Zusammenfassung
Das Nervensystem vermittelt Nachrichten zwischen der Außenwelt und dem Organismus und zwischen den verschiedenen Stellen und Organen des Körpers. Viele der wichtigsten Funktionen unterstehen der Kontrolle des Nervensystems. Das Gehirn ist der Sitz des Denkens, des menschlichen Intellekts. Im Hinblick auf diese überragende Bedeutung des Nervensystems ist es leicht verständlich, daß Galvanis Ideen über Elektrizität im Nerven mit großer Leidenschaft nicht nur von der wissenschaftlichen Welt, sondern von allen Gebildeten aufgenommen wurden. Die Kritik seiner Auslegungen durch seinen Landsmann Volta war zwar berechtigt. Nichtsdestoweniger stellte es sich heraus, daß Nerventätigkeit tatsächlich mit elektrischen Strömen verknüpft ist. Es dauerte allerdings ein halbes Jahrhundert, bis diese Tatsache durch die Beobachtungen von Matteuci aus Pisa und vor allem durch die klassischen Arbeiten von DuBois-Reymond eindeutig festgestellt wurde. Seitdem, d. h. ungefähr ein Jahrhundert lang, waren fast alle Anstrengungen der Nervenphysiologie mehr oder weniger dem Studium dieser elektrischen Erscheinungen gewidmet. Die Verfügbarkeit hochempfindlicher Meßapparate begünstigte einen schnellen Fortschritt auf diesem Gebiete; besonders durch die Einführung des Kathodenstrahlenoscillographen durch Erlanger und Gasser vor etwa 30 Jahren wurde ein hoher Grad von Vollkommenheit der elektrophysiologischen Meßmethoden erreicht.
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Nachmansohn, D. (1955). Die Rolle des Acetylcholins in den Elementarvorgängen der Nervenleitung. In: Krayer, O., et al. Ergebnisse der Physiologie Biologischen Chemie und Experimentellen Pharmakologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-49715-5_11
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