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Eukaryotic Mismatch Repair

  • Chapter
DNA Repair

Part of the book series: Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology ((NUCLEIC,volume 12))

Abstract

An important property of DNA in all living cells is its ability to form an antiparallel double helix that is stabilized by Watson-Crick pairing between complementary bases. This structural concept provides the basis for templatedirected DNA dynamic processes such as replication, repair and recombination. However, fidelity of inheritance and genomic stability in populations is only possible if cells maintain a surveillance system capable of monitoring the state of base-pairing in their DNA and of correcting anomalous pairing in a conservative way. In principle, two types of mispairing can occur in the DNA double helix: base-base mismatches and insertion/deletion loops (IDL). Base-base mismatches consist of non-complementary juxtaposed bases and can be of purine-pyrimidine (G·T, A·C), purine-purine (G·G, G·A, A·A) or pyrimidine-pyrimidine (T·T, T·C, C·C) type. In the absence of repair, purinepyrimidine mispairs give rise to transition mutations in 50% of the progeny DNA following DNA replication, whereas the other mispair types lead to transversion mutations. IDLs are generated by strand slippage or misalignment due to insertion or deletion of one or more nucleotides in one of the complementary DNA strands.

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  1. Institute for Medical Radiobiology, August-Forel Str. 7, 8029, Zürich, Switzerland

    P. Schär & J. Jiricny

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  1. P. Schär
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  1. Max-Planck-Institut für Experimentelle Medizin, Hermann-Rein-Straße 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany

    Fritz Eckstein

  2. Biochemistry Department, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK

    David M. J. Lilley

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Schär, P., Jiricny, J. (1998). Eukaryotic Mismatch Repair. In: Eckstein, F., Lilley, D.M.J. (eds) DNA Repair. Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology, vol 12. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48770-5_10

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