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Marine Biotoxins

  • Chapter
Springer Handbook of Marine Biotechnology

Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Abstract

This chapter revises current knowledge on marine biotoxins that are known nowadays, considering all the distinct groups based on chemical structure and lipophilic or hydrophilic characteristics. Diarrheic shellfish poisoning (GlossaryTerm

DSP

), paralytic shellfish poisoning (GlossaryTerm

PSP

), amnesic shellfish poisoning (GlossaryTerm

ASP

), azaspiracid shellfish poisoning (GlossaryTerm

AZP

), ciguatera fish poisoning (GlossaryTerm

CFP

) are some of the groups that will be reviewed in this chapter.

The recent development and application of advanced technologies from the generically defined -omics sciences coupled with bioinformatics platforms has been included in this chapter in order to understand the ecology and evolution of phytoplankton species and bloom dynamics. Dinoflagellate toxins are structurally and functionally diverse, and many present unique biological activities.

The literature and information regarding the biological activities and the potential application of these phycotoxins has been gathered in this book section.

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Abbreviations

AFLP:

amplified fragment length polymorphism

AMPA:

α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid

ASP:

amnesic shellfish poisoning

ATP:

adenosine triphosphate

AZA:

azaspiracid

AZP:

azaspiracid shellfish poisoning

BTX:

brevetoxin

C-CTX:

Caribbean-CTX

CFP:

ciguatera fish poisoning

CGC:

cerebellar granule cell

CGN:

cerebellar granule neuron

CI:

cyclic imine

cyclic imines

CSP:

cell surface protein

CTX:

ciguatoxin

DA:

domoic acid

DGGE:

denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis

DNA:

deoxyribonucleic acid

DSP:

diarrhetic shellfish poisoning

DTX:

dinophysis toxin

ELISA:

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

EST:

express sequence tag

EU:

European Union

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

FETAX:

frog embryo teratogenesis assay-xenopus

FISH:

fluorescence in situ hybridization

GC-TOF-MS:

chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry

GCL:

glutamate cysteine ligase

GLDC:

glutamate decarboxylase

GSH:

glutathione

GYM:

gymnodimine

HAB:

harmful algal bloom

HPLC:

high-performance liquid chromatography

HRP:

horseradish peroxidase

HeLa:

human cervix carcinoma cells

HepG2:

hepatoma cell line

I-CTX:

Indian-CTX

IAC:

internal amplification control

IAEA:

International Atomic Energy Agency

ITS:

internal transcribed spacer

LC-MS:

liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

LC:

liquid chromatography

LDLR:

low-density lipoprotein receptor

LT:

lipophilic toxin

MAP:

mitogen-activated protein

MBA:

mouse bioassay

MCF:

Michigan Cancer Foundation-7

MIP:

molecularly imprinted polymer

MS:

mass spectroscopy

MTX:

maitotoxin

Mbp:

million base pairs

NMDA:

N-metyl-d-aspartic acid

NOAA:

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NO:

nitric oxide

NSP:

neurotoxic shellfish poisoning

OA:

okadaic acid

OTAB:

octyl-trimethyl ammonium bromide

P-CTX:

Pacific-CTX

PCR:

polymerase chain reaction

PET:

photoinduced electron transfer

PPC:

proparacaine

PSP:

paralytic shellfish poisoning

PST:

paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin

PTX2SA:

PTX2 seco acid

PTX:

pectenotoxin

PbTx:

brevetoxin

PlTX:

palytoxin

PnTX:

pinnatoxin

PtTX:

pteriatoxin

RAPD:

random amplified polymorphic DNA

RBA:

Receptor Binding Assay

RFLP:

restriction fragment length polymorphism

RIA:

radioimmunoassay

RNA:

ribonucleic acid

SNP:

single nucleotide polymorphisms

SPR:

surface plasmon resonance

SPX:

spirolide

SSCP:

single stranded conformation polymorphism

SSR:

short sequence repeats

STX:

saxitoxin

TNF:

tumor necrosis factor

TTX:

11-[ 3 H]-tetrodotoxin

UV:

ultraviolet

VGIC:

voltage-gated ion channels

VGSC:

voltage-gated Na + channel

YTX:

yessotoxin

cAMP:

cyclic adenosine monophosphate

cDNA:

complementary DNA

epi-DA:

epi-domoic acid

i.p.:

intraperitoneal

iso-DA A–H:

isodomoic acids A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H

mRNA:

messenger RNA

qPCR:

quantitative PCR

rDNA:

ribosomal DNA

rRNA:

ribosomal RNA

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Food Quality and Safety, ANFACO-CECOPESCA, Col Univ 16, 36310, Vigo-Po, Spain

    Aníbal Martínez, Virginia González & Ana G. Cabado

  2. EU Reference Laboratory for Marine Biotoxins, Ministry of Health, Fonte das Abelleiras, 36310, Vigo, Spain

    Begoña Ben-Gigirey

  3. Research & Development, ANFACO-CECOPESCA, Col Univ 16, 36310, Vigo-Po, Spain

    María José Chapela

  4. Microbiology and Bioassays Laboratory, ANFACO-CECOPESCA, Col Univ 16, 36310, Vigo-Po, Spain

    Alejandro Garrido-Maestu

  5. General Management, ANFACO-CECOPESCA, Col Univ 16, 36310, Vigo-Po, Spain

    Juan M. Vieites

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  1. Aníbal Martínez
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  7. Ana G. Cabado
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Correspondence to Ana G. Cabado .

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  1. Department of Marine-Bio. Convergence Science Specialized Graduate School Science & Technology Convergence Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Yongdang Campus, 365, Sinseon-ro, Nam-gu, 608-739, Busan, Korea

    Se-Kwon Kim Prof.

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Martínez, A. et al. (2015). Marine Biotoxins. In: Kim, SK. (eds) Springer Handbook of Marine Biotechnology. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53971-8_37

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