Abstract
Although some 70 years have elapsed since Ewing (1921) described as a distinct clinico-pathologic entity the “diffuse endothelioma of bone,” which he later termed “endothelial myeloma” (1924), the precise histogenesis of this neoplasm remains unresolved — this despite the numerous ultra-structural, histochemical, immunohistochemical, and other more sophisticated studies published in recent years.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ewing Sarcoma, Primary Neuroectodermal Tumor and Malignant Lymphoma of Bone
Akhtar M, Ashraf M, Sabbah R (1985) Aspiration cytology of Ewing’s sarcoma. Light and electron microscopic correlations. Cancer 56:2051–2060
Angervall L, Enzinger FM (1975) Extraskeletal neoplasm resembling Ewing’s sarcoma. Cancer 36:240–251
Aurias A, Rimbaut C, Buffe D, Dubousset J, Mazabraud A (1983) Chromosomal translocation in Ewing’s sarcoma. N Engl J Med 309:496
Aurias A, Rimbaut C, Buffe D, Zucker JM, Mazabraud A (1984) Translocation involving chromosome 22 in Ewing’s sarcoma: a cytogenetic study of four fresh tumors. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 12:21
Ayala AG, Mackay B (1977) Ewing’s sarcoma: an ultra-structural study. In: Dybala LW, Freitag SB, Culhane DC (eds) Management of primary bone and soft tissue tumors, vol 10. Yearbook Medical, Chicago, pp 179–185
Bacci G, Capanna R, Orlandi M et al. (1985) Prognostic significance of serum lactic acid dehydrogenase in Ewing’s tumor of bone. Ric Clin Lab 15:89–96
Bacci G, Jaffe N, Emiliani E et al. (1986) Therapy for primary non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of bone and a comparison of results with Ewing’s sarcoma. Ten years’ experience at the Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli. Cancer 57:1468–1472
Baird RJ, Krause VW (1963) Ewing’s tumor: a review of 33 cases. Can J Surg 6:136–140
Bator SM, Bauer TW, Marks KE et al. (1986) Periosteal Ewing’s sarcoma. Cancer 58:1781–1784
Battifora J (1973) Hemangiopericytoma: ultrastructural study of five cases. Cancer 31:1418–1432
Bethge JFJ (1955) Die Ewingtumoren oder Omoblastome des Knochens. Differential-diagnostische und Kritische Erörterungen. Ergeb Chir Orthop 39:327–425
Bhansali SK, Desai PB (1963) Ewing’s sarcoma: observations on 107 cases. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 45:541–553
Callen DF, Smith RD, Bourne AJ (1987) Chromosomal analysis in Ewing sarcoma. Pathology 19:64–66
Cavazzana A, Miser JS, Jefferson HTL, Triche TJ (1987) Experimental evidence for a neural origin of Ewing’s sarcoma. Am J Pathol 127:507
Cavazzana AO, Magnani JL, Ross RA et al. (1988) Ewing’s sarcoma is an undifferentiated neuroectodermal tumor. Prog Clin Biol Res 271:487–498
Chan KW, Rosen G, Miller D et al. (1982) Hodgkin’s disease in adolescents presenting as a primary bone lesion. Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 4:11–17
Clayton F, Butler JJ, Ayala AG et al. (1987) Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in bone: pathologic and radiologic features with clinical correlates. Cancer 60:2494–2501
Coley BL (1960) Neoplasms of bone and related conditions: their etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment, 2nd edn. Harper (Hoeber), New York
Coley BL, Higinbotham NL, Bowden L (1948) Endothelioma of bone (Ewing’s sarcoma). Ann Surg 128:533–560
Coley BL, Higinbotham NL, Groesbeck HP (1950) Primary reticulum-cell sarcoma of bone. Summary of 37 cases. Radiology 55:641–658
Colville HC, Willis RA (1933) Neuroblastoma metastases in bone with a criticism of Ewing’s endothelioma. Am J Pathol 9:421–430
Connor CL (1926) Endothelial myeloma, Ewing. Report of fifty-four cases. Arch Surg 12:789–829
Cossman J, Schnitzer B, Deegan MJ (1977) Immunologic surface markers in non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Am J Pathol 87:19–32
Dahlin DC, Unni KK (1986) Bone tumors: general aspects and data on 8542 cases. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL
Dahlin DC, Coventry MB, Scanion PW (1961) Ewing’s sarcoma: a critical analysis of 165 cases. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 43:185–192
Dickman PS, Liotta LA, Triche TJ (1982) Ewing’s sarcoma: characterization in established cultures and evidence of its histogenesis. Lab Invest 47:375–382
Dinshaw KA, Advani SH, Nair CN et al. (1984) Primary non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of bone. Indian J Cancer 20:275–282
Dosoretz DE, Raymond AK, Murphy GF et al. (1982) Primary lymphoma of bone. The relationship of morphologic diversity to clinical behavior. Cancer 50:1009–1014
Dosoretz DE, Murphy GF, Raymond AK et al. (1983) Radiation therapy for primary lymphoma of bone. Cancer 51:44–46
Dranoff G, Bigner DD (1984) A word of caution in the use of neuron-specific enolase expression in tumor diagnosis. Editorial. Arch Pathol Lab Med 108:535
Edwards JE (1940) Primary reticulum cell sarcoma of the spine: report of a case with autopsy. Am J Pathol 16:835–844
Ewing J (1921) Diffuse endothelioma of bone. Proc NY Pathol Soc 21:17–24
Ewing J (1924) Further report on endothelial myeloma. Proc NY Pathol Soc 24:93–101
Ewing J (1939) A review of the classification of bone tumors. Surg Gynecol Obstet 68:971–976
Falini B, Binazzi R, Pileri S et al. (1988) Large cell lymphoma of bone: a report of three cases of B-cell origin. Histopathology 12:177–190
Farley FA, Healey JH, Caparros-Sison B et al. (1987) Lactate dehydrogenase as a tumor marker for recurrent disease in Ewing’s sarcoma. Cancer 59:1245–1248
Fellinger EF, Hamilton G, Salzer-Kuntschik M (1988) A new monoclonal antibody against a subgroup of malignant small round cell tumors. Proceedings of the First Meeting of the European Musculoskeletal Oncology Society (EMSOS), Vienna
Francis KC, Higinbotham NL, Coley BL (1954) Primary reticulum cell sarcoma of bone. Report of 44 cases. Surg Gynecol Obstet 99:142–146
Fraumeni JF Jr, Glass AG (1970) Rarity of Ewing’s sarcoma among US Negro children. Letter to the editor. Lancet I:366–367
Friedman B, Gold H (1968) Ultrastructure of Ewing’s sarcoma. Cancer 22:307–322
Friedman B, Hanaoka H (1971) Round cell sarcoma of bone. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 53:1118–1136
Frouge C, Vanel D, Coffre C, Covaner D, Contesso G, Sarrazin D (1988) The role of magnetic resonance in the evaluation of Ewing’s sarcoma. A report of 27 cases. Skeletal Radiol 17:387–392
Gall EA, Mallory TB (1942) Malignant lymphoma: a clinicopathologic survey of 618 cases. Am J Pathol 13:381–416
Greco MA, Steiner GC, Fazzini E (1988) Ewing’s sarcoma with epithelial differentiation: fine structural and immunocytochemical study. Ultrastruct Pathol 12: 317–325
Hou-Jensen K, Priori E, Dmochowski L (1972) Studies on ultrastructure of Ewing’s sarcoma of bone. Cancer 29:280–286
Howart JA, Thomas H, Waters KD et al. (1987) Malignant lymphoma of bone in children. Cancer 59:335–339
Hutter RVP, Foot FW Jr, Francis KC, Sherman RS (1966) Primitive multipotential primary sarcoma of bone. Cancer 99:1–25
Huvos AG (1991) Bone tumors: diagnosis, treatment, prognosis. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia
Isayama T, Iwasaki H, Kikuchi M, Yoh S, Takagishi N (1990) Neuroectodermal tumor of bone. Evidence for neural differentiation in a cultured cell line. Cancer 65:1771–1781
Isaacson P, Wright DH, Jones DB (1983) Malignant lymphoma of true histiocytic (monocyte/macrophage) origin. Cancer 51:80–91
Ivins JC, Dahlin DC (1953) Reticulum-cell sarcoma of bone. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 35:835–847
Jacobson SA (1977) Polyhistioma: a malignant tumor of bone and extra-skeletal tissues. Cancer 40:2116–2130
Jaffe N (1958) Tumors and tumorous conditions of the bones and joints. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia
Jaffe N (ed) (1979) Progress in pediatric hematology oncology, vol II. Bone tumors in children. Publishing Science Group, Acton, Massachusetts
Jaffe R, Santamaria M, Yunis EJ et al. (1984) The neuroectodermal tumor of bone. Am J Surg Pathol 8:885–898
Jeffree GH (1973) Enzymes of round cell tumours in bone and soft tissue. A histochemical survey. J Pathol 113:101–105
Johnson LC (1953) A general theory of bone tumors. Bull NY Acad Med 29:164
Johnson RE, Pomeroy TC (1975) Evaluation of therapeutic results in Ewing’s sarcoma. AJR 123:583–587
Joyce MJ, Harmon DC, Mankin HJ et al. (1984) Ewing sarcoma in female siblings: a clinical report and review of the literature. Cancer 53:1959–1962
Jurgens H, Exner V, Gadner H et al. (1988) Multidisciplinary treatment of primary Ewing’s sarcoma of bone: a 6-year experience of a European cooperative trial. Cancer 61:23–32
Kadin ME, Bensch KG (1971) On the origin of Ewing’s tumor. Cancer 27:257–273
Khanolkar VR (1948) Reticulum cell sarcoma of bone. Arch Pathol 46:467–476
Kissane JM, Askin FB, Foulkes M et al. (1983) Ewing’s sarcoma of bone: clinicopathologic aspects of 303 cases from the Intergroup Ewing’s Sarcoma Study. Hum Pathol 14:773–779
Larsson SE, Boquist L, Bergdahl L (1973) Ewing’s sarcoma: a consecutive series of 64 cases diagnosed in Sweden, 1958–1967. Clin Orthop 94:263–272
Lennert K (1975) Morphology and classification of malignant lymphomas and so-called reticuloses. Acta Neuropathol (Suppl) 6:1–16
Lewis RJ, Marcove RC, Rosen G (1977) Ewing’s sarcoma — functional effects of radiation therapy. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 59:325–331
Li FP, Tu JT, Liu FS et al. (1980) Rarity of Ewing’s sarcoma in China. Lancet I:1255
Lichtenstein L, Jaffe HL (1947) Ewing’s sarcoma of bone. Am J Pathol 23:43–78
Linden G, Dunn JE (1970) Ewing’s sarcoma in Negroes. Lancet I:1171
Llombart-Bosch A, Blache R, Peydro-Olaya A (1978) Ultrastructural study of 28 cases of Ewing’s sarcoma. Typical and atypical forms. Cancer 41:1362–1373
Llombart-Bosch A, Blache R, Peydro-Olaya A (1982) Round-cell sarcomas of bone and their differential diagnosis with particular emphasis on Ewing’s sarcoma and reticulosarcoma. A study of 233 tumors with optical and electron microscopic techniques. Pathol Annu 17:113–145
Llombart-Bosch A, Lacombe MJ, Contesso G et al. (1987) Small round blue cell sarcoma of bone mimicking atypical Ewing’s sarcoma with neuroectodermal features. Cancer 60:1570–1582
Llombart-Bosch A, Lacombe MJ, Peydro-Olaya A et al. (1988) Malignant peripheral neuroectodermal tumors of bone other than Askin’s neoplasm: characterization of 14 new cases with immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Virchows Arch [A] 412:421
Llombart-Bosch A, Carda C, Peydro-Olaya A et al. (1990) Soft tissue Ewing’s sarcoma. Characterization in established cultures and xenografts with evidence of a neuroectodermic phenotype. Cancer 66:2589–2601
Loeffler JS, Tarbell NJ, Kozakewich H et al. (1986) Primary lymphoma of bone in children: analysis of treatment results with adriamycin, prednisone, Oncovin (APO), and local radiation therapy. J Clin Oncol 4:496–501
Lukes RJ, Butler JJ (1966) The pathology and nomenclature of Hodgkin’s disease. Cancer Res 26: 1063–1081
Lukes RJ, Collins RD (1975) New approaches to the classification of the lymphomata. Br J Cancer (Suppl) 2:1–28
Lukes RJ, Craver L, Hall T, Rappaport H, Rubin P (1966) Report on nomenclature committee. Cancer Res 26 (Part I): 1311
Lumb G, Mackenzie DH (1956) Round cell tumours of bone. Br J Surg 43:380–389
Macintosh DJ, Price CHG, Jeffree GM (1975) Ewing’s tumor: a study of behavior and treatment in forty-seven cases. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 57:331–340
Macintosh DJ, Price CHG, Jeffree GM (1977) Malignant lymphoma (reticulosarcoma) in bone. Clin Oncol 3: 287–300
Magnus HA, Wood HL-C (1956) Primary reticulosarcoma of bone. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 38:258–278
Mahoney JP, Alexander RW (1978) Ewing’s sarcoma: a light- and electron-microscopic study of 21 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 2:283–298
Mahoney JP, Alexander RW (1980) Primary histiocytic lymphoma of bone: a light and ultrastructural study of four cases. Am J Surg Pathol 4:149–161
Maletz N, McMarrow LE, Greco A et al. (1986) Ewing’s sarcoma. Pathology, tissue culture, and cytogenetics. Cancer 58:252–257
Martin SE, Dwyer A, Kissane JM et al. (1982) Small-cell osteosarcoma. Cancer 50:990–996
Mathé G, Rappaport H (1976) Histological and cytological typing of neoplastic diseases of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, No. 14. World Health Organization, Geneva
McCormack LJ, Dockerty MB, Ghormley RK (1952) Ewing’s sarcoma. Cancer 5:85–99
McDonald I (1981) Malignant lymphoma associated with internal fixation of a fractured tibia. Cancer 48:1009–1011
Melnick PJ (1933) Histogenesis of Ewing’s sarcoma with postmortem of a case. Am J Pathol 19:353
Miettinen M, Lehto VP, Virtanen I (1982) Histogenesis of Ewing’s sarcoma: an evaluation of intermediate filaments and endothelial cell markers. Virchows Arch [B] 41:277–284
Miser JS, Kinsella TJ, Triche TJ et al. (1987) Treatment of peripheral neuroepithelioma in children and young adults. J Clin Oncol 5:1752–1758
Moll R, Lee I, Gould VE et al. (1987) Immunocytochemical analysis of Ewing’s tumors. Patterns of expression of intermediate filaments and desmosomal proteins indicate cell type heterogeneity and pluri-potential differentiation. Am J Pathol 127:288–304
Morris MW, Davey RF (1975) Immunologic and cytochemical properties of histiocytic and mixed histiocytic-lymphocytic lymphomas. Am J Clin Pathol 63:403–414
Nakayama I, Tsuda N, Muta H et al. (1975) Fine structure comparison of Ewing’s sarcoma with neuroblastoma. Acta Pathol Jpn 25:251–268
Nascimento AG, Unni KK, Pritchard DJ et al. (1980) A clinicopathologic study of 20 cases of large-cell (atypical) Ewing sarcoma of bone. Am J Surg Pathol 4:29–36
Navas-Palacios JJ, Aparicio-Duque R, Valdés MD (1984) On the histogenesis of Ewing’s sarcoma. An ultra-structural immunohistochemical and cytochemical study. Cancer 53:1882–1901
Neff JR (1986) Nonmetastatic Ewing’s sarcoma of bone: the role of surgical therapy. Clin Orthop 204:111–117
Oberling C (1928) Les reticulosarcomes et les reticulo-endotheliosarcomes de la moelle osseuse (sarcomes d’Ewing). Bull Assoc Fr Etude Cancer 17:259–296
Oberling CP, Raileanu C (1932) Nouvelles recherches sur les reticulosarcomes de la moelle osseuse (sarcomes d’Ewing). Bull Assoc Fr Etude Cancer 21:333–345
Osborn M, Dirk TH, Kaser H et al. (1986) Immunohistochemical localization of neurofilaments and neuron-specific enolase in 29 cases of neuroblastoma. Am J Pathol 122:433
Ostrowski ML, Unni KK, Banks PM et al. (1986) Malignant lymphoma of bone. Cancer 58:2646–2655
Parker F Jr, Jackson H Jr (1939) Primary reticulum cell sarcoma of bone. Surg Gynecol Obstet 68:45–53
Pinto A, Grant LH, Hayes FA et al. (1989) Immunohistochemical expression of neuron-specific enolase and Leu 7 in Ewing’s sarcoma of bone. Cancer 64:1266
Polak M, Schajowicz F (1949) Patología e histogénesis del reticulosarcoma de los huesos. Rev Asoc Med Argent 63:162–170
Pomeroy TC, Johnson RE (1975) Combined modality therapy of Ewing’s sarcoma. Cancer 35:36–47
Povysil C, Matejovsky Z (1977) Ultrastructure of Ewing’s tumor. Virchows Arch [A] 374:303–316
Price CHG (1973) Discussion. In: Price CHG, Ross FGM (eds) Bone: certain aspects of neoplasia. F.A. Davis, Philadelphia
Price CHG, Jeffree GM (1977) Incidence of bone sarcoma in SW England, 1946–74, in relation to age, sex, tumour site and histology. Br J Cancer 36:511–522
Prieto F, Badia L, Montalar J et al. (1985) Translocation (11;22) in Ewing’s sarcoma. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 17:87–89
Pritchard DJ, Dahlin DC, Dauphine RT, Taylor WR, Beabout JW (1975) Ewing’s sarcoma: a clinicopatho-logical and statistical analysis of patients surviving five years or longer. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 57:10–16
Rappaport H (1966) Tumors of the hematopoietic system. In: Atlas of tumor pathology, Sect III, Fasc 8. Armed Forces of Pathology, Washington, DC
Reimer RR, Chabner BA, Young RC et al. (1977) Lymphoma presenting in bone: results of histopathology, staging, and therapy. Ann Intern Med 87:50–55
Rice RW, Cabot A, Johnston A (1973) The application of electron microscopy to the diagnostic differentiation of Ewing’s sarcoma and reticulum cell sarcoma of bone. Clin Orthop 97:174–184
Rosenberg SA, Berard CW, Brown BW (1982) National Cancer Institute sponsored study of classifications of non-Hodgkms lymphomas. Cancer 49:2112–2135
Salzer-Kuntschik M (1976) Cytologic and cytochemical behavior of primary malignant bone tumors. In: Grundmann E (ed) Malignant bone tumors. Springer, New York Berlin Heidelberg, pp 145–156
Schajowicz F (1959) Ewing’s sarcoma and reticulum cell sarcoma of bone. With special reference to the histo-chemcal demonstration of glycogen as an aid to differential diagnosis. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 41: 185–192
Schajowicz F (1973) Differential diagnosis of Ewing’s sarcoma. Proc Symp Colston Res Soc 24:189–205
Schajowicz F (1981) Tumors and tumorlike lesions of bone and joints. Springer, New York Berlin Heidelberg
Schajowicz F, Cabrini RL (1954) Histochemical studies of bone in normal and pathological conditions. With special reference to alkaline phosphatase, glycogen and mucopolysaccharides. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 36:474–489
Schajowicz F, McGuire MH (1989) Diagnostic difficulties in skeletal pathology. Clin Orthop 240:281
Schajowicz F, Ackerman LV, Sissons HA (1972) Histological typing of bone tumours. World Health Organization, Geneva
Schmidt D, Mackay B, Ayala AG (1982) Ewing’s sarcoma with neuroblastoma-like features. Ultrastruct Pathol 3:143–151
Shoji H, Miller TR (1971) Primary reticulum cell sarcoma of bone. Significance of clinical features upon the prognosis. Cancer 28:1234–1244
Sim FH, Unni KK, Beabout JW, Dahin DD (1979) Osteosarcoma with small cells simulating Ewing’s tumor of bone. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 61:207
Steiner GC, Graham S, Lewis MM (1988) Malignant round cell tumor of bone with neural differentiation (neuroectodermal tumor). Ultrastruct Pathol 12: 505–512
Stout AP (1943) A discussion of the pathogenesis and histogenesis of Ewing’s tumor of bone marrow. AJR 50:334–342
Strege DW, Manel DP, Vogler C, Schajowicz F (1990) Ewing’s sarcoma in a phalanx of an infant’s finger. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 71:1262–1265
Sundaram M, Merenda G, McGuire M (1990) A skip lesion in association with Ewing’s sarcoma. Report of a case. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 71:764–768
Takahashi K, Sato T, Kojima M (1976) Cytological characterization and histogenesis of Ewing’s sarcoma. Acta Pathol Jpn 26:167–190
Tayton KJJ (1980) Ewing’s sarcoma at the site of a metal plate. Cancer 45:413–415
Telles NC, Rabson AS, Pomeroy TC (1978) Ewing’s sarcoma: an autopsy study. Cancer 41:2321–2329
Thomas P, Battifora H, Maderino GL, Patrick J (1987) A monoclonal antibody against neuron-specific enolase: immunohistochemical comparison with a polyclonal antiserum. Am J Clin Pathol 88:146
Triche TJ, Askin FB (1983) Neuroblastoma and the differential diagnosis of small round blue cell tumors. Hum Pathol 14:569
Triche TJ, Ross WE (1978) Glycogen-containing neuroblastoma with clinical and histopathologic features of Ewing’s sarcoma. Cancer 41:1425–1432
Tsokos M, Linnoilo RI, Chandra RS, Triche TJ (1984) Neuron-specific enolase in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma and other small round-cell tumors in children. Hum Pathol 15:575
Turc-Carel C, Phillip I, Berger MP et al. (1983) Chromosomal translocation in Ewing’s sarcoma. N Engl J Med 309:497
Turc-Carel C, Phillip I, Berger MP et al. (1984) Chromosome study of Ewing’s sarcoma (ES) cell lines. Consistency of a reciprocal translocation t(ll;22) (q24;ql2). Cancer Genet Cytogenet 12:1–19
Turc-Carel C, Aurias A, Mugneret F et al. (1988) Chromosomes in Ewing’s sarcoma. I. An evaluation of 85 cases of remarkable consistency of t(ll;22) (q24;ql2). Cancer Genet Cytogenet 32:229–238
Ueda T, Aozasa K, Ohsawa M et al. (1989) Malignant lymphomas of bone in Japan. Cancer 64:2387–2392
Uehlinger E, Botstejn C, Schinz HR (1948) Ewingsarkom und Knochenretikulosarkom. Klinik, Diagnose und Differential-diagnose. Oncologia 1:193–245
Valls J, Muscolo D, Schajowicz F (1952) Reticulum-cell sarcoma of bone. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 34:588–598
Whang-Peng J, Triche TJ, Knutsen T et al. (1984) Chromosome translocation in peripheral neuroepithelioma. N Engl J Med 311:584
Wick MR, Abenoza P, Manivel JC (1988) Diagnostic immunohistopathology. In: Gnepp DR (ed) Pathology of the head and neck. Churchill Livingstone, New York, pp 216–217
Wick R, Scheithauer BN, Hovasc H (1983) Neuron-specific enolase in neuroendocrine tumor, thymus, bronchus and skin. Am J Clin Pathol 29:703
Wigger HJ, Salazar GH, Blanc WA (1977) Extra-skeletal Ewing’s sarcoma. An ultrastructural study. Arch Pathol Lab Med 101:446–449
Wilkins RM, Pritchard DJ, Burgert EO Jr et al. (1986) Ewing’s sarcoma of bone. Experience with 140 patients. Cancer 58:2552–2555
Williams AO (1975) Tumors of childhood in Ibadan, Nigeria. Cancer 36:370–378
Willis RA (1940) Metastatic neuroblastoma in bone presenting the Ewing’s syndrome with a discussion of “Ewing’s sarcoma.” Am J Pathol 16:317–329
Willis RA (1967) Ewing’s tumor. In: Pathology of tumors, 4th edn. Butterworth, London
Wilson RW, Pugh DG (1955) Primary reticulum-cell sarcoma of bone, with emphasis on roentgen aspects. Radiology 65:343–351
Yunis EJ (1986) Ewing’s sarcoma and related small round cell neoplasms of children. In: Arthur Purdy Stout Symposium. Am J Surg Pathol 10[Suppl]:54–62
Yunis EJ, Walpusk JA, Agostini RM et al. (1979) Glycogen in neuroblastomas. A light- and electron-microscopic study of 40 cases. Am J Surg Pathol 3:313–323
Myeloma
Alexanian R, Salmon S, Bonnet J et al. (1977) Combination therapy for multiple myeloma. Cancer 40: 2765–2771
Azar HA (1977) Plasma cell myelomatosis and other monoclonal gammapathies. In: Sheldon C (ed) Animal pathology. Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York, pp 463–489
Azar HA, Potter M (1973) Multiple myeloma and related disorders, vol 1. Harper & Row, New York
Azar HA, Zaino EC, Pham TD, Yannopoulos K (1972) “Nonsecretory” plasma cell myeloma. Observations on seven cases with electron microscope studies. Am J Clin Pathol 58:618
Bacci G, Calderoni P, Cervellati C et al. (1982) Solitary plasmacytoma of bone: a report on 19 cases. Ital J Orthop Traumatol 8:469–478
Bardwick PA, Zwaifler NJ, Grill GN et al. (1980) Plasma cell dyscrasia with polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M protein, and skin changes: the POEMS syndrome. Medicine 59:311–322
Bataille R, Sany J (1981) Solitary myeloma: clinical and prognostic features of a review of 114 cases. Cancer 48:845–851
Bataille R, Chevalier J, Rossi M et al. (1982) Bone scintigraphy in plasma-cell myeloma: a prospective study of 70 patients. Radiology 145:801–804
Bayrd ED, Bennett WA (1950) Amyloidosis complicating myeloma. Med Clin North Am 34:1151–1164
Berard CW, Dorfman F (1974) Histopathology of malignant lymphoma. Clin Haematol 3:39
Bernstein SC, Perez-Atayde AR, Weinstein HJ (1985) Multiple myeloma in a child. Cancer 56:2143–2147
Bichel J, Kirketerp P (1938) Notes on myeloma. Acta Radiol 19:487–503
Blattner WA, Blair A, Mason TJ (1981) Multiple myeloma in the United States, 1950–1975. Cancer 48:2547–2554
Braunsteiner H, Fellinger K, Pakesch F (1953) Demonstration of a cytoplasmic structure in plasma cells. Blood 8:916–922
Braylan RC, Jaffe ES, Berard CW (1975) Malignant lymphomas. Current classification and new observations. Pathol Annu 10:213–270
Christopherson WM, Miller HJ (1950) Reevaluation of solitary plasma-cell myeloma of bone. Cancer 3:240–252
Clarisse PDT, Staple TW (1971) Diffuse bone sclerosis in multiple myeloma. Radiology 99:327–328
Cohen DM, Svien HJ, Dahlin DC (1964) Long-term survival of patients with myeloma of the vertebral column. JAMA 187:914–917
Cooperative Study by Acute Leukemia Group B (1975) Correlation of abnormal immunoglobulin with clinical features of myeloma. Arch Intern Med 135:46–52
Costa G, Engle RL Jr, Schilling A et al. (1973) Melphalan and prednisone: an effective combination for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Am J Med 54:589–599
Dahlin DC (1978) Bone tumors, 3rd edn. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, IL
Dahlin DC, Dockerty MB (1950) Amyloid and myeloma. Am J Pathol 26:581–593
Dalrymple J (1846) On the microscopical character of mollities ossium. Dublin QJ Med Sci 2:85–145
Edeiken J, Hodes PJ (1977) Roentgen diagnosis of disease of bone. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore
Engels EP, Smith RC, Krantz S (1960) Bone sclerosis in multiple myeloma. Radiology 75:242–247
Ford HC, Casey BR, Walker S et al. (1980) Multiple myeloma with an IgD kappa monoclonal protein. Am J Clin Pathol 74:105–107
Gootnick LT (1945) Solitary myeloma: review of sixty-one cases. Radiology 45:385–391
Gordon J, Schneider B (1940) Plasma-cell myeloma in a child. Report of a case. Int Clin 4:173–181
Gravano L, Schajowicz F, Menzani A, Vaccaro A (1970) Mieloma múltiple de forma osteoblástica. Prensa Med Argent 57:1654–1663
Griffiths DLL (1966) Orthopaedic aspects of myelomatosis. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 48:703–728
Hellwig CA (1943) Extramedullary plasma cell tumors as observed in various locations. Arch Pathol 36:95–111
Hewell GM, Alexanian R (1976) Multiple myeloma in young persons. Ann Intern Med 84:441–443
Jaffe HL (1958) Tumors and tumorous conditions of the bones and joints. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia
Jennette JC, Wilkman AS, Benson JD (1981) IgD myeloma with intracytoplasmic crystalline inclusions. Am J Clin Pathol 74:231–235
Kahler O (1889) Zur Symptomatologie des multiplen Myeloms. Wien Med Presse 30:209–213, 253–255
Kavanaugh JH (1978) Multiple myeloma, amyloid arthropathy, and pathological fracture of the femur. A case report. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 60:135–137
Kobayashi H, Ii K, Sano T et al. (1985) Plasma-cell dyscrasia with polyneuropathy and endocrine disorders associated with dysfunction of salivary glands. Am J Surg Pathol 9:759–763
Kyle RA (1975) Multiple myeloma: review of 869 cases. Mayo Clin Proc 50:29–40
Kyle RA (1984) Treatment of multiple myeloma: a small step forward? N Engl J Med 310:1382–1383
Kyle RA, Bayrd ED (1961) “Primary” systemic amyloidosis and myeloma: discussion of relationship and review of 81 cases. Arch Intern Med 107:344–353
Kyle RA, Maldonado JE, Bayrd ED (1974) Plasma cell leukemia. Report of 17 cases. Arch Intern Med 133: 813
Lazarus HM, Kellermeyer RW, Masamichi A et al. (1980) Multiple myeloma in young men: clinical course and electron microscopic studies of bone marrow plasma cells. Cancer 46:1397–1400
Lee BJ, Sahakian G, Clarkson BD et al. (1974) Combination chemotherapy of multiple myeloma with Alkeran, Cytoxan, vincristine, prednisone, and BCNU. Cancer 33:533–538
Leech SH, Bryan CF, Elston RC et al. (1983) Genetic studies in multiple myeloma. 1. Association with HLA-CW5. Cancer 51:1408–1411
Lichtenstein L (1977) Bone tumors, 5th edn. C.V. Mosby, St. Louis
Lièvre AJ (1955) Myelome multiple et myelomatose decalcificant diffuse. Presse Med 65:577
Lowbeer L (1969) Occurrence of osteosclerosis in multiple myeloma. Lab Med 10:396–397
Lowell DM (1967) Amyloid-producing plasmacytoma of the pelvis: case report and review of the literature. Arch Surg 94:899–903
Maclntyre W (1850) Case of mollities and fragilitas ossium accompanied with urine strongly charged with animal matter. Med Chir Soc Trans 33:211–232
Maeda K, Abesamis CM, Kuhn LM, Hyun BH (1973) Multiple myeloma in childhood: report of a case with breast tumors as a presenting manifestation. Am J Clin Pathol 60:552
Maldonado JE (1965) The ultrastructure of the myeloma cell. Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Minnesota
Maldonado JE, Brown AL Jr, Bayrd ED et al. (1966) Ultrastructure of the myeloma cell. Cancer 19:1613–1627
Mangalik A, Veliath AJ (1971) Osteosclerotic myeloma and peripheral neuropathy: a case report. Cancer 28:1040–1045
Mathe G, Rappaport H (1976) Histological and cytological typing of neoplastic disease of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. International classification of tumours, No 14. World Health Organization, Geneva
McLauchlan J (1973) Solitary myeloma of the clavicle with long survival after total excision: report of a case. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 55:357–358
Meis JM, Butler JJ, Osborne BM et al. (1987) Solitary plasmacytomas of bone and extramedullary plasmacytomas. A clinicopathologic and immunohisto-chemical study. Cancer 59:1475–1485
Meyer JE, Schulz MD (1974) “Solitary” myeloma of bone: a review of 12 cases. Cancer 34:438–440
Mill WB, Griffith R (1980) The role of radiation therapy in the management of plasma cell tumors. Cancer 45: 647–652
Morley JB, Schweiger AC (1967) The relation between chronic polyneuropathy and osteosclerotic myeloma. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 30:432–442
Mundy GR, Raisz LG, Cooper RA, Schechter GP, Salmon SE (1974) Evidence for the secretion of an osteoclast stimulating factor in myeloma. N Engl J Med 291:1041–1046
Nelson MG, Lyons AR (1957) Plasmacytoma of lymph glands. Cancer 10:1275–1280
Nordenson NG (1966) Myelomatosis, a clinical review of 310 cases. Acta Med Scand [Suppl] 179:178–183
Okano H, Azar HA, Osserman EF (1966) Plasmacytic reticulum cell sarcoma: case report with electron microscopic studies. Am J Clin Pathol 46:546–555
Osserman EF, Takasuki K (1963) Plasma cell myeloma. Gamma globulin synthesis and structure. A review of biochemical and clinical data, with the description of a newly-recognized and related syndrome, “Hγ-2-chain (Franklin’s) disease.” Am J Med 42:357–384
Pasmantier MW, Azar HA (1969) Extraskeletal spread in multiple plasma cell myeloma: a review of 57 autopsied cases. Cancer 23:167–174
Porter FS Jr (1963) Multiple myeloma in a child. J Pediatr 62:602–604
Ramóny Cajal S (1906) Quelques antecedents histioriques ignorés sur les Plasmazellen. Anat Anz 29:666–673
Rappaport H (1966) Tumors of the hematopoietic system. In: Atlas of tumor pathology, Sect III, Fasc 8. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC
Resnick D, Niwayama G (1988) Diagnosis of bone and joint disorders, 2nd edn, vol 6. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia
Rustizky JV (1873) Multiples myelom. Dtsch Z Chir 3: 162–172
Schajowicz F, Ackerman LV, Sissons HA (1972) Histological typing of bone tumours. World Health Organization, Geneva
Schmaus KA (1950) Multiples Myeloma (Plasmacytom) bei einem Jugendichlen. Chirurg 21:48–50
Slavens JJ (1934) Multiple myeloma in a child. Am J Dis Child 47:821–835
Smetana K, Györkey F, Györkey P, Busch H (1973) Ultrastructural studies on human myeloma plasma-cytes. Cancer Res 33:2300–2309
Snapper I, Kahn A (1971) Myelomatosis. Fundamentals and clinical features. University Park Press, Baltimore, Maryland
Spjut HJ, Dorfman HD, Fechner RE, Ackerman LV (1971) Tumors of bone and cartilage. Atlas of tumor pathology, 2nd series. Fasc 5. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC
Stener B (1974) Resección de columna en el tratamiento de los tumores vertebrales. Arch Ortop Lat Am 1:189
Takatsuki K, Sanada I (1983) Plasma cell dyscrasia with polyneuropathy and endocrine disorders (clinical aspects). Pathol Clin Med 12:1663–1668
Tompkins EH (1960) The conversion of lymphocytes with “atypical nuclei” into plasma cells of the Marschalko type. Am J Pathol 37:175–189
Valderrama JAF, Bullough PG (1968) Solitary myeloma of the spine. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 50:82–90
Valenzuela R, Govindarajan S, Tubbs R et al. (1979) IgD myeloma: report of a case with unusual clinical and immunologic features. Am J Clin Pathol 72:246–250
Waldenström J (1970) Diagnosis and treatment of multiple myeloma. Grune & Stratton, New York
Weissenbach P, Lièvre JA (1958) Myelomatose decalcificante diffuse. Bull Mem Hosp Paris, pp 1127, 1851
Wright JH (1900) A case of multiple myeloma. Trans Assoc Am Physicians 15:137–145
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer-verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Schajowicz, F. (1994). Marrow Tumors (Round-Cell Tumors). In: Tumors and Tumorlike Lesions of Bone. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-49954-8_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-49954-8_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-49956-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-49954-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive