Skip to main content

Comparative Organic Geochemical Studies of Recent Algal Mats and Sediments of Algal Origin

  • Conference paper
Book cover Biogeochemistry of Ancient and Modern Environments

Abstract

Organic geochemical studies of contemporary algal mats and organisms play a very important role in furthering our understanding of the history of marine and freshwater sediments of predominantly algal and bacterial origin. Blue-green algae are of special interest because of their ability to survive under conditions, such as hypersaline and reducing environments, which favour the preservation of organic matter. Further interest in contemporary algae arises from the search for the origins of unicellular life on earth. Micro-structures referred to as exhibiting “algal-like” and “filamentous” morphologies occur in cherts from South Africa that are older than 3 Gyr (Schopf and Barghoorn, 1967).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Awramik, S.M., Golubic, S. and Barghoorn, E.S., 1972. Blue-green algal cell degradation and its implication for the fossil record. Geol. Soc. Am., Abstr. Programs, 4: 438.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barghoorn, E.S., Meinschein, W.G. and Schopf, J.W., 1965. Paleobiology of a Precambrian shale. Science, 148: 461 - 472.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Behrens, E.W. and Frishman, S.A., 1971. Stable carbon isotopes in blue-green algal mats. J. Geol., 79: 94 - 100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bracewell, J.M., Robertson, G.W. and Tate, K.R., 1976. Pyrolysis gas chromatography studies on a climosequence of soils in Tussock Grasslands, New Zealand. Geoderma, 15: 209 - 215.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, P.W., Eglinton, G., Gaskell, S.J., McHugh, D.J., Maxwell, J.R. and Philp, R.P., 1976. Lipids of recent sediments - (I) Straight chain hydrocarbons and carboxylic acids of some temperate lacustrine and sub-tropical lagoonal/tidal flat sediments. Chem. Geol., 18: 21 - 38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burlingame, A.L., Haug, P.A., Schnoes, H.K. and Simmoneit, B.R., 1969. Fatty acids derived from the Green River oil shale by extractions and oxidations - a review. In: P.A. Schenck and I. Havenaar (Eds), Advances in Org. Geochem., 1968. Pergamon, Oxford, pp. 85 - 129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cardoso, J.N.,Brooks,P.W., Eglinton, G., Goodfellow, R., Maxwell, J.R. and Philp, R.P., 1975. Lipids of recently deposited algal mats at Laguna Mormona, Baja California. In: J. Nriagu (Ed.), Environmental Biogeochemistry, vol.l. Ann Arbor Science, MI, pp. 149 - 175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cardoso, J.N., Watts, C.D., Maxwell, J.R., Goodfellow, R., Eglinton, G. and Golubic, S., 1978. A biogeochemical study of the Abu Dhabi algal mats. A simplified ecosystem. Chem. Geol., 23: 273 - 291.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cranwell, P.A., 1973. Branched-chain and cyclopropanoid acids in a recent sediment. Chem. Geol., 11: 307 - 313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cranwell, P.A., 1976a. Decomposition of aquatic biota and sediment formation: organic compounds in detritus resulting from microbial attack on the alga Ceratium Rirundinella. Freshwater Biol., 6: 41 - 48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cranwell, P.A., 1976b. Organic geochemistry of lake sediments. In: J.O. Nriagu (Ed.), Environmental Biogeochemistry, vol.l. Ann Arbor Science, MI, pp. 75 - 88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cranwell, P.A., 1978. Extractable and bound lipid components in a freshwater sediment. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 42: 1523 - 1532.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Souza, N.J. and Nes, W.R., 1968. Sterols: Isolation from blue-green alga. Science, 162: 363.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Didyk, B.M., Simoneit, B.R.T., Brassell, S.C. and Eglinton, G., 1978. Organic geochemical indicators of palaeoenvironmental conditions of sedimentation. Nature, 272: 216 - 222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dungworth, G. and Schwartz, A.W., 1972. Kerogen isolates from the Precambrian of South Africa and Australia: Analysis for carbonised micro-organisms and pyrolysis gas liquid chromatography. In: H.R.V. Gaertner and H. Wehner (Eds), Advances in Org. Geochemistry, 1971, Permagon, Oxford, pp. 699 - 707.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eglinton, G., 1973. Chemical fossils. A combined organic geochemical and environmental approach. Pure Appl. Chem., 34: 611 - 632.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erwin, J.A., 1973. Comparative biochemistry of fatty acids in eukaryotic micro-organisms. In: J.A. Erwin (Ed.), Lipids and Biomembranes of Eukaryotic Microorganisms. Academic Press, NY, pp. 41 - 143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forster, H.J., Biemann, K., Haigh, W.G., Tattrie, N.H.D. and Colvin, J.R., 1973. The structure of novel C35 pentacyclic terpenes from Acetobacter Xylinum. Biochem. J., 135: 133 - 143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gaskell, S.J. and Eglinton, G., 1975. Rapid hydrogenation of sterols in a contemporary lacustrine sediment. Nature, 254: 209 - 211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gaskell, S.J. and Eglinton, G., 1976. Sterols of a contemporary lacustrine sediment. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 40: 1221 - 1229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gelpi, E.H., Schneider, H., Mann, J. and Oro, J., 1970. Hydrocarbons of geochemical significance in microscopic algae. Phytochemistry, 9: 603 - 612.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Golubic, S. and Campbell, S.E., 1979. Analogous microbial forms in recent subaerial habitats and in Precambrian cherts - Gloeothece coerulea Geither and Eosynechococcus moorei Hofmann. Precambr. Res., 8: 201 - 217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, W-Y. and Meinschein, W.G., 1978. Sterols in sediments from Baffin Bay, Texas. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 42: 1391 - 1397.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Han, J., McCarthy, E.D., Van Hoeven, W., Calvin, M. and Bradley, W.H., 1968. Organic geochemical studies. II - Preliminary report on the distribution of aliphatic hydrocarbons in algae, in bacteria and in recent lake sediment. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 59: 29 - 33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Han, J. and Calvin, M., 1969. Occurrence of fatty acids and aliphatic hydrocarbons in a 3.4 billion-year-old sediment. Nature, 224: 576 - 577.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoering, T.C., 1965. The extractable organic matter in Precambrian rocks and the problem of contamination. Carnegie Institute Yearbook, 64: 215 - 218.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoering, T.C., 1967. Organic geochemistry of Precambrian rocks. In: P.H. Abelson (Ed.), Researches in Geochemistry. John Wiley and Sons, NY, pp. 87 - 111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Javor, B., Brassell, S.C. and Eglinton, G., 1979. A laboratory/field method for radiolabelled incubation studies in algal-bacterial mats and other microbial ecosystems. Oceanolog, Acta, 2: 19 - 22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johns, R.B., Belsky, T., McCarthy, E.D., Burlingame, A.L., Haug, P., Schnoes, H.K., Richter, W. and Calvin, M., 1966. The organic geochemistry of ancient sediments II. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 30: 1191 - 1222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Larter, S. and Douglas, A.G., 1978. Low molecular weight aromatic hydrocarbons in coal maceral pyrolysates as indicators of diagenesis and organic matter type. In: W.E. Krumbein (Ed.), Environmental Biogeochemistry and Geomicrobiology, vol.l. Ann Arbor Science, MI, pp. 373 - 386.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacLeod, W.D., 1968. Combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of complex hydrocarbon trace residues in sediments. J. Gas Chromatogr., 6: 591 - 594.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKirdy, D.M., 1974. Organic geochemistry in Precambrian research. Precambr. Res., 1: 75 - 137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maters, W.L., van de Meent, D., Schuyl, P.J.W., de Leeuw, J.W., Schenck, P.A. and Meuzelaar, H.L.C., 1977. Curie point pyrolysis in organic geochemistry. In: C.E.R. Jones and C.A. Cramers (Eds), Analytical Pyrolysis, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 203 - 216.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meuzelaar, H.L.C., Heider, K., Nagar, B.R. and Martin, A.J.P., 1977. Comparative studies of pyrolysis mass spectra of melanins, model phenolic polymers and humic acids. Geoderma, 17: 239 - 252.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nishimura, M. and Koyama, T., 1976. Sterols and stanols in lake sediments and diatoms. Chem. Geol., 17: 229 - 239.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oro, J. and Nooner, D.W., 1970. Aliphatic hydrocarbons from the Precambrian of North America and South Africa. In: G.D. Hobson and G.C. Speers (Eds), Advances in Organic Geochemistry, 1966. Pergamon, Oxford, pp. 493 - 506.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parker, P.L. and Leo, R.F., 1965. Fatty acids in blue green algal mat communities. Science, 184: 373 - 374.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Philp, R.P., Brown, S., Calvin, M., Brassell, S. and Eglinton, G., 1978a. Hydrocarbons and fatty acids in recently deposited algal mats at Laguna Guerrero, Baja California. In: W. Krumbein (Ed.), Environmental Biogeochemistry and Geomicrobiology, vol.l. Ann Arbor Science, MI, pp. 255 - 277.

    Google Scholar 

  • Philp, R.P., Calvin, M., Brown, S. and Yang, E., 1978b. Organic geochemical studies on kerogen precursors in recently-deposited algal mats and oozes. Chem. Geol., 22: 207 - 231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reitz, R.C. and Hamilton, J.G., 1968. The isolation and identification of two stenols from two species of blue-green algae. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 25: 401 - 416.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rohmer, G. and Ourisson, G., 1976. The structure of bacteriohopanetetrols of Acetobacter xylinum. Tetrahedron Lett., 3633 - 3636.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubinstein, I., Sieskind, O. and Albrecht, P., 1975. Rearranged sterenes in a shale: Occurrence and simulated formation. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. I., 1833 - 1836.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saxby, J.D., 1976. Chemical separation and characterization of kerogen from oil shales. In: T.F. Yen and G.V. Chilingarian (Eds), Oil Shale. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 103 - 122.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Schopf, J.W., 1970. Precambrian micro-organisms and evolutionary events prior to the origin of vascular plants. Biol. Rev., 45: 319 - 352.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schopf, J.W. and Barghoorn, E.S., 1967. Alga-like fossils from the early Precambrian of South Africa. Science, 156: 508 - 512.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, W.M., Modzeleski, V.E. and Nagy, B., 1970. Pyrolysis of early Precambrian Onverwacht organic matter (>3x109 yr old). Nature, 225: 1129 - 1130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, N., 1974. Lipid composition as a guide to the classification of bacteria. Ad. Appl. Microbiol., 17: 63 - 108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, J.W., Schopf, J.W. and Kaplan, I.R., 1970. Extractable organic matter in Precambrian cherts. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 34: 659 - 675.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teshima, S. and Kanazawa, A., 1972. Occurrence of sterols in the blue-green alga, Anabaena cylindrica. Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish., 38: 1197 - 1202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tibbetts, P.J.C., Maxwell, J.R. and Golubic, S., 1978. Algal mat and ooze from Laguna Mormona, Baja California. In: W.E. Krumbein (Ed.), Environmental Biogeochemistry and Geomicrobiology, vol.l. Ann Arbor Science, MI, pp. 271 - 287.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watts, C.D., Maxwell, J.R. and Kjsen, H., 1977. The potential of carotenoids as environmental indicators. In: R. Campos and J. Goni (Eds), Advances in Organic Geochemistry, 1975. Enadimsa, Madrid, pp. 391 - 413.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winters, K., Parker, P.L. and Van Baalen, C., 1969. Hydrocarbons of blue-green algae: geochemical significance. Science, 163: 467 - 468.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zumberge, J.E., 1975. Analysis of the polymeric structure of kerogen in a Transvaal stroma-tolite, 2.3 x 109 yrs old. Geol. Soc. Am., Abstr. Programs, 7: 1329.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1980 Australian Academy of Science

About this paper

Cite this paper

Philp, R.P. (1980). Comparative Organic Geochemical Studies of Recent Algal Mats and Sediments of Algal Origin. In: Trudinger, P.A., Walter, M.R., Ralph, B.J. (eds) Biogeochemistry of Ancient and Modern Environments. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48739-2_19

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48739-2_19

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-48741-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-48739-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics