Abstract
The most dominant polysaccharide of the cell wall is cellulose. The universal distribution of this natural polymer among procaryotic and eucaryotic organisms attests to its ancient evolutionary history. Not only is cellulose found among photosynthetic and protistan cells, it is present in animals such as the Ascidians (Wardrop, 1970). Furthermore, levels of elevated cellulose synthesis have been suggested in humans with the disease scleroderma (Hall, et al, 1960).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Blackwell J, Lee DM, Kurz D, Su MY (1986) Structure of cellulose-solvent complexes. In: Young R, Rowell RM (eds) Cellulose-Structure, Modification, and Hydrolysis. John Wiley and Sons, New York, p 51–66.
Brown Jr RM, Montezinos DL (1976) Cellulose microfibrils: visualization of biosynthetic and orienting complexes in association with the plasma membrane. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 73: 143–147.
Brown Jr RM, Willison JHM, Richardson CL (1976) Cellulose biosynthesis in Acetobacter xylinum: visualization of the site of synthesis and direct measurement of the in vivo process. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 73: 4565–4569.
Brown Jr RM, Colpitts TJ (1978) Direct visualization of cellulose synthesis by high resolution darkfield microscopy and time-lapse cinematography. J Cell Biol 79 (2): 157a.
Brown Jr RM (1985) John Innes Symposium–Cellulose microfibril assembly and orientation: recent developments. J Cell Sci Suppl 2: 13–32.
Brown Jr RM, Lin FC (1989) Time lapse video microscopy of cellulose assemby by Acetobacter xylinum. J Cell Biol 109 (No 4, Pt 2) 90a.
Bureau TE, Brown Jr RM (1987) In vitro synthesis of cellulose II from a cytoplasmic membrane fraction of Acetobacter xylinum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:6985–6989.
Canale-Parola E, Borasky R, Wolfe RS (1961) Studies on Sarcina ventriculi. III. Localization of cellulose. J Bacteriol 81: 311–318.
Deinema MH, Zevenhuizen LPTM (1971) Formation of cellulose fibrils by gram-negative bacteria and their role in bacterial flocculation. Archiv Mikrobiol 78: 42–57.
Duchesne LC, Larson DW (1989) Cellulose and the evolution of plant life. BioScience 39 (4): 238–241.
Frey-Wyssling A (1976). In: Zimmerman W, Carlquist S, Ozenda P, Wulff HD (eds) The Plant Cell Wall. Gebruder Borntraeger, Berlin Stuttgart, p 277.
Gibbs SP (1981) The chloroplasts of some algal groups may have evolved from endosymbiotic eukaryotic algae. Ann New York Acad Sci 361: 193–208.
Giddings TH, Brower DL, Staehelin LA (1980) Visualization of particle complexes in the plasma membrane of Micrasterias denticulata associated with the formation of cellulose fibrils. J Cell Biol 84: 327–339.
Glaser L (1958) The synthesis of cellulose in cell-free extracts of Acetobacter xylinum. J Biol Chem 232: 627–636.
Gunderson JH, Elwood H, Ingold A, Kindle K, Sogin ML (1987) Phylogenetic relationships between chlorophytes, chrysophytes, and oomycetes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 5823–5827.
Haigler CH, Brown Jr RM, Benziman M (1980) Calcofluor white ST alters cellulose synthesis in Acetobacter xylinum. Science 210: 903–906.
Hall DA, Happey F, Lloyd PJ, Saxl H (1959) Oriented cellulose as a component of mammalian tissue. Proc R Soc London Ser B 151: 497–516.
Hotchkiss Jr AT, Brown Jr RM (1987) The Association of rosette and globule terminal complexes with cellulose microfibril assembly in Nitella translucens var. axillaris ( Charophyceae ). J Phycol 23: 229–237.
Hotchkiss A, and Brown Jr RM (1989) Evolution of the cellulosic cell wall in the charophyceae. In: Schuerch C (ed) Cellulose and Wood–Chemistry and Technology. John Wiley & Sons, New York, p 591–609.
Hotchkiss A, Gretz MR, Hicks KB, Brown Jr RM (1989) The composition and phylogenetic significance of the Mougeotia (Charophyceae) cell wall. J Phycol In press.
Lin FC, Brown Jr RM, Cooper JB, Delmer DP (1985) Synthesis of fibrils in vitro by a solubilized cellulose synthase from Acetobacter xylinum. Science 230: 822–825.
Matthysee AG (1983) Role of bacterial cellulose fibrils in Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection. J Bacteriol 154 (2): 906–915.
McLean B, Juniper BE (1986) The plasma membrane of young Chara internodal cells revealed by rapid freezing. Planta 169: 153–161.
Mizuta S, Roberts EM, Brown Jr RM, (1989) A new cellulose synthesizing complex in Vaucheria hamata and its relation to microfibril assembly. In: Schuerch, C (ed) Cellulose and Wood–Chemistry and Technology. John Wiley & Sons, New York, p 659–676.
Mueller SC, Brown Jr RM, Scott TK (1976) Cellulosic microfibrils: nascent stages of synthesis in a higher plant cell. Science 194: 949–951.
Mueller SC, Brown Jr RM (1980) Evidence for an Intramembranous component associated with a cellulose microfibril synthesizing complex in higher plants. J Cell Biol 84: 315–326.
Pearasso R, Baroin A., Qu LH, Bachellerie JP, Adoutte A (1989) Origin of the algae. Nature 339: 142–144.
Pickett-Heaps JD, Marchant H (1972) The phylogeny of the green algae: a new proposal. Cytobios 6: 255–264.
Preston RD (1964) Structural and mechanical aspects of plant cell walls with particular reference to synthesis and growth. In: Zimmermann, MH (ed) Formation of Wood in Forest Trees. Academic Press, New York, p 169–201.
Preston RD (1974) The physical biology of plant cell walls. Chapman and Hall, London.
Roberts EM, Saxena IM, Brown Jr RM (1989) Biosynthesis of Cellulose II in Acetobacter xylinum. In: Schuerch C (ed) Cell Wall and Wood–Chemistry and Technology. John Wiley and Sons, New York, p 689–704.
Roelofsen A (1958) Cell-wall structure as related to surface growth. Acta Bot Neerl 7: 77–89.
Rolfe BG, Gresshoff PM (1988) Genetic analysis of legume nodule initiation. Ann Rev Plant Physiol and Plant Mol Biol 39: 297–319.
Ross P, Aloni Y, Weinhouse C, Michaeli D, Weinberger-Ohana P, Meyer R, Benziman M (1985) An unusual oligonucleotide regulates cellulose synthesis in Acetobacter xylinum. FEBS Lett 186 (2): 191–196.
Saxena IM, Brown Jr RM (1989) Cellulose biosynthesis in Acetobacter xylinum: a genetic approach. In: Schuerch C (ed) Cellulose and Wood–Chemistry and Technology. John Wiley and Sons, New York, p 537–557.
Schramm M, Hestrin S (1954) Factors affecting production of cellulose at the air/liquid interface of a culture of Acetobacter xylinum. J Gen Microbiol 11: 123–129.
Sisson W (1938) The existence of mercerized cellulose and its orientation in Halicystis as indicated by x-ray diffraction analysis. Science 87: 350–351.
Stewart KD, Mattox KR (1978) Structural evolution in the flagellated cells of green algae and land plants. Biosystems 10: 145–152.
Stewart KD, Mattox KR (1982) Phylogeny of phytoflagellates. In Rosowski JR, and Parker BC (ed) Selected Papers in Phycology II. Phycological Soc Amer, Lawrence, Kan p 626–640.
Wardrop AB (1970) The structure and formation of the test of Pyura stolonifera (Tunicata). Protoplasma 70: 73–86.
Woese CR (1987) Bacterial evolution. Microbiol Reviews 51 (2): 221–271.
Yang D, Oyaizu Y, Oyaizu H, Olsen GJ, Woese CR (1985) Mitochondrial origins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 4443–4447.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1990 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Brown, R.M. (1990). Algae as tools in studying the biosynthesis of cellulose, nature’s most abundant macromolecule. In: Wiessner, W., Robinson, D.G., Starr, R.C. (eds) Cell Walls and Surfaces, Reproduction, Photosynthesis. Experimental Phycology, vol 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48652-4_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48652-4_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-48654-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-48652-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive