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The Gentianaceae - Volume 1: Characterization and Ecology pp 13–35Cite as

Classification and Evolution of the Family Gentianaceae

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Abstract

This chapter reviews research progress and resulting changes in classification in the Gentian family since the worldwide revision in 2002. Currently, the Gentianaceae includes 99 genera and approximately 1,736 species. The tribal classification still stands, but there have been some important changes of genus delimitations based on new evolutionary work. This includes reclassifications of poly- or paraphyletic genera (e.g., Canscora, Centaurium, Fagraea, Sebaea) that have led to the description of new or resurrected genera such as Cyrtophyllum, Duplipetala, Exochaenium, Gyrandra, Lagenias, Limahlania, Klackenbergia, Phyllocyclus, Picrophloeus, Schenkia, Utania, and Zeltnera. New genera have been discovered in South America, including Roraimaea and Yanomamua. Some genera were incorporated into others to preserve monophyly (Cotylanthera into Exacum, Wurdackanthus into Symbolanthus). Bisgoeppertia has been moved to the Potalieae. Unsolved generic delimitation problems remain in Gentianeae-Swertiinae and Helieae. The placement of the enigmatic mycoheterotroph Voyria is still uncertain, but it is likely an isolated, basally placed branch in the family. Recent biogeographic studies that address large-scale distribution patterns, vicariance events, and the significance of these new results are reviewed in this chapter, as are examples of evolutionary research progress within each tribe.

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Acknowledgments

Special thanks to gentian researchers Fernanda Calió, Adrian Favre, Jason R. Grant, Joseph Greimler, Bernhard von Hagen, Jonathan Kissling, Katherine Lepis, Sugumaran Manickam, Guilhem Mansion, Katherine G. Mathews, Vincent Merckx, James Pringle, and Mike Thiv, all of whom provided important data as well as useful commentary for this chapter. Grant support for this research was provided by USDA-Hatch (NJAES 17112).

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  1. Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, 237 Foran Hall, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA

    Lena Struwe

  2. Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, 237 Foran Hall, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA

    Lena Struwe

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  1. Botanical Garden-Center for Biological Diversity Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

    Jan J. Rybczyński

  2. Plant and Crop Sciences Division, University of Nottingham School of Biosciences, Loughborough, United Kingdom

    Michael R. Davey

  3. Botanical Garden-Center for Biological Diversity Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

    Anna Mikuła

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Struwe, L. (2014). Classification and Evolution of the Family Gentianaceae. In: Rybczyński, J., Davey, M., Mikuła, A. (eds) The Gentianaceae - Volume 1: Characterization and Ecology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54010-3_2

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