS (1997) Inflammatory cloacogenic polyp: an unrecognized cause of hematochezia and tenesmus in childhood. J Pediatr 130(2):327–329

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prommegger R, Obrist P, Ensinger C, Profanter C, Mittermair R, Hager J (2002) Retrospective evaluation of carcinoid tumors of the appendix in children. World J Surg 26(12):1489–1492. doi:10.1007/s00268-002-6440-3

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ramdial PK, Sing Y, Hadley GP, Chotey NA, Mahlakwane MS, Singh B (2010) Paediatric intussusception caused by acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated Kaposi sarcoma. Pediatr Surg Int 26(8):783–787. doi:10.1007/s00383-010-2625-2

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rao BN, Pratt CB, Fleming ID, Dilawari RA, Green AA, Austin BA (1985) Colon carcinoma in children and adolescents. A review of 30 cases. Cancer 55(6):1322–1326

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Riedel BD, Wong RC, Ey EH (1994) Gastric inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (inflammatory pseudotumor) in infancy: case report and review of the literature. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 19(4):437–443

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Riggle KP, Boeckman CR (1988) Duodenal leiomyoma: a case report of hematemesis in a teenager. J Pediatr Surg 23(9):850–851

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rink L, Godwin AK (2009) Clinical and molecular characteristics of gastrointestinal stromal tumors in the pediatric and young adult population. Curr Oncol Rep 11(4):314–321

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roth S, Sistonen P, Salovaara R, Hemminki A, Loukola A, Johansson M, Avizienyte E, Cleary KA, Lynch P, Amos CI, Kristo P, Mecklin JP, Kellokumpu I, Jarvinen H, Aaltonen LA (1999) SMAD genes in juvenile polyposis. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 26(1):54–61

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rubin SZ, Mancer JF, Stephens CA (1981) Carcinoid in a rectal duplication: a unique pediatric surgical problem. Can J Surg 24(4):351–352

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rutsch F, Henker J, Fischer R, Gobel P (1997) Gastrointestinal lymphonodular hyperplasia and lymphoid polyps of the rectum–a rare coincidence. Z Gastroenterol 35(4):271–275

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ryan P, Nguyen VH, Gholoum S, Carpineta L, Abish S, Ahmed NN, Laberge JM, Riddell RH (2009) Polypoid PEComa in the rectum of a 15-year-old girl: case report and review of PEComa in the gastrointestinal tract. Am J Surg Pathol 33(3):475–482. doi:10.1097/PAS.0b013e31819003d1

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ryden SE, Drake RM, Franciosi RA (1975) Carcinoid tumors of the appendix in children. Cancer 36(4):1538–1542

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sakaguchi M, Sue K, Etoh G, Takagishi T, Ezaki T, Nakamura M, Yamanaka K, Morita J (1998) A case of solitary cavernous hemangioma of the small intestine with recurrent clinical anemic attacks in childhood. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 27(3):342–343

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Samad L, Ali M, Ramzi H, Akbani Y (1999) Respiratory distress in a child caused by lipoma of the esophagus. J Pediatr Surg 34(10):1537–1538

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sandberg AA, Bridge JA (2002) Updates on the cytogenetics and molecular genetics of bone and soft tissue tumors. gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 135(1):1–22

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sanders BM, West KW, Gingalewski C, Engum S, Davis M, Grosfeld JL (2001) Inflammatory pseudotumor of the alimentary tract: clinical and surgical experience. J Pediatr Surg 36(1):169–173

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sanna CM, Loriga P, Dessi E, Frau G, Congiu G, Corrias A, Corda R (1991) Hyperplastic polyp of the stomach simulating hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 13(2):204–208

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • SantaCruz KS, McKinley ET, Powell RD Jr, Hermreck AS, Sonnino RE (2002) Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the gastroesophageal junction in childhood. Pediatr Pathol Mol Med 21(1):49–56

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sarangarajan R, Hill DA, Humphrey PA, Hitchcock MG, Dehner LP, Pfeifer JD (2001) Primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the biliary and gastrointestinal tracts: clinicopathologic and molecular diagnostic study of two cases. Pediatr Dev Pathol 4(2):185–191

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Saul SH (1987) Inflammatory cloacogenic polyp: relationship to solitary rectal ulcer syndrome/mucosal prolapse and other bowel disorders. Hum Pathol 18(11):1120–1125

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schettini ST, Ganc A, Saba L (1998) Esophageal carcinoma secondary to a chemical injury in a child. Pediatr Surg Int 13(7):519–520

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Serour F, Gorenstein A, Lipnitzky V, Zaidel L (1994) Adenomyoma of the small bowel: a rare cause of intussusception in childhood. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 18(2):247–249

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sharon N, Kenet G, Toren A, Mandel M, Neumann Y, Kaplinsky C, Schiby G, Rechavi G (1997) Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric lymphoma in a girl. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 14(2):177–180

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shekitka KM, Sobin LH (1994) Ganglioneuromas of the gastrointestinal tract. Relation to Von Recklinghausen disease and other multiple tumor syndromes. Am J Surg Pathol 18(3):250–257

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shepherd NA, Bussey HJ, Jass JR (1987) Epithelial misplacement in Peutz-Jeghers polyps. A diagnostic pitfall. Am J Surg Pathol 11(10):743–749

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shimer GR, Helwig EB (1984) Inflammatory fibroid polyps of the intestine. Am J Clin Pathol 81(6):708–714

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shin DH, Lee JH, Kang HJ, Choi KU, Kim JY, Park do Y, Lee CH, Sol MY, Park JH, Kim HY, Montgomery E (2010) Novel epitheliomesenchymal biphasic stomach tumour (gastroblastoma) in a 9-year-old: morphological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical findings. J Clin Pathol 63(3):270–274. doi:10.1136/jcp.2009.074104, 63/3/270 [pii]

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shokouh-Amiri MH, Hansen CP, Moesgaard F (1986) Liposarcoma of the stomach. A case report. Acta Chir Scand 152:389–391

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sieber OM, Lamlum H, Crabtree MD, Rowan AJ, Barclay E, Lipton L, Hodgson S, Thomas HJ, Neale K, Phillips RK, Farrington SM, Dunlop MG, Mueller HJ, Bisgaard ML, Bulow S, Fidalgo P, Albuquerque C, Scarano MI, Bodmer W, Tomlinson IP, Heinimann K (2002) Whole-gene APC deletions cause classical familial adenomatous polyposis, but not attenuated polyposis or “multiple” colorectal adenomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99(5):2954–2958

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Siegel SE, Hays DM, Romansky S, Isaacs H (1976) Carcinoma of the stomach in childhood. Cancer 38(4):1781–1784

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singh S, Lal P, Sikora SS, Datta NR (2001) Squamous cell carcinoma arising from a congenital duplication cyst of the esophagus in a young adult. Dis Esophagus 14(3–4):258–261

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith JA, Bhathal PS, Cuthbertson AM (1990) Angiosarcoma of the colon. Report of a case with long-term survival. Dis Colon Rectum 33(4):330–333

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smithey BE, Pappo AS, Hill DA (2002) C-kit expression in pediatric solid tumors: a comparative immunohistochemical study. Am J Surg Pathol 26(4):486–492

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spunt SL, Pratt CB, Rao BN, Pritchard M, Jenkins JJ, Hill DA, Cain AM, Pappo AS (2000) Childhood carcinoid tumors: the St Jude Children’s Research Hospital experience. J Pediatr Surg 35(9):1282–1286

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Srigley JR, Mancer K (1984) Solitary intestinal fibromatosis with perinatal bowel obstruction. Pediatr Pathol 2(3):249–258

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stanich PP, Owens VL, Sweetser S, Khambatta S, Smyrk TC, Richardson RL, Goetz MP, Patnaik MM (2011) Colonic polyposis and neoplasia in Cowden syndrome. Mayo Clin Proc 86(6):489–492. doi:10.4065/mcp.2010.0816, S0025-6196(11)60046-3 [pii]

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart TW Jr, Mills LR (1984) Adenomyoma of the stomach. South Med J 77(10):1337–1338

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steyaert H, Guitard J, Moscovici J, Juricic M, Vaysse P, Juskiewenski S (1996) Abdominal cystic lymphangioma in children: benign lesions that can have a proliferative course. J Pediatr Surg 31(5):677–680

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stringer MD, Ramani P, Yeung CK, Capps SN, Kiely EM, Spitz L (1992) Abdominal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours in children. Br J Surg 79(12):1357–1360

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stuhldreier G, Haffner D, Prall F, Vorwerk P, Classen C (2011) Appendiceal neuroendocrine carcinoma sized 18 mm with metastasis in one of 36 lymph nodes. Eur J Pediatr Surg 21(6):400–402. doi:10.1055/s-0031-1283152

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Subbiah V, Varadhachary G, Herzog CE, Huh WW (2011) Gastric adenocarcinoma in children and adolescents. Pediatr Blood Cancer 57(3):524–527. doi:10.1002/pbc.23051

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sultan I, Rodriguez-Galindo C, El-Taani H, Pastore G, Casanova M, Gallino G, Ferrari A (2010) Distinct features of colorectal cancer in children and adolescents: a population-based study of 159 cases. Cancer 116(3):758–765. doi:10.1002/cncr.24777

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sweet K, Willis J, Zhou XP, Gallione C, Sawada T, Alhopuro P, Khoo SK, Patocs A, Martin C, Bridgeman S, Heinz J, Pilarski R, Lehtonen R, Prior TW, Frebourg T, Teh BT, Marchuk DA, Aaltonen LA, Eng C (2005) Molecular classification of patients with unexplained hamartomatous and hyperplastic polyposis. JAMA 294(19):2465–2473. doi:10.1001/jama.294.19.2465, 294/19/2465 [pii]

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Teppo L, Salonen T, Hakulinen T (1975) Incidence of childhood cancer in Finland. J Natl Cancer Inst 55(5):1065–1067

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thorner P, Heidet L, Moreno Merlo F, Edwards V, Antignac C, Gubler MC (1998) Diffuse leiomyomatosis of the esophagus: disorder of cell-matrix interaction? Pediatr Dev Pathol 1(6):543–549

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Utsch B, Fleischhack G, Knopfle G, Hasan C, Bode U (2001) Immature gastric teratoma of the lesser curvature in a male infant. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 32(2):204–206

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Hattem WA, Brosens LA, de Leng WW, Morsink FH, Lens S, Carvalho R, Giardiello FM, Offerhaus GJ (2008) Large genomic deletions of SMAD4, BMPR1A and PTEN in juvenile polyposis. Gut 57(5):623–627. doi:10.1136/gut.2007.142927, gut.2007.142927 [pii]

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Lier MG, Westerman AM, Wagner A, Looman CW, Wilson JH, de Rooij FW, Lemmens VE, Kuipers EJ, Mathus-Vliegen EM, van Leerdam ME (2011) High cancer risk and increased mortality in patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Gut 60(2):141–147. doi:10.1136/gut.2010.223750, 60/2/141 [pii]

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vasudevan SA, Patel JC, Wesson DE, Plon SE, Finegold MJ, Nuchtern JG (2006) Severe dysplasia in children with familial adenomatous polyposis: rare or simply overlooked? J Pediatr Surg 41(4):658–661. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2005.12.005, S0022-3468(05)00947-4 [pii]

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vithayasai N, Ningsanond V, Niramis R (2000) Wilms’ tumor with metastasis to duodenum - the first reported case in Thailand. J Med Assoc Thai 83(9):1116–1119

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Volpe A, Willert J, Ihnken K, Treynor E, Moss RL (2000) Metastatic appendiceal carcinoid tumor in a child. Med Pediatr Oncol 34(3):218–220

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wada K, Asoh T, Imamura T, Tanaka N, Yamaguchi K, Tanaka M (1998) Rectal carcinoid tumor associated with the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. J Gastroenterol 33(5):743–746

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Warrier RP, Varma AV, Chauhan A, Ward K, Craver R (2011) Carcinoid tumor with bilateral renal involvement in a child. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 33(8):628–630. doi:10.1097/MPH.0b013e318216ebbe

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Washington K, Rourk MH Jr, McDonagh D, Oldham KT (1993) Inflammatory cloacogenic polyp in a child: part of the spectrum of solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. Pediatr Pathol 13(4):409–414

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Winter HS (2000) Intestinal polyps. In: Walker WA, Durie PR, Hamilton JR, Walker-Smith JA, Watkins JB (eds) Pediatric gastrointestinal disease, 3rd edn. B. C. Decker Inc., Hamilton, pp 796–809

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodford-Richens K, Bevan S, Churchman M, Dowling B, Jones D, Norbury CG, Hodgson SV, Desai D, Neale K, Phillips RK, Young J, Leggett B, Dunlop M, Rozen P, Eng C, Markie D, Rodriguez-Bigas MA, Sheridan E, Iwama T, Eccles D, Smith GT, Kim JC, Kim KM, Sampson JR, Evans G, Tejpar S, Bodmer WF, Tomlinson IP, Houlston RS (2000) Analysis of genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity in juvenile polyposis. Gut 46(5):656–660

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wu TT, Rezai B, Rashid A, Luce MC, Cayouette MC, Kim C, Sani N, Mishra L, Moskaluk CA, Yardley JH, Hamilton SR (1997) Genetic alterations and epithelial dysplasia in juvenile polyposis syndrome and sporadic juvenile polyps. Am J Pathol 150(3):939–947

    CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto K, Tanaka T, Kuno K, Amoh Y, Takahashi Y, Murakami H (1994) Carcinoma of the colon in children: case report and review of the Japanese literature. J Gastroenterol 29(5):647–652

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yang R, Cheung MC, Zhuge Y, Armstrong C, Koniaris LG, Sola JE (2010) Primary solid tumors of the colon and rectum in the pediatric patient: a review of 270 cases. J Surg Res 161(2):209–216. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2008.12.003, S0022-4804(08)01555-2 [pii]

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zbuk KM, Eng C (2007) Hamartomatous polyposis syndromes. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol 4(9):492–502. doi:10.1038/ncpgasthep0902, ncpgasthep0902 [pii]

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang L, Smyrk TC, Young WF Jr, Stratakis CA, Carney JA (2010) Gastric stromal tumors in Carney triad are different clinically, pathologically, and behaviorally from sporadic gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors: findings in 104 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 34(1):53–64. doi:10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181c20f4f

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhuge Y, Cheung MC, Yang R, Eldick D, Koniaris LG, Sola JE (2009) Pediatric intestinal foregut and small bowel solid tumors: a review of 105 cases. J Surg Res 156(1):95–102. doi:10.1016/j.jss.2009.03.054, S0022-4804(09)00149-8 [pii]

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zotter H, Schwinger W, Kerbl R, Urban C, Smolle Juettner FM, Hinterleitner T (2001) Management of a 16-year-old boy with adenocarcinoma at the esophageal gastric junction. Med Pediatr Oncol 37(6):557

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Bruce R. Pawel MD

Authors
  1. Bruce R. Pawel MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bruce R. Pawel MD .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Division of Anatomic Pathology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Pierre Russo

  2. Department of Pathology, Division of Anatomic Pathology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Eduardo D. Ruchelli

  3. Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    David A. Piccoli

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pawel, B.R. (2014). Polyps and Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Childhood. In: Russo, P., Ruchelli, E., Piccoli, D. (eds) Pathology of Pediatric Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54053-0_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54053-0_8

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-54052-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-54053-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation