Abstract
Living organisms vary greatly in their life cycles, in the complexity of their development and in their modes of propagation and reproduction. Typically, however, all the varied life cycles include at least one stage in which the organism is represented by a single cell from which there must unfold every subsequent complexity of development including, when the progression has come round to full circle, the production of single cells of that same kind. One single-celled stage, that of the fertilized egg or zygote, is as widespread as the process of sexual reproduction of which indeed it is an integral feature; and although this process may be circumvented in its essentials by apomixis, or even abandoned for vegetative propagation, sexual reproduction is the continuous thread running through the evolutionary history of all plants and animals. The zygote therefore affords a common starting point in considering the problem of differentiation in all types of organisms, plants and animals alike; the problem of how a complex soma can originate and develop from a single cell. At the same time, the fertilized egg is not the only cell from which, especially in plants, complex development may spring, so that we may also look for evidence from parts of the life cycle other than that which turns immediately on the unfolding of the zygote’s potentialities.
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Mather, K. (1965). Genes and cytoplasm in development. In: Lang, A. (eds) Differenzierung und Entwicklung / Differentiation and Development. Handbuch der Pflanzenphysiologie / Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, vol 15. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50088-6_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50088-6_2
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