Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Handbuch der Pflanzenphysiologie / Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology ((532,volume 15))

Abstract

The scope of this chapter is the development of the shoot meristem after it has changed from the vegetative to the reproductive state (a transformation which has been studied in detail in the preceding chapter) through the very last step, namely the ripening of the fruits and seeds. In this sequence of development — which encompasses the whole life of flowers and fruits — one can distinguish three main periods, namely: (1) the development of the flower bud, (2) the opening of the flower, (3) the development of the fruit. These three periods with their characteristic physiological processes will be studied individually.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literature

  • Addicott, F. T., and R. S. Lynch: Acceleration and retardation of abscission by indolc-acetic acid. Science 114, 688–689 (1951).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Addoms, G. T., G. T. Nightingale and M. A. Blake: Development and ripening of peaches as correlated with physical characteristics, chemical composition and histological structure of the fruit flesh: II. Histology and microchemistry. X. J. Agric. Exp. Stat. Bull. No 507 (1930).

    Google Scholar 

  • Afzelius, K.: Die Embryobildung bei Nigritella nigra. Svensk bot. Tidskr. 22, 82–91 (1928).

    Google Scholar 

  • Akkerman, A. M., and H. Veldstra: The chemical nature of Köckemann’s blastocholine from Lycoversicon escidentiim Mill. Rec. Trav. chim. Pays-Bas 6G, 411–412 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  • Albert, D. W., and R. H. Hilgeman: Fruit growth and temperature relationship in the date palm. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 30, 225–228 (1933).

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, T. R.: Carbohydrates of bean plants after treatment with indole-3-acetic acid. Plant Physiol. 13, 845–858 (1938).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Algera, L.: Concerning the influence of temperature treatment on the carbohydrate metabolism, the respiration and the morphological development of the tulip. Proc. kon. ned. Akad. Wet. 39, 1106–1114 (1936).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alvim, P. de T.: Estimulo de la floraciôn y fructification del cafeto por aspersiones con acido gibberellico. Turrialba (Turrialba, Costa Rica) 8, 64–72 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alvim, P. de T.: Moisture stress as a requirement for flowering of coffee. Science 132, 354 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, D. G., H. A. Stafford, E. E. Conn and B. Vennesland: The distribution in higher plants of triphosphopyridine nucleotide-linked enzyme systems capable of reducing glutathione. Plant Physiol. 27, 675–684 (1952).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anet, E. F. L. J., and T. M. Reynolds: Isolation of l-quinic acid from the peach fruit. Nature (Lond.) 172, 1188–1189 (1953).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anet, E. F. L. J., and T. M. Reynolds: Watersoluble constituents of fruit. II. The separation of acids on anion exchange resins: the isolation of l-quinic acid from apricots. Austral. J. Chem. 8, 267–275 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Archb, H. K.: Chemical studies in the physiology of apples. XII. Ripening processes in the apple and the relation of time of gathering to the chemical changes in cold storage. Ann. Bot. 46, 407–459 (1932).

    Google Scholar 

  • Arens, P.: Periodische Blütenbildung bei einigen Orchideen. Ann. Jard. bot. Buitenzorg 32, 103–124 (1923).

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnal, C.: Remarques sur la déterminisme du sexe à propos d’un Saule androgyne. Ann. Univ. Saraviensis (Saarbrücken) 1, 80–87 (1952a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnal, C.: Essai sur la répartition des sexes chez le Carex. Ann. Univ. Saraviensis (Saarbrücken) 1, 102–114 (1952b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Arndt, C. H.: Configuration and some effects of light and gravity on Coffea arabica L. Amer. J. Bot. 16, 173–178 (1929).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arnold, C. G.: Die Blütenöffnung bei Oenothera in Abhängigkeit vom Licht-Dunkelrhythmus. Planta (Berl.) 53, 198–211 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ash, A. S. F., and T. M. Reynolds: Water-soluble constituents of fruit. I. Some observations and the occurrence of free galacturonic acid in fruit. Austral. J. biol. Sci. 7, 435–443 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Auclair, J. L., and C. A. Jamieson: A qualitative analysis of amino acids in pollen collected by bees. Science 108, 357–358 (1948).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bacharach, A. L., and M. E. Coates: The vitamin P activity of some fruits and fruit products. (Abstr.) Biochem. J. 38, 2 (1944).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bain, J. M., and R. N. Robertson: The physiology of growth in apple fruits. I. Cell size, cell number and fruit development. Austral. J. Sci. Res. B 4, 75–91 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bajer, A., and J. Molè-Bajer: Endosperm, material for study on the physiology of cell division. Acta Soc. bot. Polon. 23, 69–111 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ballard, W. S., J. R. Magness and L. A. Hawkins: Internal browning of the yellow Newton apple. U.S. Dep. Agric. Bull. No 1104 (1922).

    Google Scholar 

  • Barlow, H. W. B.: Studies in abscission. I. Factors affecting the inhibition of abscission by synthetic growth-substances. J. exp. Bot. 1, 264–281 (1950).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barnell, H. R.: Studies in tropical fruits. VIII. Carbohydrate metabolism of the banana fruit during development. Ann. Bot., N. S. 4, 39–71 (1940).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barnes, H. M., J. R. Feldman and W. V. White: Isochlorogenic acid. Isolation from coffee and structure studies. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 72, 4178–4182 (1950).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Batalin, A.: Über die Untersuchungen der periodischen Bewegungen der Blumen und Laubblätter. Flora (Regensburg) 31, 433–441 (1873).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bathurst, N. O.: The amino-acids of grass pollen. J. exp. Bot. 5, 253–256 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Batjer, L. P., H. D. Billingsley, M. N. Westwood and B. L. Rogers: Predicting harvest size of apples at different times during the growing season. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 70, 46–57 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Baur, E.: Einführung in die Vererbungslehre, 7.—11. edn. Berlin: Bornträger 1930.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bayliss, W. M., and E. Starling: The chemical regulation of the secretory process. Proc. roy. Soc. B 73, 310–322 (1904).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bean, R. C., and G. W. Todd: Photosynthesis and respiration in developing fruits. I. C14O2 uptake by young oranges in light and in dark. Plant Physiol. 35, 425–429 (1960).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beauchesne, G.: Recherches sur les substances de croissance du maïs immature. Rev. gén. Bot. 68, 492–580 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell, T. A.: Pectolytic enzyme activity in various parts of the cucumber plant and fruit. Bot. Gaz. 113, 216–221 (1951).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Belval, H.: Les transformations des glucides dans le Bananier; formation et disparition de l’amidon. Rev. gén. Bot. 44, 513–525 (1932).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bernstein, L.: Amylases and carbohydrates in developing maize endosperm. Amer. J. Bot. 30, 517–526 (1943).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Biale, J. B.: Postharvest physiology and biochemistrv of fruits. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 1, 183–206 (1950).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Biddulph, O., and D. H. Brown: Growth and phosphorus accumulation in cotton flowers as affected by meiosis and fertilization. Amer. J. Bot. 32, 182–188 (1945).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bigelow, W. D., and H. C. Gore: The ripening of peaches. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 27, 915–922 (1905).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bisson, C. S., and H. A. Jones: Changes accompanying fruit development in the garden pea. Plant Physiol. 7, 91–105 (1932).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blaaitw, A. H., I. Luyten u. A. M. Hartsema: Die Grundzahl der Tulpenblüte in ihrer Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur. I. Proc. kon. ned. Akad. Wet. 35, 485–497 (1932).

    Google Scholar 

  • Blakeslee, A. F., and S. Satina: New hybrids from incompatible crosses in Datura through culture of excised embryos on malt media. Science 99, 331–334 (1944).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bobko, E. V., and V. V. Zerling: Influence du bore sur le développement reproductif des plantes. Ann. Agron. 8, 174–184 (1938).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borriss, H., u. K. Bussmann: Über die Bedeutung des Wuchsstoffes für die Bewegungen der Blüten- und Fruchtstiele von Calandrinia grandiflora. Jb. wiss. Bot. 88, 519–544 (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  • Borthwick, H. A., and X. J. Scully: Photoperiodic responses of hemp. Bot. Gaz. 116, 14–29 (1954).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bourdu, R.: Contribution à l’étude du métabolisme glucidique des Borraginées. Rev. gén. Bot. 63, 153–192, 197–260 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourdu, R.: L’amidon et les sucres solubles chez Arum ium Mill. Rev. gén. Bot. 66, 209–255 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bourdu, R.: La galactoside des fleurs de Lupin (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet, var. cruckshanskii Hook, hybride). C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 250, 1331–1333 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowman, F. T.: The influence of early times of fruit removal on the growth and composition of alternate-bearing sugar prune trees with special reference to blossom bud formation. J. Pomol. and hort. Sci. 19, 34–77 (1941).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bradbury, D.: A comparative study of the developing and aborting fruits of Prunus cerasus. Amer. J. Bot. 16, 525–542 (1929).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brakke, M. K., and L. G. Nickell: Lack of effect of plant-growth regulators on the action of alpha-amylase secreted by virus tumor tissue. Bot. Gaz. 113, 482–484 (1952).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brase, K. D.: The vascular anatomy of the flower of Malus domestica Borkh. F. apetala Van Eseltine. Dissert. (Master’s), Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y. 1937.

    Google Scholar 

  • Breslavetz, L. P.: Abnormal development of pollen in different races and grafts of hemp. Genetica 17, 154–169 (1935).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brink, R. A.: The physiology of pollen. I. The requirements for growth. II. Further considerations regarding the requirements for growth. III. Growth in vitro and in vivo. IV. Chemotropism; effects on growth of grouping grains; formation and function of callose plugs; summary and conclusions. Amer. J. Bot. 11, 218–228, 283–294, 351–364, 417–436 (1924).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Britten, E. J.: The effect of naphthaleneacetic acid on the developing maize caryopsis. Amer. J. Bot. 34, 211–218 (1947).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, R. M.: A growth study of the almond fruit. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 37, 193–197 (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brunel, A., et R. Echevin: Les uréides glyoxyliques dans l’évolution de la fleur et du fruit d’Acer pseudo-Platanus L. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 207, 592–594 (1938).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bryan, J. D.: Organic acids of some common fruits. Agric. andhort. Res. Stat., Long Ashton, Bristol, Ann. Rep. for 1946, pp. 138–140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bukovac, M. J., and S. H. Wittwer: Gibberellin modification of flower sex expression in Cucumis sativus L. In: Adv. in Chem. Ser. (R. F. Gould, ed.), vol. 28 (Gibberellins), pp. 80–88, Washington, D.C.: Amer. Chem. Soc. 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burk, E. F.: The role of pistil length in the development of forcing tomatoes. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 26, 239–240 (1930).

    Google Scholar 

  • Buttrose, M. S., and L. H. May: Physiology of cereal grain. I. The source of carbon for the developing barley kernel. Austral. J. Biol. Sci. 12, 40–52 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cameron, J. W., and H. J. Teas: Carbohydrate relationships in developing and mature endosperms of brittle and related maize genotypes. Amer. J. Bot. 41, 50–55 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Camp, W. H.: Catalase activity and sex in plants. Amer. J. Bot. 16, 221–224 (1929).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, C.: Un caso di pertenocarpia nell’olivio? Nuovo Giorn. bot. ital. 19, 86–89 (1912).

    Google Scholar 

  • Camus, G.: Recherches sur le rôle des bourgeons dans les phénomènes de morphogénèse. Rev. Cytol. et Biol. végét. 11, 1–199 (1949).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caplin, S. M., and F. C. Steward: Effect of coconut milk on the growth of expiants from carrot root. Science 108, 655–657 (1948).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carangal, A. R., Jr., E. K. Alban and R. C. Burrell: The influence of mineral nutrition on the organic acids of the tomato, Lycopersicum esculentum. Plant Physiol. 29, 355–360 (1954).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carano, E.: Ulteriori osservazioni su Euphorbia dulcis L., in rapporto col suo comportamento apomittico. Ann. di Bot. 17, 50–79 (1926).

    Google Scholar 

  • Carles, J.: L’évolution des glucides du blé. Bull. Soc. bot. France 103, 137–142 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carr, D. J., and K. G. M. Skene: Diauxic growth curves of seeds, with special reference to French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Austral. J. Biol. Sci. 14, 1–12 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Carré, M. H., and A. S. Horne: An investigation of the behavior of pectic materials in apples and other plant tissues. Ann. Bot. 41, 193–237 (1927).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cathey, H. M.: Chrysanthemum temperature study. B. Thermal modifications of photoperiods previous to and after flower bud initiation. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 64, 492–498 (1954a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cathey, H. M.: C. The effect of night, day, and mean temperature upon the flowering of Chrysanthemum morifolium. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 64, 499–502 (1954b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cathey, H. M.: D. Effect of temperature shifts upon the spray formation and flowering time of Chrysanthemum morifolium. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 66, 386–391 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cathey, H. M.: F. The effect of temperature upon the critical photoperiod necessary for the initiation and development of flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort, Sci. 69, 485–491 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cathey, H. M., and N. W. Stuart: Growth and flowering of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. as affected by time of application of gibberellic acid. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 71, 547–554 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Champigny, M. L.: Variations de la composition minérale du périanthe de Narcissus pseudo-narcissus au cours de son développement. Rev. gén. Bot, 60, 475–484 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chandler, C.: The effect of gibberellic acid on germination and pollen tube growth. Contr. Boyce Thompson Inst. 19, 215–223 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chouard, P.: Sur les conditions photopériodiques et thermopériodiques des divers modes de floraison des Violettes Viola hirta L. et silvestris Lam. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 224, 1523–1525 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  • Chouard, P.: Diversité des tvpes de comportement en photo- et en thermo-périodisme dans le genre Viola (Violettes et Pensées). C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 226, 1831–1833 (1948).

    Google Scholar 

  • Choudhri, R. S., and R. Krishan: Sex differentiation in Zea mays. Sci. and Cult. (Calcutta) 11, 472–473 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  • Clendenning, K. A.: The respiratory and ripening behavior of the tomato fruit on the plant. Canad. J. Res. C 20, 197–203 (1942).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cochran, H. L.: Some factors influencing growth and fruit setting in pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.). Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Stat. Mem. No 190 (1936).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cockefair, E. A.: The role of phosphorus in the metabolism of plants. Amer. J. Bot. 18, 582–597 (1931).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Combes, R.: Étude biochimique de la fleur. La nutrition minérale de la corolle. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 200, 578–580 (1935a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Combes, R.: La nutrition azotée de la fleur. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 200, 1970–1972 (1935b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Combes, R.: La nutrition glucidique de la corolle. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 203, 1282–1284 (1936).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Connors, C. H.: Growth of fruits of peach. X. J. Agric. Exp. Stat, Ann. Rep. 40, 82–89 (1919).

    Google Scholar 

  • Coombe, B. G.: Relationship of growth and development to changes in sugars, auxins and gibberellins in fruit of seeded and seedless varieties of Vitis vinifera. Plant Physiol. 32, 241–250 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coombe, B. G.: The effect of removing leaves, flowers and shoot tips on fruit-set in Vitis vinifera L. J. hort. Sci. 37, 1–15 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, D. C.: Haploid-diploid twin embryos in Lilium and Nicotiana. Amer. J. Bot. 30, 408–413 (1943).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, W.C.: Vitamins and the germination of pollen grains and fungus spores. Bot. Gaz. 100, 844–852 (1939).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corcoran, M. R. (M. Ritzel), and B. O. Phinney: Changes in amounts of gibberellin-like substances in developing seed of Echinocystis, Lupinus and Phaseolus. Physiol. Plantarum (Cph.) 15, 252–262 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corner, E. J. H.: The Durian theory extended. L Phytomorphology 3, 465–476 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  • Corner, E. J. H.: The Durian theory extended. II. The arillate fruit and the compound leaf. Phytomorphology 4, 152–165 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Correns, C.: Bestimmung, Vererbung und Verteilung des Geschlechtes bei den höheren Pflanzen. In: Handbuch der Vererbungswissenschaft (E. Baur and M. Hartmann, eds.), vol. HC (fasc. 3). Berlin: Borntraeger 1928.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corse, J.: A new isomer of chlorogenic acid from peaches. Nature (Lond.) 172, 771–773 (1953).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coster, C.: Periodische Blüteerscheinungen in den Tropen. Ann. Jard. bot. Buitenzorg 35, 125–162 (1926).

    Google Scholar 

  • Crane, J. C.: Fruit growth of four fig varieties as measured by diameter and fresh weight. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 62, 237–244 (1948).

    Google Scholar 

  • Crane, J. C.: Ovary-wall development as influenced by growth regulators inducing parthenocarpy in the Calimyrna fig. Bot. Gaz. 114, 102–107 (1952).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crane, J. C.: Further responses of the apricot to 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid applications. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 61, 163–174 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crane, J. C., M. V. Bradley and L.C. Luckwill: Auxins in parthenocarpic and non-parthenocarpic figs. J. hort. Sci. 34, 142–153 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crane, J. C., and R. M. Brooks: Growth of apricot fruits as influenced by 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid application. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 59, 218–224 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  • Crane, J. C., and R. C. Campbell: Breaking rest and inducing parthenocarpy in the Calimyrna fig with gibberellin. Proc. 15th internat, hort. Congr., (Nice), vol. 2, pp. 204–209 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Crane, J. C., and N. Grossi: Fruit and vegetative responses of the Mission fig to gibberellin. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 76, 139–145 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crane, J.C., P. E. Primer and R.C. Campbell: Gibberellin induced parthenocarpy in Prunus. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 75, 129–137 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crane, J.C., and P. Punsri: Comparative growth of the endosperm and embryo in unsprayed and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid sprayed Royal and Tilton apricots. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 68, 96–104 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Crane, M. B., and E. Marks: Pear-apple hybrids. Nature (Lond.) 170, 1016–1017 (1952).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crete, P.: La parthénogénèse chez le Sicyos angulata L. (Cucurbitacées). Bull. Soc. bot. France 105, 18–19 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Crosby, E. A., and J. C. Crane: The relationship of the carbohydrate cycle to the expression of parthenocarpy in Mission and Adriatic figs. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 59, 196–206 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  • Crowe, A.D.: Growth substances in the fower and fruitlet of the apple. Doct. dissert., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N. Y. 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • D’Amato, F.: Osservazioni morfologiche e istologiche sulla partenocarpia sperimentale da acido naftalenacetico in alcune Monocotiledoni. Agric. ital., N. S. 10, 203–218 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dannenburg, W. N., and J. L. Liverman: Conversion of tryptophan-2-C14 to indoleacetic acid by watermelon tissue slices. Plant Physiol. 32, 263–369 (1957).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • David, J. J., B. S. Luh and G. L. Marsh: Organic acids in peaches. Food Res. 21, 184–194 (1956).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, D., J. Deak and J. W. Rothrock: The effect of gibberellins on vegetative growth anf flowering habit of geranium. N. Y. State Flower Growers Bull. No 142, 3, 5 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Davison, R. M.: Fruit-setting of apples using gibberellic acid. Nature (Lond.) 188, 681–682 (1960).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dearborn, R. B.: Nitrogen nutrition and chemical composition in relation to growth and fruiting of the cucumber plant. Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Stat. Mem. No 192 (1936).

    Google Scholar 

  • Degman, E. S.: Effect of boron sprays on fruit set and yield of Anjou pears. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 62, 167–172 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dennis, F. G., Jr., and L. J. Edgerton: Induction of parthenocarpy in the apple with gibberellin and the effects of supplementary auxin application. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 80, 58–63 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeRopp, R. S., J. C. Vitucci, B.L. Hutchings and J.H. Williams: Effect of coconut milk fractions on growth of carrot tissues. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N. Y.) 81, 704–705 (1952).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doak, B. W.: Changes in the carbohydrate and nitrogenous constituents of cuttings as affected by hormone treatment. I. N. Z. J. Sci. Technol. B 22, 192–198 (1941).

    Google Scholar 

  • Donen, I.: The role of sorbitol in the carbon metabolism of the Kelsey plum. I. Changes in chemical composition during growth and storage. Biochem. J. 33, 1611–1620 (1939).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doorenbos, J.: Daglengte en bloei bij Chrysanthemum morifolium. Med. Direct. Tuinbouw (The Hague) 18, 375–390 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dorland, R. E., and F. W. Went: Plant growth under controlled conditions. VIII. Growth and fruiting of the Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum). Amer. J. Bot. 34, 393–401 (1947).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ducet, G.: Étude des variations des différentes formes de la choline au cours de la croissance de quelques végétaux. Doct. dissert. Univ., Paris 1949.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duhamet, L.: Action du lait de coco sur la croissance des tissus de crown-gall de scorsonère cultivés in vitro. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 230, 770–771 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  • Duhamet, L., et C. Mentzer: Essais d’isolement des substances excito-formatrices du lait de coco. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 241, 86–88 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, R. E., and J. T. Curtis: Intermittent growth of fruits of Phalaenopsis. A correlation of the growth phases of an orchid fruit with internal development. Bull. Torrey bot. Club 69, 167–183 (1942a).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, R. E., and J. T. Curtis: Intermittent growth of fruits of Cypripedium and Paphiopedilum. A correlation of the growth of the orchid fruits with their internal development. Bull. Torrey bot. Club 69, 353–359 (1942b).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, F. J., and C. R. Dawson: On the nature of ascorbic acid oxidase. J. biol. Chem. 189, 485–497 (1951).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duvick, D. N.: Free amino acids in the developing endosperm of maize. Amer. J. Bot. 39, 656–661 (1952).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duvick, D. N.: Phosphorylase in the maize endosperm. Bot, Gaz. 115, 82–85 (1953).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eaton, F. M.: Selective gametocide opens way to hybrid cotton. Science 126, 1174–1175 (1957).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edmond, J. B.: Seasonal variations in sex expression of certain cucumber varieties. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 27, 329–332 (1930).

    Google Scholar 

  • Egler, F. E.: The fructus and the fruit, Chron. bot. 7, 391–395 (1943).

    Google Scholar 

  • Eguchi, T.: Effect of the day-length upon the time of differentiation of flower bud and the subsequent development to flower. Proc. Imp. Acad. (Jap.) 13, 332–333 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  • El Tabey, A. M., and W. V. Cruess: The oxidase of the apricot. Plant Physiol. 24, 307–316 (1949).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Emerson, S.: Growth of incompatible pollen tubes in Oenothera organensis. Bot. Gaz. 101, 890–911 (1940).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erickson, R. O.: Respiration of developing anthers. Nature (Lond.) 159, 275 (1947).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Erickson, R. O.: Cytological and growth correlations in the flower bud and anther of Lilium longiflorum. Amer. J. Bot. 35, 729–739 (1948).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Euler, H. v., u. J. v. Euler: Über katalytische Wirkungen pflanzlicher Zellen. Ark. Kemi, Mineral., Geol. 26 A, No 22 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, L. T.: The influence of environmental conditions on inflorescence development in some long-day grasses. New Phytol. 59, 163–174 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evreinoff, V.A. : Malus pumila Mill., f. apetala Münchh. Rev. hort. 25, 369–371 (1935).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ewing, E. C.: A study of certain environmental factors and vairetal differences influencing the fruiting of cotton. Miss. Agric. Exp. Stat. Tech. Bull. No 8 (1918).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fagerlind, F.: Hormonale Substanzen als Ursache der Frucht- und Embryobildung bei pseudogamen Hosta-Biotypen. Svensk bot. Tidskr. 40, 230–234 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  • Faull, A. F.: Some factors in pollen germination: calcium salts, dextrose, drying. J. Arnold Arbor. 36, 171–178 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fitting, H.: Die Beeinflussung der Orchideenblüten durch die Bestäubung und durch andere Umstände. Z. Bot. 1, 1–86 (1909).

    Google Scholar 

  • Floren, G.: Untersuchungen über Blütenfarbmuster und Blütenfärbungen. Flora (Jena) 135, 65–100 (1941).

    Google Scholar 

  • Floren, G.: La Forge see under L.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foster, T. S., and H. Stern: Soluble deoxyribosidic compounds in relation to duplication of deoxyribonucleic acids. Science 128, 653–657 (1958).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Franco, C. M.: Fotoperiodismo em cafeeiro (C. arabica L.). Rev. Inst. de Café do Est. de S. Paulo (Brazil) 15, 1586–1592 (1940).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fukui, H. N., J. E. de Vries, S. H. Wittwer and H. M. Sell: Ethvl-3-indoleacetate: an artefact in extract of immature corn kernels. Nature (Lond.) 180, 1205 (1957).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fukui, H. N., F. G. Teubner, S. H. Wittwer and H. M. Sell: Growth substances in corn pollen. Plant Physiol. 33, 144–146 (1958).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galinat, W. C., and A. W. Naylor: Relation of photoperiod to inflorescence proliferation in Zea mays L. Amer. J. Bot. 38, 38–47 (1951).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Galun, E.: Effect of seed treatment on sex expression in cucumber. Experientia (Basel) 12, 218 (1956).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galun, E.: The role of auxins in the sex expression of the cucumber. Physiol. Plantarum (Cph.) 12, 48–60 (1959a).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Galun, E.: Effects of gibberellic acid and naphthaleneacetic acid on sex expression and some morphological characters in the cucumber plant. Phyton (Vicente Lopez, Argent.) 13, 1–8 (1959b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Galun, E., Y. Jung and A. Lang: Culture and sex modification of male cucumber buds in vitro. Nature (Lond.) 194, 596–598 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gandar, J. C.: Evolution des substances de croissance de la graine et de la gousse de pois au cours de leur développement. Ann. Physiol. végét. 2, 255–260 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardella, C.: Overcoming barriers to crossability due to style length. Amer. J. Bot. 37, 219–224 (1950).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, F. E.: Growth substances in relation to the production of tree fruits. In: Plant growth substances (F. Skoog, ed.), pp. 207–223. Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Press 1951.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, F. E., and E.J. Kraus: Histological comparison of fruits developing parthenocarpically and following pollination. Bot. Gaz. 99, 355–376 (1937).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gatet, L.: Recherches biochimiques sur la maturation des fruits. Ann. Physiol. Physicochim. biol. 15, 984–1064 (1939).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gerber, C.: Recherches sur la maturation des fruits charnus. Doct. dissert. Univ., Paris 1897.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gessner, F.: Die Blüteöffnung der Victoria regia in ihrer Beziehung zum Licht. Planta (Berl.) 54, 453–465 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Girard, A., et L. Lindet: Recherches sur le développement progressif de la grappe de raisin. Ann. Sci. Agron., Ser. II, 2, 179–259 (1899).

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldacre, P. L., and W. Bottomley: A kinin in apple fruitlets. Nature (Lond.) 184, 555–556 (1959).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Golinska, J.: Recherches sur la croissance des fruits et la fructification des concombres (Cucumis sativus). Acta Soc. Bot. Polon. 3, 97–114 (1925).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gouwentak, C. A.: Cambial activity as dependent on the presence of growth hormone and the non-resting condition of stems. Proc. kon. ned. Akad. Wet. 44, 654–663 (1941).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gregory, W. C.: Experimental studies on the cultivation of excised anthers in nutrient solution. Amer. J. Bot. 27, 687–692 (1940).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Griesel, W. O., and J. B. Biale: Respiratory trends in perianth segments of Magnolia grandiflora. Amer. J. Bot. 45, 660–663 (1958).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Griggs, W. H., and B. T. Iwakiri: Effects of gibberellin and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid sprays on Bartlett pear trees. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 77, 73–89 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guichard, C.: Contribution à l’étude des glucides de la vigne et des certains fruits. Rev. gén. Bot. 61, 16–65, 96–127 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guichard, C.: Contribution à l’étude des acides organiques chez les végétaux par Chromatographie de partage sur papier. Rev. gén. Bot. 62, 117–123 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guignard, L.: Sur la pollination et ses effets chez les orchidées. Ann. Sci. nat. 4, 202–240 (1886).

    Google Scholar 

  • Guillaume, A., et J. Adnot: Variations de la teneur en acide citrique et en matières sucrées dans les fruits de cassis suivant les degrés de maturité. Ann. Falsif. et Fraudes 26, 75–78 (1933).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gustafson, F. G.: Growth studies on fruits. Plant Physiol. 1, 265–272 (1926).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gustafson, F. G.: Growth studies on fruits. Respiration of tomato fruits. Plant Physiol. 4, 349–356 (1929).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gustafson, F. G.: Inducement of fruit development by growth promoting chemicals. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 22, 628–636 (1936).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gustafson, F. G.: Parthenocarpy induced by pollen extracts. Amer. J. Bot. 24, 102–107 (1937).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gustafson, F. G.: The cause of natural parthenocarpy. Amer. J. Bot. 26, 135–138 (1939a).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gustafson, F. G.: Auxin distribution in fruits and its significance in fruit development. Amer. J. Bot. 26, 189–194 (1939b).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gustafson, F. G.: Parthenocarpy: natural and artificial. Bot. Rev. 8, 599–654 (1942).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gustafson, F. G., I. Clark, D. A. Shaw and E. Warweg: Catalase activity in tomato fruits at different stages of their development. Plant Physiol. 7, 155–160 (1932).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Györffy, B., G. Rédei et G. Rédei: La substance de croissance du mais laiteux. Acta bot. (Budapest) 2, 57–76 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Haagen-Smit, A. J., W. B. Dandliker, S. H. Wittwer and A. E. Murneek: Isolation of 3-indoleacetic acid from immature corn kernels. Amer. J. Bot. 33, 118–120 (1946).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, W. C.: The effect of emasculation in relation to nitrogen supply during the ontogeny of the gherkin. Amer. J. Bot. 36, 740–746 (1949a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, W. C.: Effects of photoperiod and nitrogen supply on growth and reproduction in the gherkin. Plant Physiol. 24, 753–769 (1949b).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamner, K. C.: Interrelation of light and darkness in photoperiodic induction. Bot. Gaz. 101, 658–687 (1940).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hannig, E.: Zur Physiologie pflanzlicher Embryonen. I. Über die Kultur von Cruciferen-Embryonen außerhalb des Embryosacks. Bot. Ztg 62, 45–80 (1904).

    Google Scholar 

  • Harada, H.: Etude des substances naturelles de croissance en relation avec la floraison. Rev. gén. Bot. 69, 201–300 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Harada, H., and J. P. Nitsch: Changes in endogenous growth substances during flower development. Plant Physiol. 34, 409–415 (1959).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harada, H., and J. P. Nitsch: Isolement et propriétés physiologiques d’une substance de montaison. Ann. Physiol. végét. 3, 193–208 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Harder, R.: Über die Musterbildung an Petunienbluten. Nachr. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen, math.-nat. Kl., N. F., Fachgr. VI (Biol.) 1, 5–9 (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  • Harder, R.: Über Fab- und Musteränderungen bei Blüten. Naturwissenschaften 26, 713–722 (1938).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harder, R., u. G. Gümmer: Infloreszenzverlaubung und Größe des Blühimpulses bei Kalanchoë blossfeldiana. Biol. Zbl. 68, 435–451 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Harder, R., H. v. Witsch u. O. Bode: Über Erzeugung einseitig und allseitig verlaubter Infloreszenzen durch photo-periodische Behandlung von Laubblättern. (Untersuchungen an Kalanchoë bloss feldiana.) Jb. wiss. Bot. 90, 546–591 (1942).

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, O. W., and C. L. Smith: Chemical thinning of pecan nut crops. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 70, 204–208 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, R. W., and C. J. Hansen: The effects of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid on the development and maturation of the French prune. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 66, 73–78 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hartmann, H. T.: Spray thinning of olives with naphthaleneacetic acid. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 59, 187–195 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartsema, A. M., I. Luten and A. H. Blaauw: De optimale temperaturen van bloemaanleg tot bloei. Proc. kon. ned. Akad. Wet. 27, 1–46 (1930).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hatcher, E. S. J.: Studies in the vernalization of cereals. IX. Auxin production during the development and ripening of the anther and carpel of spring and winter rye. Ann. Bot., N. S. 9, 236–266 (1945).

    Google Scholar 

  • Havis, A. L.: A developmental analysis of the strawberry fruit. Amer. J. Bot. 30, 311–314 (1943).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hay, J. G., and J. B. Pridham: Free xylose in fruits. Nature (Lond.) 172, 207 (1953).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayase, H.: Physiological studies on the pollination of the genus Cucurbita with special reference to the fertilizing power of pollen and anther dehiscence. Hokkaido Nat. Agric. Exp. Stat. Rep. No 54 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hecht, A.: Growth of pollen tubes of Oenothera organensis through otherwise incompatible styles. Amer. J. Bot. 47, 32–36 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heinicke, A. J.: Factors influencing the abscission of flowers and partially developed fruits of the apple (Pyrus malus L.). Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Stat. Bull. No 393, pp. 43–114 (1917).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hellmers, H., and L. Machlis: Exogenous substrate utilization and fermentation by the pollen of Pinus ponderosa. Plant Physiol. 31, 284–289 (1956).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hemberg, T.: Establishment of acid growth-inhibiting substances in plant extracts containing auxins by means of the Avena test. Physiol. Plantarum (Cph.) 4, 437–445 (1951).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herich, R.: Gibberellin and sex differentiation of flowering plants. Nature (Lond.) 188, 599–600 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herk, A. W. H. van: Die chemischen Vorgänge in Sauromatumkolhen. Rec. Trav. bot. néerl. 34, 69–156 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  • Herrmann, K.: Über das Vorkommen von Kaffeesäure und Chlorogensäure in Obst und Gemüse. Naturwissenschaften 43, 109 (1956).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heslop-Harrison, J.: Auxin and sexuality in Cannabis saliva. Physiol. Plantarum (Cph.) 9, 588–597 (1956).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heslop-Harrison, J.: The experimental modification of sex expression in flowering plants. Biol. Rev. 32, 38–90 (1957 a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heslop-Harrison, J.: The physiology of reproduction in Dactylorchis. I. Auxin and the control of meiosis, ovule formation and ovary growth. Bot. Not. (Lund) 110, 28–48 (1957b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heslop-Harrison, J., and Y. Heslop-Harrison: Studies on flowering plant growth and organogenesis. I. Morphogenetic effects of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid on Cannabis sativa. Proc. roy. Soc. Edinb. B 66, 409–423 (1957a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heslop-Harrison, J., and Y. Heslop-Harrison: II. The modification of sex expression in Cannabis sativa by carbon monoxide. Proc. roy. Soc. Edinb. B 66, 424–434 (1957b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heslop-Harrison, J., and Y. Heslop-Harrison: Carbon monoxide and sexuality in Mercurialis ambigua L. fils. New Phytologist 56, 352–355 (1957c).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heslop-Harrison, J., and Y. Heslop-Harrison: Photoperiod, auxin and sex balance in a long-day plant. Nature (Lond.) 181, 100–102 (1958a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heslop-Harrison, J., and Y. Heslop-Harrison: Long-day and auxin induced male sterility in Silee pendula. Portug. Acta biol. A 5, 79–94 (1958b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hibbard, A. D., and A. E. Murneek: Thinning peaches with hormone sprays. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 56, 65–69 (1950).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hield, H. Z., C. W. Coggins Jr., and M. J. Garber: Gibberellin tested of citrus. Calif. Agric. 12, No 5, 9–11 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hildebrand, F.: Die Fruchtbildung der Orchideen, ein Beweis für die doppelte Wirkung des Pollens. Bot. Ztg 21, 329–333, 337–345 (1863).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirst, E. L., F. A. Isherwood, M. A. Jermyn and J. K. N. Jones: Pear cell wall cellulose. J. chem. Soc. (Lond.) 1949, 182–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holdsworth, M.: The flowering of rain flowers. J. W.Afr. Sci. Ass. 7, 28–36 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hori, T., and M. Fujii: On the growth substance economy before and after flowering in each organ of Portulaca grandiflora Hook. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 74, 357–360 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hostermann, G.: Berichte über die Tätigkeit der wissenschaftlichen Institute. I. Pflanzenphysiologische Versuchsstation. Ber. Kgl. Gartenlehranst. Dahlem 1912, 85–106; 1913, 54–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horn, C. L.: Existence of only one variety of cultivated mangosteen explained by asexually formed “seeds”. Science 92, 237–238 (1940).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Houghtaling, H. B.: A developmental analysis of size and shape in tomato fruits. Bull. Torrey bot. Club 62, 243–252 (1935).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Howlett, F. S.: Factors affecting fruit setting. I. Stayman Winesap. Ohio Agric. Exp. Stat. Bull. No 483 (1931).

    Google Scholar 

  • Howlett, F. S.: The modification of flower structure by enyironment in varieties of Lycopersicum esculentum. J. agric. Res. 58, 79–117 (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsiang, T.-H. T.: Physiological and biochemical changes accompanying pollination in orchid flowers. I. General observations and water relations. Plant Physiol. 26, 441–455 (1951a).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hsiang, T.-H. T.: II. Respiration, catalase activity, and chemical constituents. Plant Physiol. 26, 708–721 (1951b).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hulme, A. C.: The metabolism of nitrogen by apple fruits during development on the tree and in storage. Rep. Food Investig. Board for 1934, pp. 135–143 (1935).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hulme, A. C.: The metabolism of nitrogen in the apple fruit. Rep. Food Investig. Board for 1936, pp. 126–131 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hulme, A. C.: Data for the study of the metabolism of apples during growth and storage. II. J. hort. Sci. 25, 277–288 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hulme, A. C.: The isolation of L-quinic acid from the apple fruit. J. exp. Bot. 2, 298–315 (1951).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hulme, A. C.: The isolation of L-citramalic acid from the peel of the apple fruit. Biochim. biophys. Acta 14, 36–43 (1954a).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hulme, A. C.: The oxidation of citramalic and β-hydroxyglutaric acid to acetoacetic acid and the possible significance of citramalic acid in plant metabolism. Biochim. biophys. Acta 14, 44–51 (1954b).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hulme, A. C.: Organic acids in the apple fruit. 8ème Congr. internat. Bot. (Paris), Rapp. et Comm. parvenus avant le Congr., Sect. 11, pp. 394–398 (1954c).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hulme, A. C.: Shikimic acid in apple fruits. Nature (Lond.) 178, 991–992 (1956).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hulme, A. C.: Quinic and shikimic acids in fruits. Qualitas Plant, et Materiae vegetab. (The Hague) 3/4, 468–473 (1958).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hume, A. C. and W. Arthington: γ-Aminobutyric acid and β-alanine in plant tissues. Nature (Lond.) 165, 716–717 (1950).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hume, A. C. and W. Arthington: New amino-acids in young apple fruits. Nature (Lond.) 170, 659 (1952).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hume, A. C. and W. Arthington: The oxidation of quinic acid. J. exp. Bot. 4, 129–135 (1953).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hume, A. C. and W. Arthington: Methyl proline in young apple fruits. Nature (Lond.) 173, 588 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hulme, A. C. and L. S. C. Wooltorton: The organic acid metabolism of apple fruits: changes in individual acids during growth on the tree. J. Sci. Food and Agric. 8, 117–122 (1957).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hyde, E. O. C., M. A. McLeavey and G. S. Harris: Seed development in rye grass and in red and white clover. N.Z. J. agric. Res. 2, 947–952 (1959).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Inagaki, T.: Vitamin C in fruit-juice products. I. Influence of the process of preparing canned tomato juice on the vitamin C content. J. agric. chem. Soc. Japan 15, 903–914 (1939).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Irreverre, F., R. L. Evans, A. R. Hayden and R. Silber: Occurrence of γ-guanidinobutyric acid. Nature (Lond.) 180, 704–705 (1957).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ito, H., and T. Kato: Factors responsible for the sex expression of Japanese cucumber. J. hort. Ass. Japan 22, 138–144 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ito, H., and T. Saito: Factors responsible for the sex expression of Japanese cucumber. IV. The role of auxin on the plant growth and sex expression (2). J. hort. Ass. Japan 25, 141–151 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ito, H., and T. Saito: XII. Physiological factors associated with the sex expression of flowers. Tôhoku J. agric. Res. 11, 287–308 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Iwanami, Y.: Physiological researches of pollen. IX. The starch and the sugar in the pollen grain. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 69, 91–95 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs, W. P.: The role of auxin in differentiation of xyem around a wound. Amer. J. Bot. 39, 301–309 (1952).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs, W. P., and I.B. Morrow: A quantitative study of xylem development in the vegetative shoot apex of Coleus. Amer. J. Bot. 44, 823–842 (1957).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jaeger, P.: Les aspects actuels du problème de l’entomogamie. I. II. Bull. Soc. bot. France 104, 179–222, 352–412 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Janick, J., and E.C. Stevenson: Environmental influences on sex expression in monoecious lines of spinach. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 65, 614–422 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jansen, L. L., and J. Bonner: Development of fruits from excised flowers in sterile culture. (Abstr.) Amer. J. Bot. 36, 826 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, G., M. M. Mayer and D. K. Johnson: Isolation and characterization of peach tannins. Food Res. 16, 169–180 (1951).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, S. P., W. C. Hall and J. L. Liverman: Growth and fruiting responses of intact tomato plants to far-red radiation. Physiol. Plantarum (Cph.) 9, 389–395 (1956).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, K. L.: Studies in Ambrosia. IV. Effects of short photoperiod and temperature on sex expression. Amer. J. Bot. 34, 371–377 (1947).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Joslyn, M. A., and W. Stepka: The free amino acids of fruits. Food Res. 14, 459–467 (1949).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Juliano, J. B.: Embryos of Carabao mango, Mangifera indica L. Philipp. Agric. 25, 749–760 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaldewey, H.: Wachstumsverlauf, Wuchsstoffbildung und Nutationsbewegungen von Fritillaria meleagris L. im Laufe der Vegetationsperiode. Planta (Berl.) 49, 300–344 (1957).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kano, K., T. Fujimura, T. Hirose and Y. Tsukamoto: Studies on the thickening growth of garden fruits. I. On the cushaw, egg-plant and pepper. Mem. Res. Inst. Food Sci., Kyoto Univ. 1957, No 12, 45–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kasai, Z., Y. Anma and A. Okuda: The behavior of mineral nutrients absorbed by crops. II. Redistribution of mineral nutrients absorbed in crops during their development. Mem. Res. Inst. Food Sci., Kyoto Univ. No 12, 106–121 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kataryan, T. G., M. A. Drboglav, M. V. Davydova: The effect of gibberellic acid on different varieties of grape. [In Russ.] Fiziol. Rasteniĭ 7, 345–348; Engl. transln. (Wash., D.C.; Amer. Inst. biol. Sci.), pp. 284–287 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kato, Y.: Responses of plant cells to gibberellin. Bot. Gaz. 117, 16–24 (1955).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Katunskij, V. M.: On the causes of pre- and postfloral movements of peduncles and scapes (of the genera Palaver, Crepis and Tussilago). C. R. (Dokl.) Acad. Sci. URSS. 1936(a) 3 (N. S. 12), 343–346.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katunskij, V. M.: The development of the female gametopyhte and the production of a growth-promoting hormone by flower buds. C. R. (Dokl.) Acad. Sci. URSS. 1936(b) 3 (N. S. 12), 347–349.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaurov, I.A., I V. S. Vakula: The effect of gibberelline on the germination of the pollen of some tree species. [Russ. with Engl. summary.] Bot. Zh. 46, 1125–1133 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kendall, J. N.: Abscission of flowers and fruits in the Solanaceae with special reference to Nicotiana. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 5, 347–428 (1918).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerk, G. J. M. van der, M. H. van Raalte, A. K. Sijpesteun and R. van der Veen: A new type of plant growth-regulating substances. Nature (Lond.) 176, 308–310 (1955).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kerling, L. C. P.: The gregarious flowering of Zephyranthes rosea Lindl. Ann. bot. Gard. Buitenzorg 51, 1–42 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kidd, F.: Respiration of fruits. Nature (Lond.) 135, 327–330 (1935).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kidd, F., C. West, D. G. Griffiths and N. A. Potter: Metabolism of sucrose in apples. I. J. hort. Sci. 27, 179–191 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klämbt, H. D.: Untersuchungen über Entwicklung und Wuchsstoffhaushalt bei Ribes- Arten. I. Cytologische und Wuchsstoffphysiologische Untersuchungen der Samen je einer Kultursorte von Ribes nigrum L. und Ribes petraeum Wulf. X Ribes multiflorum Kit. nach Selbst- und Fremdbestäubung. Planta (Berl.) 50, 526–556 (1958).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klämbt, H. D.: Indol-3-acetylasparaginsäure, ein natürlich vorkommendes Indolderivat. Naturwissenschaften 47, 398–399 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klein, A. O., and C. W.Jr.: Hagen, Anthocyanin production in detached petals of Impatiens balsamina L. Plant Physiol. 36, 1–9 (1961).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knapp, R.: Über die Beeinflussung von Eigenschaften der Blüten und Infloreszenzen durch die Temperatur. Naturwissenschaften 44, 383 (1957).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi, A., H. Yukinaga, T. Fukushima and H. Wada: Studies on the thermal conditions of grapes. II. Effects of night temperatures on the growth, yield and quality of Delaware grapes. Bull. Pes. Inst. Food Sci., Kyoto Univ. 24, 29–42 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Koblet, R.: Untersuchungen über die stofflichen Veränderungen im wachsenden und reifenden Weizenkorn. Ber. Schweiz. bot. Ges. 50, 99–232 (1940).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kohman, E. F., and N. H. Sanborn: Isolation of quinic acid from fruits. Ind. and eng. Chem. 23, 126 (1931).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kopp, M.: Über das Sauerstoffbedürfnis wachsender Pflanzenzellen. Ber. Schweiz. bot. Ges. 58, 283–318 (1948).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kordan, H. A.: Proliferation of excised juice vesicles of lemon in vitro. Science 129, 779–780 (1958).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kordan, H. A.: Growth of citrus fruit tissue in vitro. Bull. Torrey bot. Cl. 89, 49–52 (1961).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kornilov, A. A.: How many light stages in wheat? [In Russ.] Fiziol. Rasteniĭ 6, 226–228; Engl. transln. (Wash., D.C.: Amer. Inst. biol. Sci.), pp. 239–241 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kovoor, A.: Action du jus de raisin sur la croissance des tissus de crown-gall de scorsonère cultivés in vitro. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 236, 309–311 (1953 a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kovoor, A.: Action stimulante de quelques extraits de fruits et de graines sur le développement des tissus de crown-gall de scorsonère, cultivés in vitro. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 237, 271–272 (1953b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kovoor, A.: Action de quelques substances stimulantes d’origine naturelle sur le développement des tissus végétaux cultivés in vitro. Année biol. 58 (N. S. 30), 417–429 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Krotkov, G., and V. Helson: Carbohydrate metabolism of Mcintosh apples during their development on tree and in cold storage. I. General trends. Canad. J. Res. C 23, 126–144 (1946).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, E.: Untersuchungen zur Frage einer hormonalen oder zellulären Geschlechtsdifferenzierung bei Blütenpflanzen. (Pfropfung bei zweihäusigen Arten.) Planta (Berl.) 32, 286–342 (1941).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuijper, J.: Zur Frage der periodischen Blüte von Dendrobium crumentatum Lindl. Rec. Trav. bot. néerl. 30, 1–22 (1933).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuperman, F. M.: Biological foundations of wheat culture. [In Russ.] Moscow: Univ. Press 1956.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laboureur, P.: Interactions de l’acide gibbérellique et de l’acide indolacétique dans la germination du pollen de Tulipe. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 250, 1715–1717 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • La Forge, F. B.: D-Manno-ketoheptose, a new sugar from the avocado. J. biol. Chem. 28, 511–522 (1917).

    Google Scholar 

  • Laibach, F.: Pollenhormon und Wuchsstoff. . Ber. dtsch. bot. Ges. 50, 383–390 (1932).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laibach, F.: Wuchsstoffversuche mit lebenden Orchideenpollen. . Ber. dtsch. bot. Ges. 51, 336–340 (1933a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laibach, F.: Versuche mit Wuchsstoffpaste. . Ber. dtsch. bot. Ges. 51, 386–392 (1933b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laibach, F., u. F. J. Kribben: Der Einfluß von Wuchsstoff auf die Bildung männlicher und weiblicher Blüten bei einer monözischen Pflanze (Cucumis sativus L.). Ber. dtsch. bot. Ges. 62, 53–55 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Laibach, F., u. F. J. Kribben: Der Einfluß von Wuchsstoff auf das Geschlecht der Blüten bei einer monözischen Pflanze. Beitr. Biol. Pflanz. 28, 64–67 (1950).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laibach, F., u. E. Maschmann: Über den Wuchsstoff der Orchideenpollinien. Jb. wiss. Bot. 78, 399–430 (1933).

    Google Scholar 

  • Laibach, F., u. F. Meyer: Über die Schwankungen des Auxingehaltes bei Zea mays und Helianthus annuus im Verlauf der Ontogenese. Senckenbergiana 17, 73–86 (1935).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lance, A.: Répartition de l’acide ribonucléique dans les méristèmes apicaux de deux composées. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 289, 1238–1239 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lance, A.: Recherches cytologiques sur l’évolution de quelques méristèmes apicaux et sur les variations provoquées par des traitements photopériodiques. Doct. dissert., Univ., Paris (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lange, A. H.: Factors affecting sex changes in the flowers of Carica Papaya. L. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 77, 252–264 (1961a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lange, A. H.: The effect of 2,3-dichloroisobutyrate and 2,2-dichloropropionate on the sex expression of Carica Papaya L. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 78, 218–224 (1961 b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Larsen, P.: Über Hemmung des Streckungswachstums durch natürlich vorkommende, ätherlösliche Stoffe. Planta (Berl.) 30, 160–167 (1939).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Larsen, P., and S. M. Tung: Growth-promoting and growth-retarding substances in pollen from diploid and triploid apple varieties. Bot. Gaz. 111, 436–447 (1950).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Larue, C. D.: The role of auxin in the development of intumescences on poplar leaves; in the production of cell outgrowths in the tunnels of leaf minners; and in the leaf-fall in Coleus. (Abstr.) Amer. J. Bot. 22, 908 (1935).

    Google Scholar 

  • Larue, C. D.: The rooting of flowers in sterile culture. Bull. Torrey bot. Club 69, 332–341 (1942).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lavollay, J., J. Sevestrect J. Dussy: Sur la présence de catéchines dans un certain nombre d’espèces végétales alimentaires. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 218, 82–84 (1944).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leliveld, J. A.: Vruchtzetting bij Koffie. Arch. Koffiekult, Nederl.-Ind. 12, 127–145 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  • Leopold, A. C., and F. S. Guernsey: A role for malic acid in tomato fruit-set. Arch. biochem. Biophys. 41, 64–73 (1952).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leopold, A. C., and F. S. Guernsey: A theorv of auxin action involving coenzyme A. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 39, 1105–1111 (1953).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leopold, A.C., F. S. Guernsey and R. Langston: Pantothenic aicd and acetic acid utilization in tomato fruit-set. Plant Physiol. 28, 748–751 (1953).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leopold, A. C., and F. I. Scott: Physiological factors in fruit-set. Amer. J. Bot. 39, 310–317 (1952).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Letham, D. S.: Cultivation of apple-fruit tissue in vitro. Nature (Lond.) 182, 473–474 (1958).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Letham, D. S.: Growth requirements of pome-fruit tissues. Nature (Lond.) 188, 425–426 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, D.: Parthenocarpy induced by frost in pears. J. Pomol. and hort. Sci. 20, 40–41 (1942).

    Google Scholar 

  • Libbert, E.: Die Hydrolyse des „Korrelationshemmstoffes“ zu Auxin. Planta (Berl.) 45, 256–271 (1955a).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Libbert, E.: Nachweis und chemische Trennung des Korrelationshemmstoffes und seiner Hemmstoffvorstufe. Planta (Berl.) 45, 405–425 (1955b).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lilleland, O.: Growth study of the apricot fruit. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 27, 237–245 (1930).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lilleland, O.: Growth study of the peach fruit. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 29, 8–12 (1932).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lilleland, O.: Growth study of the plum fruit I. The growth and changes in chemical composition of the climax plum. . Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 30, 203–208 (1933).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lilleland, O., and L. Newsome: A growth study of the cherry fruit. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 32, 291–299 (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  • Linck, A. J.: Studies on the distribution of phosphorus-32 in Pisum sativum in relation to fruit development. Doct. dissert., Ohio State Univ., Columbus (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Linck, A. J.: Chemotropism of pollen tubes in vitro in species of Clivia and Hauorthia. Phytomorphology 11, 85–86 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Linck, A. J., and G. W. Blaydes: Demonstration of the chemotropism of pollen tubes in vitro in four plant species. Ohio. J. Sci. 60, 274–278 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Linck, A. J., and T. W. Sudia: Translocation of labeled photosynthate from the bloom node leaf to the fruit of Pisum sativum. Experientia (Basel) 18, 69–70 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Linck, A. J., and C. A. Swanson: A study of several factors affecting the distribution of phosphorus-32 from the leaves of Pisum sativum. Plant and Soil 12, 57–68 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lindstrom, R. S., and S. H. Wittwer: Gibberellin and higher plants. IX. Flowering in geranium (Pelargonium horiorum). Mich. Agric. Exp. Stat. Quart. Bull. 40, 225–231 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Linnaeus, C. (Linné): Philosophia botanica. Stockholm: Kiesewetter 1751.

    Google Scholar 

  • Linskens, H. F.: Physiologische und chemische Unterschiede zwischen selbst- und fremdbestäubten Petunien-Griffeln. Naturwissenschaften 40, 28–29 (1953).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Linskens, H. F.: Physiologische Untersuchungen der Pollenschlauch-Hemmung selbststeriler Petunien. Z. Bot. 43, 1–44 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Linskens, H. F.: Physiologie der Fortpflanzung und Sexualität. Fortschr. Bot. 18, 329–346 (1956a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Linskens, H. F.: Physiologische Untersuchungen zur Reifeteilung. I. Über die Änderung einiger physiologischer Zustandsgrößen während der Pollenmeiose und Pollenentwicklung von Lilium henryi. Ber. dtsch. bot. Ges. 69, 353–360 (1956b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Linskens, H. F.: II. Über Änderung des Nukleinsäuregehaltes während der Pollenmeiose und Pollenentwicklung von Lilium henryi. Acta bot. néerl. 7, 61–68 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liverman, J. L., and S. P. Johnson: Control of arrested fruit growth in tomato by gibberellins. Science 125, 1086–1087 (1957).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Löve, A., and D. Löve: Experiments on the effects of animal sex hormones on dioecious plants. Ark. Bot. (Stockh.) A 32, No 13 (1945).

    Google Scholar 

  • Loo, T., and T. Hwang: Growth stimulation by manganese sulphate, indole-3-acetic acid, and colchicine in pollen germination and pollen tube growth. Amer. J. Bot. 31, 356–367 (1944).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lopriore, G.: Die Katalase-Reaktion und die Biologie des Pollens. . Ber. dtsch. bot. Ges. 46, 413–423 (1928).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lord, W. J.: The induction of parthenocarpy and possible apomixis in the strawberry by treatments with growth regulators. Doct. Diss., Pennsylvania State Univ. 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lu, C. S., and R. H. Roberts: Effect of temperature upon the setting of Delicious apple. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 59, 177–183 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  • Luckwill, L. C.: A method for the quantitative estimation of growth substances based on the response of tomato ovaries to known amounts of 2-naphthoxyacetic acid. J. hort. Sci. 24, 19–31 (1948a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luckwill, L. C.: The hormone content of seed in relation to endosperm development and fruit drop in the apple. J. hort. Sci. 24, 32–44 (1948 b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luckwill, L. C.: Fruit development in relation to plant hormones. Endeavour 8, 188–193 (1949).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luckwill, L. C.: Studies of fruit development in relation to plant hormones. T. Hormone production by the developing apple seed in relation to fruit drop. J. hort. Sci. 28, 14–24 (1953 a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luckwill, L. C.: II. The effect of naphthalene-acetic acid on fruit set and fruit development in apples. J. hort. Sci. 28, 25–40 (1953b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luckwill, L. C.: IV. Acidic auxins and growth inhibitors in leaves and fruits of the apple. J. hort. Sci. 32, 18–33 (1957a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luckwill, L. C.: Hormonal aspects of fruit development in higher plants. Symp. Soc. exp. Biol. 11, 63–85 (1957b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Luckwill, L. C.: Fruit growth in relation to internal and external chemical stimuli. In: Cell, organism, and milieu (D. Rudnick, ed.), pp. 233–251. New York: Ronald 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luckwill, L. C.: The effect of gibberellic acid on fruit set in apples and pears. Long Ashton Res. Stat. (Bristol), Ann. Rep. for 1959, pp. 59–61 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Luckwill, L. C., and D. Woodcock: Relationship of molecular structure of some naphthyloxy compounds and their biological activity as plant growth regulating substances. In: The chemistry and mode of action of plant growth substances (R. L. Wain and F. Wightman, eds.), pp. 195–204. London: Butterworths Scient. Publns. 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luke, E.: Erzeugung von Muster- und Farbänderungen an den Blüten von Tagetes und anderen Objekten. Flora (Jena) 138, 21–56 (1944).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lund, H. A.: Growth hormones in the styles and ovaries of tobacco responsible for fruit development. Amer. J. Bot. 43, 562–568 (1956 a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lund, H. A.: The biosynthesis of indoleacetic acid in the styles and ovaries of tobacco preliminary to the setting of fruit. Plant Physiol. 31, 334–339 (1956b).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lyman, C. M., and K. A. Kuiken: The amino acid composition of meat and some other food. I. Arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. Texas Agric. Exp. Stat. Bull. No 708 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • MacArthur, J. W., and L. Butler: Size inheritance and geometric growth processes in tomato fruit. Genetics 23, 255–268 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  • MacDaniels, L. H.: Some anatomical aspects of apple flower and fruit abscission. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 34, 122–129 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  • MacGillivray, J. H.: The importance of phosphorus in the production of seed and non-seed portions of a tomato fruit. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 22, 374–379 (1926).

    Google Scholar 

  • MacMillan, J., J. C. Seaton and P. J. Suter: A new plant-growth promoting acid gibberellin A5 from the seeds of Phaseolus multiflorus. Proc. chem. Soc. (Lond.) 1959, 325–326.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacMillan, J., J. C. Seaton and P. J. Suter: Isolation and structures of gibberellins from higher plants. Adv. in Chem. 28, 18–25 (1961).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacMillan, J., and P. T. Suter: The occurrence of gibberellin A1 in higher plants: isolation from the seed of runner bean (Phaseolus multiflorus). Naturwissenschaften 45, 46 (1958).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maheshwari, N.: In vitro culture of excised ovules of Papaver somniferum. Science 127, 342 (1958).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maheshwari, N., and M. Lal: In vitro culture of ovaries of Iberis amara L. Nature (Lond.) 181, 631–632 (1958).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maheshwari, N., and M. Lal: In vitro culture of excised ovules of Papaver somniferum L. Phytomorphology 11, 307–314 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maheshwari, P.: Test tube fruits and seeds. J. Indian bot. Soc. 38, 161–170 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Maheshwari, P., S. C. Maheshwari and N. Maheshwari: Some aspects of the physiologv of reproduction. , Transact. Bose Res. Inst. (Calcutta-India) 22, 205–221 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Manakov, M. K.: The effect of gibberellic acid on the fruit of varieties of grape with functionally female-type flowers. [In Russ.] Fiziol. Rasteniĭ 7, 350–354;

    Google Scholar 

  • Manakov, M. K.: Engl. transln. (Wash., D.C.: Amer. Inst. biol. Sci.), pp. 290–293 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mangenot, G.: L’évolution de l’ovule, du pistil et du fruit. Année biol. 56 (N. S. 28), 149–162 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mangin, L.: Recherches sur le pollen. Bull. Soc. bot. France 33, 337–442, 512–517 (1886).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mann, L. K.: Effects of photoperiod on sex expression in Ambrosia trifida. Bot. Gaz. 103, 780–787 (1942).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mann, L. K.: Fruit shape in watermelon as affected by placement of pollen on stigma. Bot. Gaz. 105, 257–262 (1943).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marheineke, J.: Über den Einfluß von Außenfaktoren auf das Blütenmuster von Petunia hybrida grandiflora, Calliopsis bicolor, Mimulus tigrinus und Primula malacoides.Jb. wiss .Bot. 83, 593–656 (1936).

    Google Scholar 

  • Marrè, E.: Aspetti isofisiologici dell’azione dello stame sul pistillo. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 22, 1208–1209 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  • Marrè, E.: Regolazione ormonale del ricambio dell’amido nella pianta. I. Funzione amilofissatrice del seme. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 24, 599–602 (1948 a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Marrè, E.: Regolazione ormonale del ricambio dell’amido nella planta. II. La funzione amilofissatrice e amilomobilitatrice del seme nel giuoco di concorenza tra fruitti vicini. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 24, 602–605 (1948b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Marrè, E.: Ormoni di crescita e ricambio glucidio nella piante I. Azione amilofissatrice dell’eteroaxina dopo castrazione o aspartazione del seme in via di maturazione. . Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 25, 331–334 (1949a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Marrè, E.: Ormoni di crescita e ricambio glucidico nella pianta. II. Curva di sensibilita dell’attivita destrinogena a concentrazioni crescenti di eteroauxina. Boll. Soc. ital. Biol. sper. 25, 334–337 (1949 b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Marrè, E.: L’auxina come fattore di richiamo dei glucidi solubili. Att. Accad. Ligure Sci. Lett. 8, 1–9 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  • Marrè, E.: Auxina, respirazione e fenomeni di concorrenza tra frutti vicini. R. Ist. lombardo Sci. e Lett., Cl. Sci. 87, 37–53 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Marrè, E., and A. E. Murneek: The effects of fertilization and growth-regulating substances (hormones) on carbohydrate and hexose-phosphate metabolism during the early stages of growth of corn kernel (fruit). Science 117, 661–663 (1953 a).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marrè, E., and A. E. Murneek: Carbohydrate metabolism in the tomato fruit as affected by pollination, fertilization and application of growth regulators. Plant Physiol. 28, 255–266 (1953b).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marrè, E., F. G. Teubner and A. E. Murneek: Growth and phosphorus metabolism in tomato ovaries. I. Changes in phosphorus fractions. Amer. J. Bot. 41, 722–726 (1954).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, W. E.: Chemical study of the ripening process in Bosc pears. Bot. Gaz. 99, 42–68 (1937).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mascarenhas, J. P., and L. Machlis: The pollen-tube chemotropic factor from Antirrhinum majus: bioassay, extraction, and partial purification. Amer. J. Bot. 49, 482–489 (1962 a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mascarenhas, J. P., and L. Machlis: Chemotropic response of Antirrhinum majus pollen to calcium. Nature (Lond.) 196, 292–293 (1962b).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mascarenhas, J. P., and L. Machlis: The hormonal control of directional growth of pollen tubes. Vitamins and Hormones 20, 347–372 (1962 c).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mason, T. G.: Growth and abscission in sea island cotton. Ann. Bot. 36, 457–484 (1922).

    Google Scholar 

  • Massart, J.: Sur la pollination sans fécondation. Bull. Jard. Bot. Bruxelles 1, 89–95 (1902).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mathon, C.-C., et E. Fustec-Mathon: Photopériodisme et infrarouge chez les Graminées. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 153, 454–455 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsubara, S.: Studies on a growth promoting substance, “embryo-factor”, necessary for the culture of young embryos of Datura tatura in vitro. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 75, 10–18 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mauney, J. R., W. S. Hillman, C. O. Miller, F. Skoog, R. A. Clayton and F. M. Strong: The bioassay, purification and properties of a growth factor from coconut. Physiol. Plantarum (Cph.) 5, 487–497 (1952).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCollum, J. P.: Vegetative and reproductive responses associated with fruit development in the cucumber. Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Stat. Mem. No 163 (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  • McComb, A.J.: “Bound” gibberellin in mature runner bean seeds. Nature (Lond.) 192, 575–576 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKee, H. S., R. N. Robertson and J. B. Lee: Physiology of pea fruits I. The developing fruit. . Austral. J. biol. Sci. 8, 137–163 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKee, H. S., and G. E. Urbach: The physiology of growth in apple fruits. V. Soluble nitrogen constituents. Austral. J. biol. Sci. 6, 369–378 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mehanik, F. J.: Acetylene treatment as a method of increasing the formation of fruitful female flowers in cucumber. . [In Russ.] Dokl. Vsesojuz. Akad. sel’skokhoz. Nauk im. I. V. Lenina 21, 20–23 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mes, M. G.: Studies on the flowering of Coffea arabica L. I. The influence of temperature on the initiation and growth of coffee flower buds. Portug. Acta biol. A 4, 328–341 (1957 a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mes, M. G.: II. Breaking the dormancy of coffee flower buds. Portug. Acta biol. A 4, 342–354 (1957b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mes, M. G.: III. Various phenomena associated with the dormancy of coffee flower buds. . Portug. Acta biol. A 5, 25–44 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Meulen, A. van der: Over den bouw en de periodieke ontwikkeling der blomenknoppen by Coffea-sorten. Meded. Lab. Plantephysiol. Onderz. Wageningen No 60 (1939). Cited after Mes 1957 a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Millardet, A.: Sur la fausse hybridation chez les Ampélidées. Rev. de Viticult. 16, 677–680 (1901).

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, C. O.: A kinetin-like compound in maize. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 47, 170–174(1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, C. O., E. Skoog, E. S. Okumura, M.H. Von Saltza and F. M. Strong: Isolation, structure and synthesis of kinetin, a substance promoting cell division. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 78, 1375–1380 (1956).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mimault, J.: Auxines et inhibiteurs de croissance des graines de Cerisier. Rev. gén. Bot. 64, 25–33 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Minerbi, G.: Partenocarpia da gelate delle pere. Notiz. Malatt. Piante 12, 25–30 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  • Minina, E. G.: On the phenotypical modification of sexual characters in higher plants under the influence of the conditions of nutrition and other external factors. C. R. (Dokl.) Acad. Sci. URSS., N. S. 21, 298–301 (1938).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Minina, E. G.: Changes in the sex of plants produced by environmental factors. [In Russ.] Moscow: Acad. Sci. USRR. 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  • Minina, E. G., I L. G. Tylkina: Physiological study of the effect of gases upon sex differentiation in plants. [In Russ.] Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR., N. S. 55, 165–168 (1947).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, J. W., and P. C. Marth: Effect of growth-regulating substances on the water-retaining capacities of bean plants. Bot. Gaz. 112, 70–76 (1950).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, J. W., D. P. Skaggs and W. P. Anderson: Plant growth-stimulating hormones in immature bean seeds. Science 114, 159–161 (1951).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, J. W., and M. R. Whitehead: Responses of vegetative parts of plants following application of extract of pollen from Zea mays. Bot. Gaz. 102, 770–791 (1941).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Modlibowska, I.: Stimulation of fruit development in frost damaged pears. East Mailing Res. Stat., Ann. Rep. for 1960, pp.46–48 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moldtmann, H. G.: Untersuchungen über den Ascorbinsäuregehalt der Pflanzen in seiner Abhängigkeit von inneren und äußeren Faktoren. Planta (Berl.) 30, 297–342 (1939).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Molliard, M.: De l’hermaphroditisme chez la Mercuriale et le Chanvre. Rev. gén. Bot. 10, 320–334 (1898).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore, J.F.: Male sterility induced in tomato by sodium 2,3-dichloroisobutyrate. Science 129, 1738–1740 (1959).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moses, H. J., and J.H. Taylor: Desoxypentosenucleic acid synthesis during microsporogenesis in Tradescantia. Exp. Cell Res. 9, 474–488 (1955).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mothes, K.: Über das Altern der Blätter und die Möglichkeit ihrer Wiederverjüngung. Naturwissenschaften 47, 337–351 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mothes, K., L. Engelbrecht u. H. R. Schütte: Über die Akkumulation von α-Aminoisobuttersäure im Blattgewebe unter dem Einfluß von Kinetin. Physiol. Plantarum (Cph.) 14, 73–75 (1961).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Müller-Thurgau, H.: Abhängigkeit der Ausbildung der Traubenbeeren und einiger anderen Früchte von der Entwicklung der Samen. Landw. Jb. Schweiz 12, 135–205 (1898).

    Google Scholar 

  • Muir, U. M.: Growth hormones as related to the setting and development of fruit in Nicotiana tabacum. Amer. J. Bot. 29, 716–720 (1942).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muir, U. M.: The relationship of growth hormones and fruit development. . Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 33, 303–312 (1947).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mulder, R., and I. Luyten: De periodieke ontwikkeling van de Darwin tulip. Verh. kon. ned. Akad. Wet. 26, Afd. Natuurk., 2e Sect. 26, No 3 (1928).

    Google Scholar 

  • Murakami, Y.: A paper chromatographic survey of gibberellins and auxins in immature seeds of leguminous plants. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 72, 36–43 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murakami, Y.: The occurrence of gibberellin-like substances in cereal grasses. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 73, 186–190 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murakami, Y.: Paper-chromatographic studies on change in gibberellins during seed development and germination in Pharbitis Nil. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 74, 241–247 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murneek, A. E.: The effects of fruit on vegetative growth in plants. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 24, 274–276 (1924).

    Google Scholar 

  • Murneek, A. E.: Physiology of reproduction in horticultural plants. I. Reproduction and metabolic efficiency in the tomato. Missouri Agric. Exp. Stat. Res. Bull. No 90 (1926a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Murneek, A. E.: Effects of correlation between vegetative and reproductive functions in the tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Plant Physiol. 1, 3–56 (1926 b).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murneek, A. E.: Physiology of reproduction in horticultural plants. II. The physiological basis of intermittent sterility with special references to the spider flower. Missouri Agric. Exp. Stat. Res. Bull. No 106 (1927).

    Google Scholar 

  • Murneek, A. E.: The nature of shedding of immature apples. Missouri Agric. Exp. Stat. Res. Bull. No 201 (1933).

    Google Scholar 

  • Murneek, A. E.: Growth-regulating substances in relation to reproduction of some horticultural plants. In: Plant Growth Substances (F. Skoog, ed.), pp. 329–345. Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Press 1951.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mubneek, A. E., and F. G. Teubneb: The dual action of naphthaleneacetic acid in thinning of apples. Proc. Amer Soc. hort. Sci. 61, 149–154 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mubneek, A. E., and S. H. Wittweb: Relation of sexual reproduction to development of horticultural plants I. General effects of flower and fruit production. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 40, 201–204 (1942).

    Google Scholar 

  • Naithani, S. P.: Chromosome studies in Hyacinthus orientalis L. III. Reversal of sexual state in the anthers of Hyacinthus orientalis L., var. Yellow Hammer. Ann. Bot., N. S. 1, 369–377 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nasatir, M., A. M. Bbyan and A. Rake: Simultaneous appearance of free arginine and deoxyribosidic compounds during mitosis. Science 134, 666 (1961).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naylor, F. L.: Effect of length of induction period on floral development in Xanthium pennsylvanicum. Bot. Gaz. 103, 146–154 (1941).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neidle, E. K.: Nitrogen nutrition in relation to photoperiodism in Xanthium pennsylvanicum. Bot. Gaz. 100, 607–618 (1938).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neumann, U.: Über Beziehungen zwischen Wuchsstoffgehalt und Fruchtentwicklung bei Johannisbeeren. Arch. Gartenbau 3, 274–294 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nickell, L. G.: Effect of coconut milk on the growth in vitro of plant virus tumor tissue. Bot. Gaz. 112, 225–228 (1950).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch, J. P.: Culture of fruits in vitro. Science 110. 499 (1949).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch, J. P.: Growth and morphogenesis of the strawberry as related to auxin. Amer. J. Bot. 37, 211–215 (1950a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch, J. P.: The role of plant hormones in fruit development. Doct. dissert., Calif. Inst. of Technol., Pasadena 1950(b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch, J. P.: Growth and development of excised ovaries. Amer. J. Bot. 38, 566–577 (1951a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch, J. P.: Action du jus de tomate sur la croissance des tissues de crown-gall cultivés in vitro. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 233, 1676–1677 (1951b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch, J. P.: Plant hormones in the development of fruits. Quart. Rev. Biol. 27, 33–57 (1952a).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch, J. P.: Test tube fruits: a new technique in fruit physiology. Rep. 13th internat. hort. Congr. (Lond.) 1, 263–266 (1952b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch, J. P.: The physiology of fruit growth. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 4, 199–236 (1953a).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch, J. P.: Phyto-hormones et biologie fruitière. II. Biochimie des auxines. Fruits 8, 533–543 (1953b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch, J. P.: L’action, sur la croissance des cultures de tissus, du liquide séminal d’Allanblackia parviflora A. Chev. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 238, 141–143 (1954a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch, J. P.: Phytohormones et biologie fruitière. III. L’emploi des auxines dans la pratique agricole. Fruits 9, 157–162 (1954b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch, J. P.: Action du jus de tomate sur la croissance de certains tissus et organes végétaux. Bull. Soc. bot. France 101, 433–440 (1954c).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch, J. P.: Free auxins and free tryptophane in the strawberry. Plant Physiol. 30, 33–39 (1955 a).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch, J. P.: Methods for the in vestigation of natural auxins and growth inhibitors. In: The chemistry and mode of action of plant growth substances (R. L. Wain and F. Wightman, eds.), pp.3–31. London: Butterworth’s Scient. Publns. 1955(b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch, J. P.: Growth responses of woody plants to photoperiodic stimuli. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 70, 512–525 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch, J. P.: The regulation of plant growth and flowering through chemical substances. Proc. 15th internat. hort. Congr. (Nice), vol. 1, pp. 55–65 (1958a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch, J. P.: Présence de gibbérellines dans l’albumen immature du Pommier. Bull. Soc. bot. France 105, 479–482 (1958b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch, J. P.: Culture in vitro de tissus de fruits. I. Mésocarpe de pomme. Bull. Soc. bot. France 106, 420–424 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch, J. P.: Quelques nouveaux stimulateurs chimiques de la parthenocarpie chez la tomate. Bull. Soc. bot. France 107, 251–263 (1960a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch, J. P.: Présence d’une substance type “cinétine” dans le jus de tomate. Bull. Soc. bot. France 107, 263–267 (1960b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch, J. P.: Auxines et croissance des fruits. II. In: Recent advances in botany (from lectures and symposia, presented to the IXth. Internat. Congr. Bot., Montreal 1959), vol. II, pp. 1089–1093. Toronto: Univ. Press 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch, J. P.: Basic physiological processes affecting fruit development. Proc. Plant Sci. Symp. (Camden, N.J.: Campbell Soup Comp.), pp. 5–21 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch, J. P.: The in vitro culture of flowers and fruits. Plant tissue and organ culture. A symposium (P. Maheshwari and N. S. Ranga Swamy, eds.), pp. 198–214. Delhi: Internat. Soc. of Plant Morphologists 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch, J. P.: Fruit development. In: Recent advances in angiosperm embryology (P. Maheshwari, ed.). New York: Ronald Press (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch, J. P., E. KubtzJb., J. Livebman and F. W. Went: The development of sex expression in cucurbit flowers. Amer. J. Bot. 39, 32–43 (1952).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch, J. P., and C. Nitsch: The separation of natural plant growth substances by paper chromatography. Beitr. Biol. Pflanz. 31, 387–408 (1955 a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch, J. P., and C. Nitsch: Action synergique des auxines et du jus de tomates sur la croissance des tissus végétaux cultivés in vitro. Bull. Soc. bot. France 102, 519–527 (1955 b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch, J. P., and C. Nitsch: Séparation chromatographique des auxines de l’ovule fécondé de Haricot à différents stades de son développement. Bull. Soc. bot. France 102, 528–532 (1955 c).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch, J. P., and C. Nitsch: Auxin-dependent growth of excised Helianthus tuberosus tissues. II. Organic nitrogenous compounds. Amer. J. Bot. 44, 555–564 (1957).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch, J. P., and C. Nitsch: Synergie d’action entre les dérivés de l’acide chlorogénique et l’acide-3-indolylacétique. Bull. Soc. bot. France 106, 414–417 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch, J. P., and C. Nitsch: Growth factors in the tomato fruit. In: Plant Growth Regulation (4th internat. Conf. on Plant Growth Regulation, Yonkers, N.Y. 1959), pp. 687–707. Ames: Iowa State Univ. Press 1961(a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch, J. P., and C. Nitsch: Synergistes naturels de auxines et des gibbérellines. Bull. Soc. bot. France 108, 349–362 (1961b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nitsch, J. P., C. Pbatt, C. Nitsch and N. J. Shaulis: Natural growth substances in Concord and Concord Seedless grapes in relation to berry development. Amer. J. Bot. 47, 566–576 (1960).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nixon, R. W., and F. E. Gabdneb: Effect of certain growth substances on inflorescences of dates. Bot. Gaz. 100, 868–871 (1939).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Noll, F.: Fruchtbildung ohne vorausgegangene Bestäubung (Parthenokarpie) bei der Gurke. S.-B. niederrhein. Ges. Nat.- u. Heilk. (Bonn) 1902, 149–162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Novikov, V. A., I Z. D. Barannikova: The critical period in relation to light intensity in the development of maize. [In Russ.] Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR., N. S. 76, 937–940 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Novikov, V. A., I A.V. Filippov: The critical period of spring wheat in relation to light intensity. [In Russ.] Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR., N. S. 72, 405–408 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nygren, A.: Studies on vivipary in the genus Deschampsia. Hereditas (Lund) 35, 27–32 (1949).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nysterakis, F.: Prolifération, in vitro, d’un tissu du péricarpe d’Ecballium elaterium. C. A. Read. Sci. (Paris) 250, 1906–1908 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Okada, M.: Several experiments on the seed production of Zinnia elegans. [In Jap.] Agric. and Hortic. 26, 984–986 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  • Okada, M., and H. Harada: Effects of day-length and temperature on the ratio of ray-flowers to disk-flowers in dahlia flower heads. J. hort. Ass. Japan 23, 259–263 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Okada, M., and Y. Hiraki: Effect of re-illumination on the forms of florets in chrysanthemum flowers retarded by artificial light. J. hort. Ass. Japan 23, 193–198 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Kelley, J.: External carbohydrates in growth and respiration of pollen tubes in vitro. Amer. J. Bot. 42, 322–327 (1955).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Okunuki, K.: Über den Gaswechsel der Pollen. . II. Acta phytochim (Tokyo) 11, 27–64 (1939a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Okunuki, K.: Über den Gaswechsel der Pollen. III. Weitere Untersuchungen über die Dchydrasen aus den Pollenkörnern. Acta phytochim (Tokyo) 11, 65–80 (1939b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olmo, H. P.: Pollination and the setting of fruit on the Black Corinth grape. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 34, 402–404 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  • Onslow, M. W.: Oxidising enzymes. III. The oxidising enzymes of some common fruits. Biochem. J. 14, 541–547 (1920).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Onslow, M. W.: V. Further observations on the oxidising enzymes of fruits. Biochem. J. 15, 113–118 (1921).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Osborne, D. J., and R. L. Wain: Studies on plant growth-regulating substances. III. The production of parthenocarpic pomaceous fruits by chemical treatment. J. hort. Sci. 26, 317–327 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Osborne, D. J., R. L. Wain and R.D. Walker: Studies on plant growth-regulating substances. IV. The activity of certain aryloxy acids for inducing rooting and for tomato setting. J. hort. Sci. 27, 44–52 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Osborne, D. J., and F. W. Went: Climatic factors influencing parthenocarpy and normal fruit-set in tomatoes. Bot. Gaz. 114, 312–322 (1953).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ott, J.: My ivory cellar. Chicago: Twentieth Century Press 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paech, K.: Colour development in flowers. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 6, 273–298 (1955).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pandey, K. K.: Incompatibility in Abutilon “hybridum”. Amer. J. Bot. 47, 877–883 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paris, D., J. Rietsema, S. Satina and A. F. Blakeslee: Effect of amino acids, especially aspartic and glutamic acid and their amides, on the growth of Datura stramonium embryos in vitro. . Proc. nat Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 39, 1205–1212 (1953).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paton, J. B.: Pollen and pollen enzymes. Amer. J. Bot. 8, 471–501 (1921).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pearson, H. M.: Parthenocarpy and seed abortion in Vitis vinifera. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 29, 169–175 (1932).

    Google Scholar 

  • Perkins, D. Y., J. C. Miller and S. L. Dallyn: Influence of pod maturity on the vegetative and reproductive behavior of okra. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 60, 311–314 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, C. E., and L. D. Anhder: Induction of staminate flowers on gynoecious cucumbers with gibberellin A3. Science 131, 1673–1674 (1960).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Petrosini, G., e T. Eschena: Sopra un presupposto enzima antiossidante del frutto di pomodoro (Prove sperimentali). Quad. Nutriz. (Bologna) 10, 359–369 (1948).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peynaud, E.: Contribution à l’étude biochimique de la maturation du raisin et de la composition des vins. Doct. (Engin.) dissert., Univ., Bordeaux 1946.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peynaud, E.: Sur la composition chimique des prunes. Ann. Agron. A 2, 51–56 (1951a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peynaud, E.: Sur les matières pectiques des fruits. Industr. agricoles et aliment. 68, 609–615 (1951b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfeffer, W.: Physiologische Untersuchungen. Leipzig: Engelmann 1873.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfeffer, W.: Periodische Bewegungen der Blattorgane. Leipzig: Engelmann 1875.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, T. G., and W. Averill: Phosphorylase and a branching enzyme in squash. Plant Physiol. 28, 287–292 (1953).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Phinney, B. O., C. A. West, M. Ritzel and P. N. Neely: Evidence for “gibberellin-like” substances from flowering plants . Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 43, 398–404 (1957).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pilet, P. E.: Nouvelle contribution à l’étude du géotropisme des étamines d’Hosta caerulea Tratt. Bull. Soc. bot. Suisse 60, 5–14 (1950).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pilet, P.E., et J. Mimault: Étude biochromatographique des composés auxiniques de l’amande du bigarreau. Rev. gén. Bot. 66, 329–339 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Piringer, A. A., and H. A. Borthwick: Photoperiodic responses of coffee. Turrialba (Turrialba, Costa Rica) 5, No 3, 72–77 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Plack, A.: Sexual dimorphism in the Labiatae. Nature (Lond.) 180, 1218–1219 (1957).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plack, A: Effect of gibberellic acid on corolla size. Nature (Lond.) 182, 610 (1958).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pollard, J. K., E. M. Shantz and F. C. Steward: Hexitols in coconut milk: their role in nurture of dividing cells. Plant Physiol. 36, 492–501 (1961).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Popham, R. A., and A. P. Chan: Origin and development of the receptacle of Chrysanthemum morifolium. Amer. J. Bot. 39, 329–339 (1952).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Portères, R.: Action de l’eau, après une période sèche, sur le déclenchement de la floraison chez Coffea arabica L. Agron. trop. (Nogent-sur-Marne) 1, 148–158 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  • Post, K.: Controlled photoperiod and spray formation of chrysanthemums. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 55, 467–472 (1950a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Post, K.: Accumulation of photoperiodic stimuli in chrysanthemums. Proc. Amer.Soc. hort. Sci. 55, 475–476 (1950b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Powers, W. H., S. Lewis and C. R. Dawson: The preparation and properties of highly purified ascorbic acid oxidase. J. gen. Physiol. 27, 167–180 (1944).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Price, C. A., and A. C. Leopold: The auxin-coenzyme A theory. (Abstr.) Plant Physiol. 30, Suppl., xiii (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Primer, P. E., and J. C. Crane: Growth regulator induced parthenocarpy in apricots. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 70, 121–124 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prosser, M. V., and G. A. D. Jackson: Induction of parthenocarpy in Rosa arvensis Huds. with gibberellic acid. Nature (Lond.) 184, 108 (1959).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raacke, I. D.: Protein synthesis in ripening pea seeds. 1. Analysis of whole seeds. Biochem. J. 66, 101–110 (1957a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raacke, I. D.: 2. Development of embryos and seed coats. Biochem. J. 66, 110–113 (1957b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raacke, I.D.: 3. Study of the pods. Biochem. J. 66, 113–116 (1957c).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rabin, R. S., and R. M. Klein: Chlorogenic acid as a competitive inhibitor of indoleacetic acid oxidase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 70, 11–15 (1957).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Radley, M., and E. Dear: Occurrence of gibberellin-like substances in the coconut. Nature (Lond.) 182, 1908 (1958).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raghavan, V., and H. K. Baruah: On factors influencing fruit-set and sterility in arecanut (Areca catechu Linn.). II. Germination of pollen grains and growth of pollen tubes under the influence of certain auxins, vitamins and trace elements. , Phyton (Vicente Lopez, Argent.) 7, 77–88 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Randolph, L. P.: Some effects of high temperature on polyploidy and other variations in maize. . Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 18, 222–229 (1932).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ranga Swamy, N. S.: Experimental studies of female reproductive structures of Citrus microcarpa Bunge. Phytomorphology 11, 109–127 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rappaport, J.: In vitro culture of plant embryos and factors controlling their growth. Bot. Rev. 20, 201–225 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rauh, W., u. C. Zehender: Beobachtungen über den Einfluß des Lichtes auf das Blühen von Selenicereus pteranthus, Phyton (Vicente Lopez, Argent.) 10, 27–34 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rebeiz, C. A., and J. C. Crane: Growth regulator-induced parthenocarpy in the bing cherry. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 78, 69–75 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rédei, G., and G. Rédei: Rearing wheats from ovaries cultured in vitro. Acta bot (Budapest) 2, 183–186 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Redemann, C. T., S. H. Wittwer and H. M. Sell: The fruit-setting factor from the ethanol extracts of immature corn kernels. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 32, 80–84 (1951).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reed, H. S.: The growth of ovules of Pisum in relation to zinc. Amer. J. Bot. 31, 193–199 (1944).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rehm, S.: Male sterile plants by chemical treatment. Nature (Lond.) 170, 38–39 (1952).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reinders-Gouwentak, C. A., and J. H. van der Veen: Cambial activity in Populus in connection with flowering and growth hormone. Proc. kon. ned. Akad. Wet. C 56, 194–201 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  • Resende, F.: Changing the ♂ flowers into ♀ flowers by the action of weak light (Bryophyllum). Portug. Acta biol. A 2, 365–366 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Resende, F.: Contribution to the physiology of development of the inflorescence and of the single flower (Bryophyllum and Kalanchoë). Portug. Acta biol. A, Vol. R. B. Goldschmidt, 729–784 (1949/51).

    Google Scholar 

  • Resende, F.: Auxin e sexo em “Hyoscyamus” L. Bol. Soc. portug. Ci. nat., Ser. IIa 4, 248–251 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  • Resende, F.: Phenotypically and genotypically determined variation between monoecious and dioecious strains. In: Colloque internat, sur le Photo-thermopériodism (Parma), Union internat. Sci. biol., Publ. Ser. B, No. 34, pp. 25–45 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Resende, F., and M. J. Viana: Gibberellin and sex expression. Portug. Acta biol. A 6, 77–98 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Richey, F. D., and G. F. Sprague: Some factors affecting the reversal of sex expression in the tassels of maize. Amer. Naturalist 66, 433 (1932).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rietsema, J., S. Satina and A. F. Blakeslee: The effect of sucrose on the growth of Datura stramonium embryos in vitro. Amer. J. Bot. 40, 538–545 (1953 a).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rietsema, J., S. Satina and A. F. Blakeslee: The effect of indole-3-acetic acid on Datura embryos. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 39, 924–933 (1953 b).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rietsema, J., S. Satina and A. F. Blakeslee: On the nature of the embryo inhibitor in ovular tumors of Datura. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 40, 424–431 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rijven, A. H. G. C.: In vitro studies on the embryo of Capsella bursa-pastoris. Acta bot. neerl. 1, 157–200 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rijven, A. H. G. C.: Glutamine and asparagine as nitrogen sources for the growth of plant embryos in vitro: A comparative study of 12 species. Austral. J. Biol. Sci. 9, 511–527 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rijven, A. H. G. C.: Effects of some inorganic nitrogenous substances on growth and nitrogen assimilation of young plant embryos in vitro. Austral. J. biol. Sci. 11, 142–154 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, R. H.: Notes on apple set and growth, 1945. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 48, 59–62 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, R. H.: Growth and blossoming of some apples. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 51, 51–53 (1948).

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, R. H.: The induction of flowering with a plant extract. In: Plant growth substances (F. Skoog, ed.), pp.347–350. Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Press (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, R. H.: A naturally occurring antiauxin. Science 117, 456–457 (1953).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, R. H., and B. E. Strickmeyer: Induction of flowering by natural lipid hormones. Plant Physiol. 36, Suppl., 11 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosa, J. T.: Fruiting habit and pollination of cantaloupe. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 21, 51–57 (1924).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosen, W. G.: Studies on pollen-tube chemotropism. Amer. J. Bot. 48, 889–895 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg-Hein, A.: Über die Pektinmetamorphose. Doct. dissert., Univ., Bern 1908.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roth, I.: Über die Öffnungs- und Schließungsbewegungen der Blüten von Bulbine semibarbata und ihre experimentelle Beeinflußbarkeit. Phyton (Vicente Lopez, Argent.) 13, 65–76 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Roux, E. R.: Respiration and maturity in peaches and plums. Ann. Bot., N. S. 4, 317–327 (1940).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rutgers, A. A. L., u. F. A. F. C. Went: Periodische Erscheinungen bei den Blüten des Dendrobium crumenatum. Ann. Jard. bot. Buitenzorg 29, 126–160 (1915).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sabinin, D. A.: La nutrition minérale comme facteur de morphogénèse. [Russ. with French summary.] Byul. moskovsk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir. 46, 67–76 (1937).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sachar, R. C.: Comparative effects of gibberellin and indole compounds on the induction of parthenocarpy in sexually incompatible Pereskia aculeata. Amer. J. Bot. 49, 913–917 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sachar, U.C., and B. Baldev: In vitro growth of ovaries of Linaria maroccana Hook. Curr. Sci. 27, 104–105 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sachar, B.C., and R. D. Iyer: Effect of auxin, kinetin and gibberellin on the placental tissue of Opuntia dillenii Haw. cultured in vitro. Phytomorphology 9, 1–13 (1959 a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sachar, R.C., and M. Kapoor: Influence of kinetin and gibberellic acid on test tube seeds of Cooperia pedunculate, Herb. Naturwissenschaften 45, 552–553 (1958).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sachar, R.C., and M. Kapoor: Gibberellin in the induction of parthenocarpy in Zephyranthes. Plant Physiol. 34, 168–170 (1959a).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sachar, R.C., and M. Kapoor: In vitro culture of ovules of Zephyranthes. Phytomorphology 9, 147–156 (1959b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saito, T.: Factors responsible for the sex expression of Japanese cucumber. X. Studies on the dark process. J. Jap. Soc. hort. Sci. 30, 1–8 (1961).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saito, T., and H. Ito: Factors responsible for the sex expression of Japanese cucumber. XI. Role of the leaves. J. Jap. Soc. hort. Sci. 30, 137–146 (1961).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salisbury, F. B.: The dual role of auxin in flowering. Plant Physiol. 30, 327–334 (1955).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanders, M. E., and P. R. Burkholder: The influence of amino acids on growth of Datura embryos in culture. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 34, 516–526 (1948).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saxdret, F. G.: Etude préliminaire des glucides et du latex de la pulpe du fruit d’argan (Argania spinosa). Variations aus cour de la maturation. Bull. Soc. Chim. biol. 39, 619–631 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarkar, B. C. R., S. H. Wittwer, R. W. Luecke and H. M. Sell: Quantitative estimation of some amino acids in sweet corn pollen. Arch. Biochem. 22, 353–356 (1949).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Satyanarayana, G., and G. Rangaswamy: The effect of plant regulators on sex expression in ribbed gourd (Luffa acutangula Roxbg.). Curr. Sci. (Calcutta) 28, 376–377 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sax, K.: Effect of variations in temperature on nuclear and cell division in Tradescantia. Amer. J. Bot. 24, 218–225 (1937).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scarborough, H.: Observations on the nature of vitamine P and the vitamine P potency of certain foodstuffs. Biochem. J. 39, 271–278 (1945).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schaffner, J. H.: Influence of environment on sexual expression in hemp. Bot. Gaz. 71, 197–219 (1921).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schaffner, J. H.: Control of sex reversal in the tassel of Indian corn. Bot. Gaz. 84, 440–449 (1927).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schaffner, J. H.: Sex reversal and the experimental production of neutral tassels in Zea mays. Bot. Gaz. 90, 279–298 (1930).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schaffner, J. H.: The fluctuation curve of sex reversal in staminate hemp plants induced by photoperiodicity. Amer. J. Bot. 18, 424–430 (1931).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schaffner, J. H.: Observations and experiments on sex in plants. Bull. Torrey bot. Club 62, 387–400 (1935).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schander, H.: Über die Ursachen von Gewichtsunterschieden bei Samen von Kernobst (Apfel und Birne). Z. Pflanzenzucht. 34, 255–306 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlubach, H. H., and H. P. Hoffmann-Walbeck: Native pectin. Makromol. Chem. 5, 5–14 (1949).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmucker, T.: Die Bedingungen des nächtlichen Aufblühens von Cereus grandiflorus. Planta (Berl.) 5, 549–559 (1928).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmucker, T.: Bor als physiologisch entscheidendes Element. Naturwissenschaften 20, 839 (1932).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmucker, T.: Über den Einfluß von Borsäure auf Pflanzen, insbesondere keimender Pollenkörner. Planta (Berl.) 23, 264–289 (1935).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schopfer, W. H., et S. Blumer: Recherches sur les greffes sexuelles homo- et hétéroplastiques chez Melandrium album (Miller) Garcke et M. dioeicum (L.) Schinz et Thelling. Verh. Schweiz. naturforsch. Ges. 1939, 61–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder, C. A.: Growth and development of the Fuerte avocado fruit. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 61, 103–109 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder, C. A.: Proliferation of mature fruit pericarp tissue slices in vitro. Science 122, 601 (1955).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder, C. A.: Aspects of citrus fruit growth studied in tissue cultures. Calif. Agric. 14, No 14, 10–11 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder, C. A.: Some morphological aspects of fruit tissue grown in culture. Bot. Gaz. 122, 198–204 (1961).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder, C. A., E. Kay and L. H. Davis: Totipotency of cells from fruit pericarp tissue in vitro. Science 138, 595–596 (1962).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schroeder, C. A., and C. Spector: Effect of gibberellic acid and indoleacetic acid on growth of excised fruit tissue. Science 126, 701–702 (1957).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schröder, H.: Untersuchungen über die Beeinflussungen des Blütenfarbmusters von Petunia hybrida grandiflora hort. Jb. wiss. Bot. 79, 714–752 (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulze, E., u. E. Winterstein: Studien über die Proteinbildung in reifenden Pflanzensamen. Hoppe-Seyler’s Z. physiol. Chem. 66, 431–476 (1910).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwabe, W. W.: Factors controlling flowering in the chrysanthemum. II. Daylength effects on the further development of inflorescence buds and their experimental reversal and modification. J. exp. Bot. 2, 223–237 (1951).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwabe, W. W.: Evidence for a flowering inhibitor produced in long days in Kalanchoë blossfeldiana. Ann. Bot., N.S. 20, 1–14 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwarzenbach, F. H.: Die Wirkung von Carotinoiden auf die Keimung von Cyklamenpollen. Helv. chim. Acta 34, 1064–1069 (1951).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, R. A., Jr.: Reversal of the nondehiscence of anthers by application of choline chloride or urea on cotton leaves. Plant Physiol. 36, Suppl, 11 (1961a).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, R. A., Jr.: Mechanisms and reversal of gametocide response in cotton. Plant Physiol. 36, 529–538 (1961b).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seifriz, W.: The length of the life cycle of a climbing bamboo. A striking case of sexual periodicity in Chusquea abietifolia Grieseb. Amer. J. Bot. 7, 83–94 (1920).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seifriz, W.: The gregarious flowering of the orchid Dendro-bium crumenatum. Amer. J. Bot. 10, 32–37 (1923a).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seifriz, W.: Observations on the cause of gregarious flowering in plants. Amer. J. Bot. 10, 93–112 (1923b).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seifriz, W.: The gregarious flowering of the Talipot palm, Corypha umbraculifera at Perideniya, Ceylon. Bull. Torrey bot. Cl. 51, 341 (1924).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seifriz, W.: Gregarious flowering in Chusquea. Nature (Lond.) 165, 635–636 (1950).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sell, H. M., S. H. Wittwer, T. L. Rebstoc and C. T. Redemann: Comparative stimulation of parthenocarpy in the tomato by various indole compounds. Plant Physiol. 28, 481–487 (1953).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seshagiriah, K. N.: Physiology of pollination in Orchidaceae. Curr. Sci. 10, 30–32 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shakhov, A. A.: Salt-resistance of plants, an eco-biological and eco-physiological study. [In Russian.] Izdatel’stvo Akad. Nauk SSSR. 1952, 35 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shantz, E. M., and F. C. Steward: The identification of compound A from coconut milk as 1,3-diphenylurea. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 77, 6351–6353 (1955).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shantz, E. M., and F. C. Steward: The growth-stimulating substances in extracts of immature corn grain: a progress report. (Abstr.) Plant Physiol. 32, Suppl., VIII (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shinano, S., T. Kaya and H. Kaneko: Isolation of γ-aminobutyric acid from fruit juice. J. agric. chem. Soc. Japan 30, 175–178 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siegelman, H. W., C. T. Chow and J. B. Biale: Respiration of developing rose petals. Plant Physiol. 33, 403–409 (1958).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sigmond, H.: Die Entfaltung der Blütenknospen zweier Oenothera-Arten. I. Beih. bot. Zbl. 46 (I), 479–488 (1930).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sigmond, H.: II. Beih. bot. Zbl. 47 (I), 69–138 (1931).

    Google Scholar 

  • Simmonds, N. W.: The development of the banana fruit. J. exp. Bot. 4, 87–105 (1953).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sinclair, W. B., and D. M. Eny: The organic acids of lemon fruits. Bot. Gaz. 107, 231–242 (1945).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sinclair, W. B., and R. C. Ramsey: Changes in the organic-acid content of Valencia organes during development. Bot. Gaz. 108, 140–148 (1944).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sinnott, E. W.: A developmental analysis of the relation between cell size and fruit size in cucurbits. Amer. J. Bot. 26, 179–189 (1939).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sinnott, E. W.: Cell polarity and the development of form in cucurbit fruits. Amer. J. Bot. 31, 388–391 (1944).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sinnott, E. W.: The relation of cell division to growth rate in cucurbit fruits. Growth 9, 189–194 (1945a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinnott, E. W.: The relation of growth to size in cucurbit fruits. Amer. J. Bot. 32, 439–446 (1945b).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sivori, E. M.: Fotoperiodismo de “Chenopodium quinoa” Willd. Darwiniana (B. Aires) 7, 541–551 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  • Skene, K. G. M., and D. J. Carr: A quantitative study of the gibberellin content of seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris at different stages in their development. Austral. J. Biol. Sci. 14, 13–25 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skoog, F., and C. O. Miller: Chemical regulation of growth and organ formation in plant tissues cultured in vitro. Symp. Soc. exp. Biol. 11, 118–131 (1957).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skoog, F., and B. J. Robinson: A direct relationship between indoleacetic acid effects on growth and reducing sugar in tobacco tissue. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 74, 565–568 (1950).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Slogteren, E. van: The influence of climate and storing conditions on the flowering of flower bulbs. Lab. voor Bloembollenonderzoek (Lisse), Publ. No 56 (1936).

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, J. J.: Ephemeral orchids. Ann. Jard. bot. Buitenzorg 35, 55–70 (1926).

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, W. H.: Cell-multiplication and cell-enlargement in the development of the flesh of the apple fruit. Ann. Bot., N. S. 14, 23–38 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  • Söding, H.: Wuchsstoffbildung und Wuchsstoffverteilung in der Kompositenstaude Heliopsis, laevis im Laufe der Wachstumsperiode. Flora (Jena) 132, 425–446 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  • Solomon, B.: Inhibiting effect of autoclaved malt preventing the in vitro growth of Datura embryos. Amer. J. Bot. 37, 1–5 (1950).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sommer, N. F., M. V. Bradley and M. T. Creasy: Peach mesocarp explant enlargement and callus production in vitro. Science 136, 264–265 (1962).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sosa-Bourdouil, C.: Sur les substances azotées des ovules et des sacs polliniques de quelques fleurs. Bull. Mus. nat. Hist. natur. (Paris), Sér. II 12, 137–138 (1940).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sosa-Bourdouil, C.: Sur les fleurs de Typha et de Nymphaea et leur pouvoir oxydant vis-à-vis de la vitamine C. Bull. Soc. bot. France 88, 660–663 (1941).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sosa-Bourdouil, C.: Effets de la castration sur le chimisme de la fleur. Bull. Mus. nat. Hist. natur. (Paris), Sér. II, 15, 489–492 (1943a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sosa-Bourdouil, C.: Comparaison des spores et des pollens relativement à leur teneur en phosphore. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 217, 617–619 (1943b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sosa-Bourdouil, C.: Sur la teneur en phosphore des pollens de quelques Renonculacées. Bull. Mus. nat. Hist. nat. (Paris), Sér. II 23, 713–715 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sosa-Bourdouil, C., A. Brunel et A. Sosa: Sur la composition des gousses et des graines de Soja au cours du développement. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 212, 1049–1051 (1941).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sparrow, A. H., M. J. Moses and R. Steele: A cytological and cytochemical approach to an understanding of radiation damage in dividing cells. Brit. J. Radiol. 25, 182–189 (1952).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sparrow, A. H., V. Pond and S. Kojan: Microsporogenesis in excised anthers of Trillium erectum grown in sterile media. Amer. J. Bot. 42, 384–394 (1955).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stahly, E. A., and A. H. Thompson: Auxin levels of developing Halehaven peach ovules. Univ. Maryland (College Park, Md., U.S.A.) Agric. Exp. Stat. Bull. No A104, 1–22 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stehsel, M. L.: I. Interrelations between tryptophane, auxin and nicotinic acid during development of the corn kernel. II. Studies on the nature of the auxin complex in the corn kernel. Doct. dissert., Univ. of Calif., Berkeley 1950.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sterling, C.: Developmental anatomv of the fruit of Prunus domestica L. Bull. Torrey bot. Club 80, 457–477 (1953).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steward, F. C., and S. M. Caplin: Investigations on growth and metabolism of plant cells. IV. Evidence on the role of the coconut-milk factor in development. Ann. Bot., N. S. 16, 491–504 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steward, F. C., and E. M. Shantz: The growth of carrot tissue expiants and its relation to the growth factors in coconut milk. II. The growth-promoting properties of coconut milk for plant tissue cultures. Année biol. 58 (Sér. III, 30), 399–410 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Steward, F. C., and E. M. Shantz: The chemical induction of growth in plant tissue cultures. In: The chemistry and mode of action of plant growth substances (R. L. Wain and F. Wightman, eds.), pp. 165–186. London: Butterworth’s Scient. Publns. 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  • Steward, F. C., and E. M. Shantz: The chemical regulation of growth. (Some substances and extracts which induce growth and morphogenesis.) Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 10, 379–404 (1959).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steward, F. C., and N. W. Simmonds: Growth-promoting substances in the ovarv and immature fruit of the banana, Nature (Lond.) 173, 1083–1084 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, W. S., F. T. Ching and D. D. Halsey: Effects of gibberellic acid sprays on Thompson seedless grapes. Lasca Leaves (Arcadia, Calif.) 7, 80 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, W. S., D. Halsey and F. T. Ching: Effect of the potassium salt of gibberellic acid on fruit growth of Thompson Seedless grapes. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 72, 165–169 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, W. S., and L. J. Klotz: Some effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxvacetic acid on fruit drop and morphologv of oranges. Bot. Gaz. 109, 150–162 (1947).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, W. S., and E. R. Parker: Preliminary studies on the effects of 2,4-D sprays on preharvest drop, yield and quality of grapefruit. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 50, 187–194 (1947).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stone, W.: Ascorbic acid oxidase and the state of ascorbic acid in vegetable tissues. J. Biochcm. 31, 508–512 (1937).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stoppel, R.: Über den Einfluß des Lichtes auf das Öffnen und Schließen einiger Blüten. Z. Bot. 2, 369–453 (1910).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stoppel, R., u. H. Kniep: Weitere Untersuchungen über das Öffnen und Schließen der Blüten. Z. Bot, 3, 369–399 (1911).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stow, I.: Experimental studies on the formation of embryo sac-like giant pollen grain in the anther of Hyacinthus orientalis. Cytologia 1, 417–439 (1930).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stow, I.: On the female tendencies in the embryo sac-like giant pollen grain of Hyacinthus orientalis. Cytologia 5, 88–108 (1934).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stowe, B. B., and K. V. Thimann: Indolepyruvic acid in maize. Nature (Lond.) 172, 764 (1953).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stowe, B. B., K. V. Thimann and N. P. Kefford: Further studies of some plant indoles and auxins by paper chromatography. Plant Physiol. 31, 162–165 (1956).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Strasburger, E.: Über Polyembryonie. Jena. Z. Naturwiss. 12, 647–670 (1878).

    Google Scholar 

  • Strasburger, E.: Versuche mit dioischen Pflanzen in Rücksicht auf Geschlechtsverteilung. Biol. Zbl. 20, 657–665, 689–698, 721–731, 753–785 (1910).

    Google Scholar 

  • Strasburger, E.: Über die Individualität der Chromosomen und die Pfropfhybriden-Frage. Jb. wiss. Bot. 44, 482–555 (1907).

    Google Scholar 

  • Straus, J.: Maize endosperm tissue grown in vitro. II. Morphology and cytology. Amer. J. Bot. 41, 833–839 (1954).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Straus, J.: Anthocyanin synthesis in corn endosperm tissue cultures. I. Identity of the pigments and general factors. Plant Physiol. 34, 536–541 (1959).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Straus, J.: II. Effect of certain inhibitory and stimulatory agents. Plant Physiol. 35, 645–650 (1960a).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Straus, J.: Maize endosperm grown in vitro. III. Development of a synthetic medium. Amer. J. Bot. 47, 641–647 (1960b).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Straus, J., and P. R. Epp: Responses of Cupressus funebris tissue cultures to gibberellins. Science 131, 1806–1807 (1960c).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Straus, J., and C. D. LaRue: Maize endosperm tissue grown in vitro. I. Culture requirements. Amer. J. Bot. 41, 687–694 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stroun, M.: Photostade et spectrostade. Physiol. Plantarum (Cph.) 11, 548–563(1958).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Struckmeyer, B. E., and R. H. Roberts: The inhibition of abnormal cell proliferation with antiauxin. Amer. J. Bot. 42, 401–405 (1955).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Süssenguth, K.: Über Pseudogamie bei Zygopetalum mackayi Hook. Ber. dtsch. bot. Ges. 41, 16–23 (1923).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sugawara, T.: Effects of chemical growth substances on the bending of flower-stalks in Papaver. Proc. Imp. Acad. (Jap.) 18, 89–96 (1942).

    Google Scholar 

  • Swanson, C.P., G. A. LaVelle and S. H. Goodgall: Ovule abortion in Trades cantia as affected by aqueous solutions of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Amer. J. Bot. 36, 170–175 (1949).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swanson, C.P., G. A. LaVelle and S. H. Goodgall: El Tabey: See under E.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tamaoki, T., and A. J. Ullstrup: Cultivatio in vitro of excised endosperm and meristem tissues of corn. Bull. Torrey bot. Club 85, 260–272 (1958).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka, K.: The pollen germination and pollen tube development in Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. I. The effects of storage, temperature and sugars. Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Univ., Ser. IV (Biol.) 21, 185–198 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tauber, H.: The interaction of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) with enzymes. Ergebn. Enzymforsch. 7, 301–315 (1938).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, J. H.: The duration of differentiation in excised anthers. Amer. J. Bot. 37, 137–143 (1950).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, J. H., and R. D. McMaster: Autoradiographic and microphotometric studies on desoxyribosenucleic acid during microgametogenesis in Lilium longiflorum. Chromosoma (Berl.) 6, 489–521 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teaotia, S. S., I. C. Pandey and R. S. Mathur: Gibberellin induced parthenocarpy in guava (Psidium guajava L.). Curr. Sci. 30, 312 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Teas, H. J., J. W. Cameron and A. C. Newton: Tryptophan, niacin, indoleacetic acid, and carbohydrates in developing sugary and starchy maize kernels. Agron. J. 44, 434–438 (1952).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teas, H. J., A. N. Teas and J. W. Cameron: Niacin relationships in developing and mature maize endosperms of brittle and related genotypes. Cereal Chem. 31, 250–255 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tetley, U.: The morphology and cytology of the apple fruit, with special reference to the Bramley’s seedling variety. J. Pomol. and hort. Sci. 9, 278–297 (1931).

    Google Scholar 

  • Teubner, F. G., E. Marrè e A. E. Murneek: Metabolismo di quiete e metabolismo di crescita. II. Attività fosforilasica. fosfomonoesterasica e adenosintrifos-fatica in ovari non fecondati, fecondati e parthenocarpici per trattamento auxinico. Nuovo Giorn. bot. ital., N. S. 61, 9–20 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Teubner, F. G., and A. E. Murneek: Effect of p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (C1PA) and 3-indoleacetic acid (IA) on certain dehydrogenase systems of the tomato fruit, L. esculentum. Science 116, 39–41 (1952).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teubner, F. G., and A. E. Murneek: Embryo abortion as mechanism of “hormone” thinning of fruit. Missouri Agric. Exp. Stat. Res. Bull. No 509 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Thimann, K. V.: Studies on the growth hormone of plants. VI. The distribution of the growth substances in plant tissues. J. gen. Physiol. 18, 23–34 (1934).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thimann, K. V., and W. D. Bonner Jr.: Organic acid metabolism. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. 1, 75–108 (1950).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, M., and S. L. Ranson: Physiological studies on acid metabolism in green plants. III. Further evidence of CO2-fixation during the dark acidification of plants showing crassulacean acid metabolism. New Phytologist 53, 1–30 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, R. G.: Effects of temperature and length of day on the sex expression of monoecious and dioecious angiosperms. Nature (Lond.) 178, 552–553 (1956).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, A. E.: Methods of producing first-generation hybrid seed in spinach. Cornell Univ. Agric. Exp. Stat. Mem. No 336 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Thor, C. J. B., and C. L. Smith: A physiological study of seasonal changes in the composition of the pecan during fruit development. J. agric. Res. 50, 97–121 (1935).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tiedjens, V. A.: Sex ratios in cucumber flowers as affected by different conditions of soil and light. J. agric. Res. 36, 721–746 (1928).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tkachenko, G. V.: The effect of gibberellin on fruit bearing of grape, Chaush variety. [In Russ.] Fiziol. Rasteniĭ 7, 348–350; Engl. transln. (Wash., D.C.: Amer. Inst. biol. Sci.), pp. 288–289 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Todd, G. W., R. C. Bean and B. Propst: Photosynthesis and respiration in developing fruits. II. Comparative rates at various stages of development. Plant Physiol. 36, 69–73 (1961).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tombesi, L., A. Baroccio, T. Cervigni, S. Fortini, M. Tarantola e M. E. Venezian: Attività ossidasica, catalasica, carboanidrasica, peros-sidasica e contenuto in glutatione riddotto e acido ascorbico nel corso della maturazione di frutti e semi. Ann. Sper. agron., N. S. 6, 857–874 (1952).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tournois, J.: Anomalies florales du Houblon japonais et du Chanvre déterminées par des semis hâtifs. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 153, 1017–1020 (1911).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tournois, J.: Influence de la lumière sur la floraison du Houblon japonais et du Chanvre. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 155, 297–300 (1912).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tournois, J.: Études sur la sexualité du Houblon. Ann. Sci. nat., Bot., Sér. IX 19, 49–191 (1914).

    Google Scholar 

  • Toyama, S., and S. Hayashi: Studies on the fruit development of Japanese pears. I. On the flesh cell-division, cell enlargement and the relation between cell-size and fruit size of some varieties. J. hort. Ass. Japan 25, 274–278 (1957a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Toyama, S., and S. Hayashi: II. A developmental analysis of the relation between flesh cell- division, cell-enlargement and defoliation. J. hort. Ass. Japan 25, 279–282 (1957b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Treshow, M.: Physiology and anatomical development of tomato fruit tumor. Amer. J. Bot. 42, 198–202 (1955).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tschirch, A.: Über Pektin und Protopektin. Ber. dtsch. pharmaz. Ges. 17, 237–242 (1907).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsukamoto, Y.: Studies on the delaying of chrysanthemum flower by the spray of growth substances. (3.) Combination of growth substances and electric lightening. J. hort. Ass. Japan 26, 192–198 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsukamoto, Y., and T. Harada: Studies on the delaying of chrysanthemum flowering by the spray of growth substances. (2.) J. hort. Ass. Japan 26, 54–58 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tukey, H. B.: Growth of the peach embryo in relation to growth of fruit and season ripening. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 30, 209–218 (1933a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tukey, H. B.: Embryo abortion in early ripening varieties of Prunus avium. Bot. Gaz. 94, 433–468 (1933b).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tukey, H. B.: Growth of the embryo, seed and pericarp of the sour cherry (Prunus cerasus) in relation to season of fruit ripening. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 31, 125–144 (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tukey, H. B.: Development of cherry and peach fruits as affected by destruction of the embryo. Bot. Gaz. 98, 1–24 (1936 a).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tukey, H. B.: A relation between seed attachment and carpel symmetry and development in Prunus. Science 84, 513–515 (1936b).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tukey, H. B., and C. L. Hamner: Form and composition of cherry fruits (Prunus avium and P. cerasus) following fall applications of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and naphthaleneacetic acid. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 54, 95–101 (1949).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tukey, H. B., and F. A. Lee: Embryo abortion in the peach in relation to chemical composition and season of fruit ripening. Bot. Gaz. 98, 586–597 (1937).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tukey, L. D.: Effect of night temperature on growth of the fruit of the sour cherry. Bot. Gaz. 114, 155–165 (1952).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tukey, R. B.: Some physiological factors influencing the growth and development of strawberry fruits (Fragaria sp.). Doct. dissert., Cornell Univ., Ithaca, N.Y. 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tulecke, W. R.: A tissue derived from the pollen of Ginkgo biloba. Science 117, 599–600 (1953).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tulecke, W. R.: The pollen of Ginkgo biloba: in vitro culture and tissue formation. Amer. J. Bot. 44, 602–608 (1957).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tulecke, W. R.: The pollen cultures of C. D. LaRue: A tissue from the pollen of Taxus. Bull. Torrey bot. Club 86, 283–289 (1959).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turner, D. H., and J. F. Turner: Physiology of pea fruits. III. Changes in starch and starch Phosphorylase in the developing seed. Austral. J. biol. Sci. 10, 302–309 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ugolik, N., and J. P. Nitsch: Étude chromatographique des substances de croissance de la graine immature de Mirabelle. Bull. Soc. bot. France 106, 446–451 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulrich, R.: Corrélation entre l’allongement du fruit et le développement des graines chez la Giroflée (Cheiranthus cheiri L.). C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 203, 1012–1013 (1936).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulrich, R.: Influence des blessures sur la croissance des fruits. Bull. Soc. bot. France 85, 586–597 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulrich, R.: Variations quantitatives des acides gras, des stérols et des phospholipides au cours de la maturation des fruits de Lierre. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 208, 664–666 (1939).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ulrich, R.: Observations sur la croissance de quelques fruits. Rev. scient. (Paris) 80, 24–30 (1942).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulrich, R.: Variations de l’activité respiratoire des poires Passe-Crassane au cours de leur développement. C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 219, 135–137 (1944a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulrich, R.: Variations de l’activité respiratoire de quelques fruits au cours de leur développement. Bull. Soc. bot. France 91, 210–213 (1944b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ulrich, R.: Variations de l’activité respiratoire de quelques fruits au cours de leur développement. II. Observations sur les fruits de lierre (Hedera helix L.). Bull. Soc. bot. France 92, 131–133 (1945a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ulrich, R.: III. Observations sur les fruits de Douce-amère. Bull. Soc. bot. France 92, 252–254 (1945 b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulrich, R.: IV. Observation sur des cerises (Prunus avium, var. Bigarreau Napoléon). Bull. Soc. bot. France 93, 248–250 (1946).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ulrich, R.: V. Observations sur des tomates. Bull. Soc. bot. France 94, 387–391 (1947a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ulrich, R.: VI. Observations sur les fruits de Lilas (Syringa vulgaris L.). Bull. Soc. bot. France 94, 391–392 (1947b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulrich, R.: Lavie des fruits. Paris: Masson 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulrich, R., et A.Paulin : Observations sur les inflorescences isolées d’Iris. (Transfert de substances d’une fleur à une autre; respiration des fleurs.) Rev. gén. Bot. 64, 93–106 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulrich, R., et O. Thaler: Sur la présence et les variations de quelques constituants des poires au cours de leur développement (xvlose, acide quinique, proline). C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 240, 1625–1626 (1955).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Valdeyron, G.: Expérience préliminaire sur la biologie florale du Figuier (Ficus carica L.). C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 223, 162–164 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  • Van der Kerk, Van Herk: See under K and H, resp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Overbeek, J.: Hormonal control of embryo and seedling. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 10, 126–133 (1942).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Overbeek, J.: Use of growth substances in tropical agriculture. In: Plant Growth Substances (F. Skoog, ed.), pp.225–244. Madison, Wisc.: Univ. of Wisconsin Press (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Overbeek, J.: Endogenous regulators of fruit growth. Plant Sci. Symp. (Camden, N. J.: Campbell Soup Comp.), pp. 37–56 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Overbeek, J., M. E. Conklin and A. F. Blakeslee: Chemical stimulation of ovule development and its possible relation to parthenogenesis. Amer. J. Bot. 28, 647–656 (1941).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Overbeek, J., M. E. Conklin and A. F. Blakeslee: Cultivation in vitro of small Datura embryos. Amer. J. Bot. 29, 472–477 (1942).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Slogteren: See under S.

    Google Scholar 

  • Varga, M.: Examination of growth inhibiting substances separated by paper chromatography in fleshy fruits. II. Identification of the substances of growth-inhibiting zones on the chromatograms. Acta Univ. szeged.: Acta biol., N.S. 3, 213–223(1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vasil, I. K.: Effect of kinetin and gibberellic acid on excised anthers of Allium cepa. Phytomorphology 7, 138–149(1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vasil, I. K.: Cultivation of excised anthers in vitro. Effect of nucleic acid. J. exp. Bot. 10, 399–408 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vazart, B.: La parthénocarpie. Bull. Soc. bot. France 102, 406–433 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Visser, T.: Germination and storage of pollen. Med. Landbouwhogesch. Wageningen 55, 1–68 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vitte, G., et C. Guichard: Evolution des acides organiques de la vigne. Étude par Chromatographie sur papier. Rev. gén. Bot. 62, 622–628 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vöchting, H.: Die Bewegungen der Blüthen und Früchte. Bonn: Cohen 1882.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, G. W. R., and J. Dietrich: Kinetin-induced meiotic-prophase acceleration and stasis in Tradescantia anthers cultured on media deficient in sugar. Nature (Lond.) 192, 889–890 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, C. H., E. Hansen and B. E. Christensen: Conversion of C14-labeled acetate to citric and malic acids in the tomato fruit. Plant Physiol. 28, 741–745 (1953).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wassilieff, N.: Eiweißbildung in reifenden Samen. Ber. dtsch. bot. Ges. 26, 454–467 (1908).

    Google Scholar 

  • Watanabe, K.: Studies on the germination of grass pollen. I. Liquid exudation of the pollen on the stigma before germination. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 68, 40–44 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Watanabe, K.: II. Germination capacity of pollen in relation to the maturity of pollen and stigma. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 74, 131–137 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, R. J.: Response of Black Corinth grapes to applications of 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid. Bot. Gaz. 114, 107–113 (1952).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, R. J.: Berry size of seedless grapes. Calif. Agric. 7, No 1, 7, 15 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, R. J.: Preliminary report on thinning grapes with chemical sprays. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 63, 194–200 (1954).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, R. J.: Effect of gibberellic acid on fruit set and berry enlargement in seedless grapes. Nature (Lond.) 181, 851–852 (1958).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, R. J., and S. B. McCune: Response of certain varieties of Vitis vinifera to gibberellin. Hilgardia (Berkeley, Calif.) 28, 297–350 (1959a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, R. J., and S. B. McCune: Effects of gibberellin on seeded Vitis vinifera, and its translocation within the vine. Hilgardia (Berkeley, Calif.) 28, 625–645 (1949b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, R. J., and S. B. McCune: Effect of gibberellin on seedless Vitis vinifera. Hilgardia (Berkeley, Calif.) 29, 247–275 (1959c).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, R. J., and W. O. Williams: Response of certain varieties of grapes to plant growth-regulators. Bot. Gaz. 113, 75–85 (1951).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Webber, H. J., and L. D. Batchelor: The citrus industry. I. History, botany and breeding. Berkelev: Univ. of California Press 1946.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinland, H.: Das Wachstum der Hypanthien bei den Oenotheren. Z. Bot. 36, 401–430 (1941).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein, L. H., and H. J. Laurencot Jr.: Senescence of roses. II. Dark fixation of CO2 by cut Better Times roses at different stages of senescence. Contr. Boyce Thompson Inst. 19, 327–340 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein, L. H., C. A. Porter and H. J. Laurencot Jr.: Quinic acid as a precursor in aromatic synthesis in the rose. Contr. Boyce Thompson Inst. 20, 121–134 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein, L. H., W. R. Smith and H. J. Laurencot Jr.: Senescence in roses. III. Isolation of L-quinic acid from Better Times roses. Contr. Boyce Thompson Inst. 19, 341–348 (1958).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Went, F.A.F. C.: Die Periodizität des Blühens von Dendrobium crumenatum Lindl. Ann. Jard. bot. Buitenzorg 2, Suppl., 73–77 (1898).

    Google Scholar 

  • Went, F.A.F. C.: Periodische Erscheinungen beim Blühen tropischer Gewächse. Naturwissenschaften 5, 72–76 (1917).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Went, F. W.: Plant growth under controlled conditions. II. Thermoperiodicity in growth and fruiting of the tomato. Amer. J. Bot. 31, 135–150 (1944).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Went, F. W.: The experimental control of plant growth. Waltham, Mass.: Chronica Bot. 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  • West, C. A., and B. O. Phinney: Gibberellins from flowering plants. I. Isolation and properties of a gibberellin from Phaseolus vulgaris L. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 81, 2424–2427 (1959).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westergaard, M.: The mechanism of sex determination in dioecious flowering plants. Adv. Genet. 9, 217–281 (1958).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weston, E. W.: Changes in sex in the hop caused by plant growth substances. Nature (Lond.) 188, 81–82 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wetmore, R. H., and S. Sorokin: On the differentiation of xylem. J. Arnold Arbor. 36, 305–317 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Weurman, C., and T. Swain: Chlorogenic acid and the enzymic browning of apples and pears. Nature (Lond.) 172, 678 (1953).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • White, J.: The influence of pollination on the respiratory activity of the gynaecium. Ann. Bot. 21, 487–499 (1907).

    Google Scholar 

  • White, P.P.: Plant tissue cultures. A preliminary report of results obtained in the culturing of certain plant meristems. Arch. exp. Zeilforsch. 12, 602–620 (1932).

    Google Scholar 

  • Whiting, G. C.: Occurrence of shikimic acid in gooseberry fruits. Nature (Lond.) 179, 531 (1957).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Widdowson, E. M.: Chemical studies in the physiology of apples. XIII. The starch and hemicellulose content of developing apples. Ann. Bot. 46, 597–631 (1932).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wiger, J.: Ein neuer Fall von autonomer Nuzellarembryonie. Bot. Notiser (Lund) 1930, 368–370.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, K. S.: Vitamin patterns in the development of cucurbit fruits. Amer. J. Bot. 34, 469–483 (1947).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winkler, H.: Über Parthenogenesis und Apogamie im Pflanzenreiche. Prog. Rei bot. 2, 293–454 (1908).

    Google Scholar 

  • Withner, C. L.: Ovule culture: a new method for starting orchid seedlings. Bull. Amer. Orchid Soc. 11, 261–263 (1943).

    Google Scholar 

  • Withner, C. L.: B-vitamin changes during growth of cucurbit and tomato fruits. Amer. J. Bot. 36, 517–525 (1949).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Witsch, H. v.: Die Entwicklung männlicher und weiblicher Inflorescenzen bei Xanthium unter dem Einfluß von Tageslänge und Gibberellin. Planta (Berl.) 57, 357–369 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wittwer, S. H.: Growth hormone production during sexual reproduction of higher plants. Missouri Agric. Exp. Stat. Res. Bull. No 371 (1943).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wittwer, S. H., and M. J. Bukovac: Quantitative and qualitative differences in plant responses to the gibberellins. Amer. J. Bot. 49, 524–539 (1962).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wittwer, S. H., and M. J. Bukovac: Exogenous plant growth substances affecting floral initiation and fruit set. Proc. Plant Sci. Symp. (Camden, N.J.: Campbell Soup Comp.), pp. 65–83 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wittwer, S. H., M. J. Bukovac, H. M. Sell and L. E. Weller: Some effects of gibberellin on flowering and fruit setting. Plant Physiol. 32, 39–41 (1957).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wittwer, S. H., and I. G. Hillyer: Chemical induction of male sterility in cucurbits. Science 120, 893–894 (1954).

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wittwer, S. H. and A. E. Murneek: Relation of sexual reproduction to development of horticultural plants. II. Physiological influence of fertilization (gametic union). Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 40, 205–208 (1942).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolf, J.: Über den Gasstoffwechsel reifender Vogelbeeren. Planta (Berl.) 28, 716–720 (1938).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wong, C. Y.: Chemically induced parthenocarpy in certain horticultural plants with special reference to the watermelon. Bot. Gaz. 103, 64–86 (1941).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woodburn, W. L.: Development of the embryosac and endosperm in some seedless persimmons. Bull. Torrey bot. Club 38, 379–384 (1911).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, S. T. C.: Studies of fruit development in relation to plant hormones. III. Auxins in relation to fruit morphogenesis and fruit drop in the black currant, Ribes nigrum. J. hort. Sci. 31, 196–211 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wycherley, P. R.: Vegetative proliferation of floral spikelets in British grasses. Ann. Bot., N. S. 18, 119–127 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  • Yampolsky, C.: Male-female grafts in Mercurialis annua. J. Hered. 21, 65–72 (1932).

    Google Scholar 

  • Yasuda, S.: Parthenocarpy caused by the stimulus of pollination in some plants of Solanaceae. [In Jap.] Agric. and Hortic. 9, 647–656 (1934a).

    Google Scholar 

  • Yasuda, S.: The second report on the behavior of the pollen tubes in the production of seedless fruits caused by interspecific pollination. Jap. J. Genet. 9, 118–124 (1934b).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yasuda, S.: Parthenocarpy induced by stimulation of pollination in some higher plants. Mem. Fac. Sci. Agric, Taihoku Imp. Univ. (Formosa) 27, 1–51 (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, R. S.: Growth and development of the blueberry fruit (Vaccinium corymbosum L. and V. angustifolium Ait.). Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 59, 167–172 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  • Youngner, V. B.: Environmental control of initiation of inflorescence, reproductive structures, and proliferations in Poa bulbosa. Amer. J. Bot. 47, 753–757 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zacharius, R. M., H. M. Cathey and F.C. Steward: Nitrogenous compounds and nitrogen metabolism in the Liliaceae. III. Changes in the soluble nitrogen compounds of the tulip and their relation to flower formation in the bulb. Ann. Bot., N. S. 21, 193–201 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zacharius, R. M., J. F. Thompson and F. C. Steward: The detection, isolation and identification of l(—)pipecolic acid in the non-protein fraction of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). J. Amer. chem. Soc. 76, 2908–2912 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zanoni, G.: Ricerche sull’accrescimento del fiore. Azione correlativa degli sporofilli. Ann. di Bot. 22, 46–66 (1941).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zielinski, Q. B., and R. Garren Jr.: The effect of certain growth regulating substances on fruit set and fruit size in Royal Ann sweet cherries. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 70, 113–118 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman, P. W., W. Crocker and A. E. Hitchcock: Initiation and stimulation of roots from exposure of plants to carbon monoxide gas. Contr. Boyce Thompson Inst. 5, 1–17 (1933a).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman, P. W., W. Crocker and A. E. Hitchcock: The effect of carbon monoxide on plants. Contr. Boyce Thompson Inst. 5, 195–211 (1933b).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Anton Lang

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1965 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Nitsch, J.P. (1965). Physiology of flower and fruit development. In: Lang, A. (eds) Differenzierung und Entwicklung / Differentiation and Development. Handbuch der Pflanzenphysiologie / Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, vol 15. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50088-6_40

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50088-6_40

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-50090-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-50088-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics