Zusammenfassung
Die Fertilisation der menschlichen Oozyte vollzieht sich im ampullären Abschnitt der Tube. Nach der Verschmelzung von Ei und Samenzelle mit Bildung einer diploiden Zygote entwickelt sich durch mitotische Teilung innerhalb von 4–6 Tagen die Blastozyste. Die Implantation der Blastozyste in das sekretorisch umgewandelte Endometrium wird durch Aktivierung einer Reihe proteolytischer Enzyme und ihrer korrespondierenden Inhibitoren bewirkt (Denker 1983). Zur Zeit der Im plantation lassen sich morphologisch Embryoblast-und Trophoblastelemente unterscheiden. Der Trophoblast setzt sich aus dem Zytotrophoblasten und dem Synzytiotrophoblasten zusammen. Durch rasche mitotische Teilung des Zytotrophoblasten und des Synzytiotrophoblasten kommt es zur Invasion in die Uterusmukosa und zur Kontaktaufnahme mit dem mütterlichen Kapillarsystem, aus dem sich später die hämochoreale Plazenta entwickelt. Mütterliche und kindliche Zirkulation bleiben getrennt.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literatur
Barnea EZ, Ashkenazy, Sarne G (1991) The effect of dynorphin on placental pulsatile human chorionic gonadotropin secretion in vitro. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 73: 1093–98
Barnea ER, Feldmann D, Kaplan M, Morrish DW (1990) The dual effect of epidermal growth fac tor upon human chorionic gonadotropin secretion by the first trimester placenta in-vitro. J clin Endocrinol Metab 71: 923–28
Beck P (1972) Lactogenic activity of human chorionic somatomammotropin. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 140: 183–88
Beitins JZ, Bayard F, Ances JG, Kowarski A, Migeon CJ (1973) The metabolic clearance rate, blood production, interconversion and transplacental passage of cortisol in pregnancy near term. Pediatr Res 7: 509–14
Breckwoldt M, Reck G (1983) Untersuchungen der fetoplazentaren Einheit als geburtshilfliche Entscheidungshilfe. Gynäkologe 16: 124–31
Carr BR, Gant NF (1983) The endrocrinology of pregnancy induced hypertension. Clin Perinatol 10: 27–47
Denker HW (1983) Basic aspects of ovoimplantation. Obstet Gynecol Ann 12: 15–24
Hsueh AJW, Jones PBC (1983) Gonadotropin releasing hormone: extrapituitary actions and paracrine control mechanisms. Ann Rev Physiol 45: 83–94
Johannisson E (1968) The fetal adrenal cortex in the human. Acta Endocrinol [Suppl] 58: 130
Kato Y, Braunstein CGD (1990) Purified first and third trimester placental trophoblasts differ in in-vitro hormone secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 70: 1187–92
Lala PK (1989) Similarities between immunoregulation in pregnancy and malignancy: the role of PGE 2. Am J Reprod Immunol Microbiol 9: 105–10
Linton E, Behan DP, Saphier PW, Lowry PJ (1990) Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRP-binding protein: reduction in the adrenocorticotropin-releasing activity in the placental but not hypothalamic CRH). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 70: 1578–880
Molsberg RL, Carr BR, Mendelson CR, Simpson ER (1982) Human chorionic gonadotropin binding to human fetal testes as a function of gestational age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 55: 791–97
Lin TJ, Lins SL, Erlenmeyer F, Kline T et al. (1972) Progesterone production rates during the third trimester of pregnancy in normal woman, diabetic women and women with abnormal glucose tolerance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 34: 287–97
Neulen J, Breckwoldt M (1987) Beeinflussung des Fettstoffwechsels durch hPL in der späten Schwangerschaft. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 47: 270–273
Oelkers W, Berger V, Bolik A, Bahr V et al. (1991) Dihydrospirorenone, a new progesteron with antimineralocorticoid activity, effects on ovulation, electrolyte excretion and the renin aldosterone system in normal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 73: 837–42
Petit A, Guillon G, Pantaloni C., Tence M et al. (1990) An islet-activating protein-sensitive G-protein is involved in dopamine inhibition of both angiotensin-stimulated inositol phosphate production and human placental lactogen release in human trophoblastic cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 71: 1573–80
Policastro PF, Daniels-McQueen S, Carle G, Boime I (1986) A map of the hCGß gene cluster. J Biol chem 261: 5907–16
Reck G, Nowostawaskyj H, Breckwoldt M (1978) Effect of ACTH and dexamethason on the diurnal rhythm of unconjugatet oestriol in pregnancy. Acta Endocrinol 87: 820–27
Richetts RM, Jones DB (1985) Differential effect of human chorionic gonadotropin on lymphocyte proliferation induced by mitogens. J Repro Immunol 7: 225–32
Rosenfeld CR (1984) Consideration of the utero placental circulation in intrauterine growth. Semin Perinatol 8: 42–5
Scott EM, McGarrigle HHG, Lachelin GCL (1990) The increase in plasma and saliva cortisol levels in pregnancy is not due to the increase of corticosteroid binding globulin levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 71: 639–44
Seeburg PM (1982) The human growth hormone gene family. Nucleotide sequences show recent divergence and predict an new polypeptide hormone. DNA 1: 239–49
Siitieri PK, Febres F,Clemens LE (1977) Progesterone and maintenance of pregnancy: is progeste rone nature’s immunosuppressant? Ann NY Acad Sci 186: 384–93
Suwa S, Friesen H (1969) Biosynthesis of human placental lactogen in-vitro II. Dynamic studies of normal-term placentas. Endocrinology 85: 103–43
Van Duyne CM, Hvel RJ (1959) Plasma unesterified fatt acid in fetal and neonatal life. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1002: 599–603
Yagel S, Parhac RS, Lala PK (1989) Trophic effects of fist trimester human trophoblasts and human chorionic gonadotropin on lymphocyte proliferation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 160: 946–53
Zolti M, Ben-Rafael Z, Meirom R, Shemesk M, Binder D, Mashiack S, Apte RN (1991) Cytokine involvement in oocyte and early embryos. Fertil Steril 56: 265–72
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1995 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Breckwoldt, M., Neulen, J. (1995). Endokrinologie der Schwangerschaft. In: Hillemanns, H.G. (eds) Geburtshilfe — Geburtsmedizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48048-5_48
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48048-5_48
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-48049-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-48048-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive