Abstract
Complex saccharides comprise the bulk of the organic matter of plants. Some serve as structural elements (e. g. cellulose, hemieellulose, mannan, chitin), some as energy storage products (e.g. trehalose, sucrose, starch), while others have such. diverse functions as intercellular binding (pectin), sealing of wounds (callose, gums, and mucilages), and solubilization of otherwise water-insoluble substances (glycosides). This chapter will deal with the detection and purification of enzymes involved in the formation of complex saccharides and of their precursors. The enzymes of the glycolytic pathway and of the hexose-monophosphate shunt are covered in other chapters of this volume and therefore will not be discussed. Neither will fungal transglycosylases, which are primarily hydrolytic in action, be included.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Abbreviations
- ATP:
-
adenosine 5′-triphosphate
- ADP:
-
adenosine 5′-diphosphate
- AMP:
-
adenosine 5′-monophosphate
- CTP:
-
cytidine 5′-triphosphate
- GTP:
-
guanosine 5′-triphosphate
- GDP:
-
guanosine 5′-diphosphate
- GMP:
-
guanosine 5′-monophos-phate
- UTP:
-
uridine 5′-triphosphate
- UDP:
-
uridine 5′-diphosphate
- UMP:
-
uridine 5′-mono-phosphate
- DPN:
-
diphosphopyridine nucleotide
- TPN:
-
triphosphopyridine nucleotide
- DPNH:
-
reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide
- TPNH:
-
reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide
- P:
-
phosphate
- PP:
-
pyrophosphate
- EDTA:
-
ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid; Tris, tris(hydroxy-methyl)ammomethane
- DEAE-cellulose:
-
diethylaminoethyl-cellulose
References
Algbanati, I. D., and E. CABIB: Biochim. biophys. Acta 43, 141 (1960).
AlTermatt, H. A., and A. C. Neish: Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 34,405 (1956).
Alvarado, F.: Biochem. biophys. Acta 41,233 (1960).
Anderson, E. P., E. S. Maxwell and R. M. Burton : J. Amer. chem. Soc. 81, 6514 (1959).
Aspinall, G. O., and G. Kessler: Chem. and Ind. 1957,1296.
Bailey, J. M., G. J. Thomas and W. J. Whelan: Biochem. J. 49,VI(1951).
Ballio, A., C. Casinovi and C. Seblupicrescenzi: Biochim. biophys. Acta 20,414 (1956).
Bandubski, R. S., and B. Axelrod : J. biol. Chem. 193,405 (1951).
Barker, S. A., E. J. Bourne, J. G. Eleetwood and M. Stacey: J. chem. Soc. 1958,4128.
Barker, S. A., E. J. Bourne, I. A. Wilkinson and S. Peat: J. chem. Soc. 1950, 84.
Barker, S. A., E. J. Bourne, S. Peat and I. A. Wilkinson: J. chem. Soc. 1950, 3022.
Baum, H., and G. A. Gilbert: Nature (Lond.) 171, 983 (1953).
Bean, R. C., and W. Z. Hassid: J. Amer. chem. Soc. 77, 5737 (1955).
Berger, L., M. W. Slein, S. P. Colowick and C. E. Cori: J. gen. Physiol. 29, 379 (1945).
Bergkvist, R.: Acta chem. scand. 11, 1457 (1957).
Blumentbal, H. J., S. T. Horowitz, A. H. Hemerline and S. Roseman: Bacteriol. Proc. (Soc. Amer. Bacteriol.) 1955,137.
Buchanan, J. G., J. A. Bassham, A. A. Benson, D. E. Bradley, M. Calvin, L. I. Daus, M. Goodman, P. M. Hayes, V. H. Lynch, L. T. Norris and A. T. Wilson: Phosphorus Metabolism (W. D. Mcelroy and B. Glass, ed.), Vol. II, 440. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press 1951.
Cabib, E., and L. E. Leloir: J. biol. Chem. 206, 779 (1954); 231, 259 (1958).
Cabib, E., L. E. Leloir and C. E. Cardini: J. biol. Chem. 203, 1055 (1953).
Candy, J., and A. B. Kilby: Nature (Lond.) 183, 1954 (1959).
Cardini, C. E.: Enzymologia 15, 44 (1951).
Cabdini, E. C, L. E. Leloir and J. Chiriboga: J. biol. Chem. 214,149 (1955).
Cifonelli, J. A., and A. Doreman: J. biol. Chem. 228,547 (1957).
Colowick, S. P.: J. biol. Chem. 124, 557 (1938).
Cori, C. F., G. T. Cori and A. A. Green: J. biol. Chem. 151, 39 (1943).
Cori, G. T., C. E. Cobi and G. Schmidt: J. biol. Chem. 129, 629 (1939).
Davidson, E. A., H. J. Blumenthal and S. Roseman: J. biol. Chem. 226,125 (1957).
Dische, Z.: J. biol. Chem. 167, 189 (1947).
Doudoroff, M., N. O. Kaplan and W. Z. Hassid: J. biol. Chem. 148, 67 (1943).
Feingold, D. S., G.Avigad and S.Hestrin:Biochem. J.64,35l (1956).
Feingold,D. S., E. E. Neufeld and W. Z. Hassid: Arch. Biochem. 78,401 (1958a);
Feingold,D. S., E. E. Neufeld and W. Z. Hassid: J. biol. Chem. 233, 783 (1958b); 234, 488 (1959); 235, 910 (1960).
Eisher, E. H., and H. M. Hilpebt: Experientia (Basel) 9, 176 (1953).
Eiske, C. H., and Y. Subbarow: J. biol. Chem. 66, 375 (1925).
Folin, O., and V. Ciocalteau: J. biol. Chem. 73,627 (1927).
Foster, A. B., andM. Stacey: Encyclopedia of plant physiology. VI, 331. Berlin: Springer-Verlag 1958.
French, D., and D. M. Wild: J. Amer. chem. Soc. 75,4490 (1953).
French, D., M. L. Levine, E. Norberg, P. Nordin, J. H. Pazur and G. M. Wild: J. Amer. chem. Soc. 76, 2387 (1954).
Friedemann, T. E., and G. E. Haugen: J. biol. Chem. 147, 415 (1943).
Friedman, S.: Arch. Biochem. 88, 339 (1960).
Gilbert, G. A., and A. D. Patrick: Biochem. J. 51,181 (1952).
Ginsburg, V.: J. biol. Chem. 232,55 (1958); 235,2196 (1960).
Ginsburg, V., and H. N. Kirkman : J. Amer. chem. Soc. 80, 3481 (1958).
Ginsburg, V., and E. E. Neufeld: Abstr. Div. biol. Chem., Amer. chem. Soc., 27C, Sept. 1957.
Ginsburg, V., P. K. Stumpf and W. Z. Hassid : J. biol. Chem 223, 977 (1956).
Glaser, L.: J. biol. Chem. 232, 627 (1958);
Glaser, L.: Biochim. biophys. Acta 31, 575 (1959).
Glaser, L., and D. H. Bbown: J. biol. Chem. 228, 729 (1957)
Glaser, L., and D. H. Bbown: Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 41, 253 (1955).
Gordon, H. T., W. Thornburg and L. N. Werum: Analyt. Chem. 28, 849 (1956).
Green, D. E., and P. K. Stumpf: J. biol. Chem. 142, 355 (1942).
Gunja, Z. H., D. S. Manners and K. Maung: Biochem. J. 75, 441 (1960).
Hanes, C. S.: Proc. roy. Soc. 129 B, 174 (1940).
Hassid, W. Z.: Phosphorus metabolism (W. D. Mcelroy and B. Glass, ed.). Vol. I, 11. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press 1951;
Hassid, W. Z.: Organic chemistry; an advanced treatise (H. GILMAN, ed.), Vol. IV, 901. New York: Wiley & Sons 1953.
Hassid, W. Z., E. F. Neufeld and D. S. Feingold : Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 45,905 (1959).
Heath, E. C.: Biochim. biophys. Acta 39, 377 (1960).
Heinrich, M. R., and J. B. Neilands: Fed. Proc. 19, 85 (1960).
Heppel, L. A., and R. J. Hilmoe: J. biol. Chem. 192,8 (1951).
Hestrin, S.: J. biol. Chem. 179,943 (1949);
Hestrin, S.: Proc. Inter. Congr. Biochem., 4th Congr., Vienna, 1958. Vol. 1,181 (1959).
Hestrin, S., and G. Avigad: Biochem. J. 69, 388 (1958).
Hestrin, S., D. S. Feingold and G. Ayigad: Biochem. J. 64, 340 (1956).
Hidy, P. H., and H. G. Day: J. biol. Chem. 160,273 (1945).
Hobson, P. N., W. J. Whelan and S. Peat: J. chem. Soc. 1950, 3566.
Hurlbert, R. B.: Methods in enzymology (S. P. Colowick and N. O. Kaplan, ed.), Vol. III, 785. New York: Academic Press 1957.
Isselbacher, K. J.: J. biol. chem. 232, 429 (1958).
Jacobelli, G., M. J. Tabone and D. Tabone: Bull. Soc. Chim. biol. (Paris) 40,955 (1958).
Kalckar, H. M.: Mechanism of enzyme action (W. D. Mcelroy and B. Glass, ed.), 675. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press 1954;
Kalckar, H. M.: Science 125,105 (1957);
Kalckar, H. M.: Adv. Enzymol. 20,111(1958).
Kalckar, H. M., B. BbAganca and A. MunchpEtersen: Nature (Lond.) 172,1038 (1953).
Katz, J., W. Z. Hassid and M. Doudorofe: Nature (Lond.) 161, 96 (1948).
Keilin, D., and E. Hartree: Proc. roy. Soc. 124 B, 397 (1938).
Kessler, G.: Ber. Schweiz, bot. Ges. 68, 5 (1958).
Kessler, G., D. S. Feingold and W. Z. Hassid: Plant Physiol. 35, 505 (1960).
Keston, A. S.: Abstr. Div. biol. Chem., Amer. chem. Soc. 31C, April 1956.
Kornberg, A., and B. Horecker: Methods in enzymology (S. P. Colowick and N. O. Kaplan, ed.), Vol. I, 323. New York: Academic Press 1955.
Kornberg, A., and W. E. Priceb, jr.: J. biol. Chem. 182, 763 (1950).
Kurahashi, K., and E. P. Anderson: Biochim. biophys. Acta 29, 498 (1958).
Kurawashi, K., and A. Sugimura: J. biol. Chem. 235, 940 (1960).
Larner, J.: J. biol. Chem. 202, 491 (1953).
Lee, Y. P.: Biochim. biophys. Acta 43, 18, 25 (1960).
Leloir, L. E.: Arch. Biochem. 33, 186 (1951).
Leloir, L. F., and C. E. Cardini: Biochim. biophys. Acta 12,15 (1953);
Leloir, L. F., and C. E. Cardini: J. biol. Chem. 214,157 (1955).
Leloir, L. E., and S. H. Goldemberg: J. biol. Chem. 235, 919 (1960).
Leloir, L. E., and E. E. Trucco: Methods in enzymology (S. P. Colowick and N. O. Kaplan, ed.), Vol. I, 290. New York: Academic Press 1955.
Lepage, G. A., and G. C. Mueller: J. biol. Chem. 180, 975 (1949).
Levvy, G. A., and I. D. E. Storey: Biochem. J. 44, 295 (1949).
Loewus, E. A., R. Jang and C. G. Seegmiller: J. biol. Chem. 232, 533 (1958).
Lowry, O. H., and J. A. Lopez: J. biol. Chem. 162, 421 (1946).
Mccready, R. M., and W. Z. Hassid: Methods in enzymology (S. P. Colowick and N. O. Kaplan, ed.), Vol. III, p. 137. New York: Academic Press 1957.
MajkEnelander, V.: Ark. Kemi Min. Geol. 13,457 (1959).
Maley, E., and G. E. Maley: Biochim. biophys. Acta 31, 577 (1959).
Maley, E., G. E. Maley and H. A. Lardy: J. Amer. chem. Soc. 78, 5303 (1956).
Maley, E., and S. Ochoa: J. biol. Chem. 233, 1538 (1958).
Markham, R., and J. D. Smith: Biochem. J. 45, 294 (1949).
Marsh, C. A.: Biochim. biophys. Acta (in press).
Maxwell, E. S.: J. Amer. chem. Soc. 78, 1074 (1956).
Maxwell, E. S., H. DE Robichonsjulmajster and H. M. Kalckar: Arch. Biochem. 78, 407 (1958).
Maxwell, E. S., and H. DE Robichonsjulmajster: J. biol. Chem. 235,308 (1960).
Meagher, W. R., and W. Z. Hassid : J. Amer. chem. Soc. 68, 2135 (1946).
Mejbaum, W.: Hoppe-Seylers physiol. Chem. Z. 258, 117 (1939).
Meyer, K. H., and P. Berneeld: Helv. chim. acta 25, 399 (1942).
Monod, J., and A. M. Torriani: Ann. Inst. Pasteur 78, 65 (1950).
MunchpEtersen, A.: Acta chem. scand. 9, 1523 (1955); 10, 928 (1956); 11,1079 (1957).
MunchpEtersen, A., H. M. Kalckar, E. Cutolo and E. E. B. Smith: Nature (Lond.) 172,1036 (1953).
MunchpEtersen, A., H. M. Kalckar and E. E. B. Smith: Kgl. Danske Videnskab. Selskab. Biol. Medd. 22, 73 (1955).
Najjar, V. A.: J. biol. Chem. 175,281 (1948).
Neish, A. C.: Canad. J. Biochem. Physiol. 36,187 (1958).
Neufeld, E. E.: Ph. D. Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 1956.
Neueeld, E. F., V. Ginsburg, E. W. Putman, D. Fanshier and W. Z. Hassid : Arch. Biochem. 69, 602 (1957).
Neufeld, E. E., D. S. Eeingold and W. Z. Hassid: Arch. Biochem. 88, 96 (1959);
Neufeld, E. E., D. S. Eeingold and W. Z. Hassid: J. biol. Chem. 235, 906 (1960).
Nussenbaum, S., and W. Z. Hassid: J. biol. Chem. 196, 785 (1952).
Paladini, A. C., and L. E. Leloir: Biochem. J. 51, 426 (1952).
Park, J. T., and M. J. Johnson: J. biol. Chem. 181, 149 (1949).
Peat, S.: Adv.Enzymol. 11, 339 (1951).
Peat, S., W. J. Whelan and G. Jones: J. chem. Soc. 2490 (1957).
Peat, S., W. J. Whelan and H. G. Lawley: J. chem. Soc. 724, 729 (1958).
Peterson, E. A., and H. A. Sober: J. Amer. chem. Soc. 78, 751 (1956).
Ploeser, J. M., and H. S. Loring: J. biol. Chem. 178, 431 (1949).
Pontis, H. G., A. L. James and J. Badilley: Biochem. J. 75, 428 (1960).
Porath, J.: Biochim. biophys. Acta 22,151 (1956).
Porter, L. W., and N. Hoban: Anal. Chem. 26, 1846 (1954).
Potter, A. L., J. C. Sowden, W. Z. Hassid and M. Doudorofe: J. Amer. chem. Soc. 70,1751 (1948).
Putman, E. W., and W. Z. Hassid: J. biol. Chem. 207, 885 (1954);
Putman, E. W., and W. Z. Hassid: J. Amer. chem. Soc. 79, 5057 (1957).
Kam, J. S., and K. V. Giri: Arch. Biochem. 38, 231 (1952).
Reissig, J. L.: J. biol. Chem. 219, 753 (1956).
Reissig, J. L., J. L. Strominger and L. E. Leloir: J. biol. Chem. 217, 959 (1955).
Robbins, P. W., R. R. Traut and E. Lipmann: Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 45, 6 (1959).
Roe, J. H.: J. biol. Chem. 107, 15 (1934).
Rongine DE Fekete, M. A., L. F. Leloir and C. E. Cardini: Nature (Lond.) 187, 918 (1960).
Saltman, P.: J. biol. Chem. 200, 145 (1953).
Sidbury, J.: Abstr. Div. biol. Chem., Amer. chem. Soc., 27C, Sept. 1957.
Slater, W. G., and H. Beevers: Plant. Physiol. 33, 146 (1958).
Smith, E. E. B., and G. T. Mills: Biochim. biophys. Acta 13, 386 (1954).
Smith, E. E. B., G. T. Mills, H. P. Bernhelmer and R. Austrian: Biochim. biophys. Acta 29,640 (1958).
Sober, H. A., P. J. Gutter, M. M. Wyckoff andE. A. Peterson: J. Amer. chem. Soc. 78, 756 (1956).
Solms, J., and W. Z. Hassid: J. biol. Chem. 228, 357 (1957).
Somogyi, M.: J. biol. Chem. 160, 61 (1945).
Stoll, A., and E. Jucker: Encyclopedia of plant physiology, VI, 5347. Berlin: Springer-Verlag 1958.
Strominger, J. L.: Biochim. biophys. Acta 16, 616 (1955a); 17, 283 (1955b);
Strominger, J. L.: Physiol. Rev. 40, 55 (1960).
Strominger, J. L., H. M. Kalckar, J. Axelrod and E. S. Maxwell: J. Amer. chem. Soc. 76, 6411 (1954).
Strominger, J. L., and L. W. Mapson: Biochem. J. 66,567 (1957).
Strominger, J. L., andM. S. Smith: J. biol. Chem. 234,1822 (1959).
Su, J. C., and W. Z. Hassid: J. biol. Chem. 235, PC 36 (1960).
Teller, J. D.: Abstr. Div. biol. Chem., Amer. chem. Soc. 69C, Sept. 1956.
Trevelyan, W. E., and J. S. Harrison: Biochem. J. 50, 298 (1952).
Trucco, R. E., R. Caputto, L. F. Leloir and N. Mittelman: Arch. Biochem. 18,137 (1948).
ViLlArpalasi, C., and J. Larner: Bioehim. biophys. Acta 30,449 (1958).
Volkin, E., and W. E. Cohn: Methods of biochemical analysis (D. GLICK, ed.), p. 304. New York: Interscience 1954.
Walker, G. J., and W. J. Whelan: Nature (Lond.) 183, 46 (1959).
WeLbull, C., and A. Tiselius: Arkiv. Kemi Min. Geol. 19 A, 1 (1945).
Whelan, W. J.: Encyclopedia of plant physiology, VI, 154. Berlin: Springer-Verlag 1958.
Whelan, W. J., and J. M. Bailey: Biochem. J. 58, 560 (1954).
Whistler, R. L., and C. C. Tu: J. Amer. chem. Soc. 73, 1389 (1951).
Wilkinson, J. E.: Biochem. J. 44, 460 (1949).
Wolochow, H., E. W. Putman, M. Doudoroff, W. Z. Hassid and H. A. Barker: J. biol. Chem. 180,1237 (1949).
Yamaha, T., and C. E. Cardini: Arch. Biochem. 86,127 (1960a); 86,133 (1960b).
Zucker, M., and A. Nason: Methods in enzymology (S. P. Colowick and N. O. Kaplan, ed.), Vol. II, p. 416. New York: Academic Press 1955.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1964 Springer-Verlag OHG. Berlin · Göttingen · Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Feingold, D.S., Neufeld, E.F., Hassid, W.Z. (1964). Enzymes of Carbohydrate Synthesis. In: Linskens, H.F., Sanwal, B.D., Tracey, M.V. (eds) Modern Methods of Plant Analysis / Moderne Methoden der Pflanzenanalyse. Modern Methods of Plant Analysis / Moderne Methoden der Pflanzenanalyse, vol 7. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48141-3_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48141-3_18
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-48143-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-48141-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive