Abstract
When considering the mechanisms concerned in the regulation of the blood glucose level, it becomes apparent that whereas only exercise or insulin will lower blood sugar there are a variety of factors and hormones which can raise the blood sugar level or oppose the action of insulin.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literature
Abbas, T. M. and J. E. Tovey: Proteins of the liquor amnii. Brit. Med. J. 1, 476 (1960).
Alp, H. and L. Recant: Effect of the insulin-inhibiting albumin fraction from normal and diabetic subjects on adipose tissue. Metabolism 13, 609 (1964).
Alburn, H. E. and R. L. Fenichel: Hyperglycaemia induced by insulin B chain in dietary diabetes in rats. Nature 213, 515 (1967).
Anderson, E. and J. A. Long: The effect of hyperglycaemia on insulin secretion as determined with the isolated rat pancreas in a perfusion apparatus. Endocrinology 40, 92 (1947).
Berson, S. A., R. S. Yalow, A. Bauman, M. A. Rothschild and K. Newerly: Insulin I131 metabolism in human subjects: demonstration of insulin binding globulin in the circulation of insulin treated subjects. J. clin. Invest. 35, 170 (1956).
Berson, S. A. and R. S. Yalow: Ethanol fractionation of plasma and electrophoretic identification of insulin binding antibody. J. clin. Invest. 36, 642 (1957).
Berson, S. A. and R. S. Yalow: Insulin antagonists, insulin antibodies and insulin resistance. Amer. J. Med. 25, 155 (1958).
Birkinshaw, V. J., M. R. Gurd, S. S. Randall, A. S. Currey, D. E. Price and P. H. Wright: Investigations in a case of murder by insulin poisoning. Brit. Med. J. 2, 463 (1958).
Bornstein, J.: Insulin-reversible inhibition of glucose utilisation by serum lipoprotein fractions. J. biol. Chem. 205, 513 (1953).
Bornstein, J. and C. R. Park: Inhibition of glucose uptake by serum of diabetic rats. J. biol. Chem. 205, 503 (1953).
Burrows, B. A., I. Peters and F. C. Lowell: Physical binding of insulin by gamma globulin of insulin resistant subject. J. Clin. Invest. 36, 393 (1957).
Colwell, A. R. and R. W. Weiger: Inhibition of insulin action by serum gamma globulin. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 47, 844 (1956).
de Bodo, R. S. and N. Altszuler: Insulin hypersensitivity and physiological insulin antagonists. Physiol. Revs. 38, 389 (1958).
de Filippis, V. and A. Iannaconne: Insulin-neutralising activity of gamma-globulins derived from the serum of an insulin resistant patient. Lancet I, 1192 (1952).
Ensinck, J. W., G. J. Coombs, R. H. Williams and J. Vallance-Owen: Studies in vitro of the transport of the A und B chains of insulin in serum. J. biol. Chem. 239, 3377 (1964).
Ensinck, J. W., R. J. Mahler and J. Vallance-Owen: Antagonism of insulin action on muscle by the albumin-bound B chain of insulin. Biochem. J. 94, 150 (1965).
Ensinck, J. W. and J. Vallance-Owen: Antagonism of insulin by the albumin-bound “B” chain of insulin. Diabetes 12, 353 (1963).
Fenichel, R. L., W. H. Bechmann and H. E. Alburn: Inhibition of insulin activity in mitochondrial systems and in normal rats by reduced insulin B chain albumin complex. Biochemistry 5, 461 (1966).
Fenichel, R. L., W. H. Bechmann and H. E. Alburn: Pituitary and adrenal influence on reduced insulin B chain induced hyperglycaemia. Diabetes 17, 67 (1968).
Field, J. B. and D. Stetten: Humoral insulin antagonism associated with diabetic ketosis. Amer. J. Med. 21, 339 (1956a).
Field, J. B. and D. Stetten: Studies on humoral insulin antagonists in diabetic acidosis. Diabetes 5, 391 (1956b).
Field, J. B., F. Tietze and D. Stetten: Further characterisation of an insulin antagonist in the serum of patients in diabetic acidosis. J. clin. Invest. 36, 1588 (1957).
Foa, P. P., H. R. Weinstein and J. A. Smith: Secretion of insulin and of a hyperglycemic substance studied by means of pancreatic femoral cross-circulation experiments. Amer. J. Physiol. 157, 197 (1949).
Fraser, R.: Endocrine disorders and insulin action. Brit. Med. Bull. 16, 242 (1960).
Hales, C. N. and P. J. Randle: Effects of low carbohydrate diets and diabetes mellitus on plasma concentration of glucose, non-esterified fatty acid and insulin during oral glucose tolerance tests. Lancet I, 790 (1963).
Hales, C. N., J. B. Walker, P. B. Garland and P. J. Randle: Fasting plasma concentrations of insulin, non-esterified fatty acids, glycerol and glucose in the early detection of diabetes mellitus. Lancet I, 65 (1965).
Hendley, E. D., E. Bregman and M. E. Krahl: Inhibition of muscle glucose uptake by diabetic rat sera of varying glucose and lipoprotein content. J. biol. Chem. 226, 459 (1957).
Jackson, W. P. U.: Prediabetes — a synthesis. Postgrad, Med. J. 35, 287 (1959).
Jervell, J. and J. Vallance-Owen: In-vivo effects of the synalbumin insulin antagonist and of B chain albumin. Lancet 2, 21 (1967a).
Jervell, J. and J. Vallance-Owen: Variations in synalbumin insulin antagonism during glucose tolerance tests. Lancet II, 1253 (1967b).
Kalant, N., C. Gomberg and R. Schucher: The effect of insulin-binding antibodies on insulin sensitivity. Lancet II, 614 (1958).
Krahl, M. E., M. E. Tidball and E. Bregman: Preparation and anti-insulin activity of lipoprotein fractions from rat serum. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. N.Y. 101,1 (1959).
Lowell, F. C.: Immunologic studies in insulin resistance. II. The presence of a neutralising factor in the blood exhibiting some characteristics of an antibody. J. clin. Invest. 23, 233 (1944).
Lowell, F. C.: Immunological studies in insulin resistance. III. Measurement of an insulin antagonist in the serum of an insulin-resistant patient by the blood sugar curve method in mice. J. clin. Invest. 26, 57 (1947).
Lowy, C., G. Blanshard and D. Phear: Antagonism of insulin by albumin. Lancet I, 802 (1961).
Maclean, N. and P. F. Ogilvie: Observations on the pancreatic islet tissue of young diabetic subjects. Diabetes 8, 83 (1959).
Marsh, J. B. and N. Haugaard: The effect of serum from insulin-resistant cases in the combination of insulin with the rat diaphragm. J. clin. Invest 31, 107 (1952).
Moloney, P. J. and M. Coval: Antigenicity of insulin — Diabetes induced by specific antibodies. Biochem. J. 59, 179 (1955).
Navarrete, V. N. and I. H. Torres: Triamcinolone provocative test in offspring of two diabetic parents. Diabetes 16, 57 (1967).
Pyke, D. A.: Aetiological factors in diabetes. Postgrad. Med. J. 35, 261 (1959).
Randle, P. J.: Insulin in blood. Ciba Found. Coll. Endocrin. 11, 115 (1957).
Randle, P. J. and K. W. Taylor: The insulin activity of protein fractions of normal human serum. J. Endocrin. 17, 387 (1958).
Randle, P. J. and F. G. Young: Influence of pituitary growth hormone on plasma insulin activity. J. Endocrinol. 13, 335 (1956).
Randle, P. J. P. B. Garland, O. N. Hales and E. A. Newsholme: The glucose fatty acid cycle, its role in insulin sensitivity and the metabolic disturbances of diabetes mellitus. Lancet I, 785 (1963).
Randle, P. J. P. B. Garland, O. N. Hales and E. A. Newsholme: The glucose fatty acid cycle and diabetes mellitus. Ciba Found. Coll. Endocrinol. 15, 192 (1964).
Robinson, B. H. B. and P. H. Wright: Guinea-pig anti-insulin serum. J. Physiol. 155, 302 (1961).
Sehon, A. H., M. Kaye, E. McGarry and B. Rose: Localization of an insulin-neutralizing factor by zone electrophoresis in a serum of an insulin-resistant patient. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 45, 765 (1955).
Simpson, N. E.: Multifactorial inheritance: A possible hypothesis for diabetes. Diabetes 13, 462 (1967).
Soskin, S., M. D. Allweiss and D. J. Cohn: Influence of the pancreas and the liver upon the dextrose tolerance test. Amer. J. Physiol. 109, 155 (1934).
Stadie, W. C., N. Haugaard, J. B. Marsh and A. G. Hills: Chemical combination of insulin with muscle (diaphragm) of normal rats. Amer. J. Med. Sci. 218, 265 (1949).
Steinberg, A. G.: The genetics of diabetes; a review. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 82, 197 (1959).
Steinke, J., K. W. Taylor and A. E. Renold: Insulin and insulin antagonists in the serum of untreated juvenile diabetics. Lancet I, 30 (1961).
Tuerkischer, E. and E. Wertheimer: The in vitro synthesis of glycogen in the diaphragms of normal and alloxan-diabetic rats. Biochem. J. 42, 603 (1948).
Vallance-Owen, J.: Insulin antagonists. Brit. Med. Bull. 16, 214 (1960).
Vallance-Owen, J.: Diabetes mellitus — causation. Proc. Roy. Soc. Med. 55, 207 (1962).
Vallance-Owen, J.: Synalbumin insulin antagonism and diabetes. Ciba Found. Coll. Endocrinol. 15, 217 (1964).
Vallance-Owen, J.: Synalbumin insulin antagonism in obesity and maturity-onset diabetes mellitus. Ann. N.Y. Acid. Sci. 131, 315 (1965).
Vallance-Owen, J.: The inheritance of essential diabetes mellitus from studies of the synalbumin insulin antagonist. Diabetologia 2, 248 (1966).
Vallance-Owen, J.: Synalbumin insulin antagonist. Postgrad. Med. J. 44, 117 (1968).
Vallance-Owen, J. and W. L. Ashton: Inheritance of essential diabetes mellitus from studies of the synalbumin insulin antagonist. Diabetes 12, 356 (1963a).
Vallance-Owen, J.: Cardiac infarction and insulin antagonism. Lancet I, 1226 (1963b).
Vallance-Owen, J., E. Dennes and P. N. Campbell: Insulin antagonism in plasma of diabetic patients and normal subjects. Lancet I, 804 (1958a).
Vallance-Owen, J.: The nature of the insulin antagonist associated with plasma albumin. Lancet II, 696 (1958b).
Vallance-Owen, J. and B. Hurlock: Estimation of plasma-insulin by the rat diaphragm technique. Lancet I, 68 (1954).
Vallance-Owen, J. and N. W. Please: Plasma insulin activity in diabetes mellitus, measured by the rat diaphragm technique. Lancet II, 583 (1955).
Vallance-Owen, J. and M. D. Lilley: An insulin antagonist associated with plasma-albumin. Lancet I, 804 (1961a).
Vallance-Owen, J.: Insulin antagonism in the plasma-albumin of obese diabetics and prediabetics. Lancet I, 806 (1961b).
Vallance-Owen, J. and F. D. W. Lukens: Studies on insulin antagonism in plasma. Endocrin. 60, 625 (1957).
Weiger, R. W. and A. R. Colwell: Inhibition of insulin action by serum gamma globulin. Clin. Res. Proc. 4, 123 (1956).
Welsh, C. W., E. H. Henley, R. H. Williams and R. W. Cox: Insulin I131 metabolism in man: Plasma binding, distribution and degradation. Amer. J. Med. 31, 892 (1961).
Whitney, J. E. and F. G. Young: Some hormonal influences on the glucose uptake of the normal rat diaphragm “in vitro”, Biochem. J. 66, 648 (1957).
Wright, P. H.: The effect of insulin antibodies on glucose uptake by the isolated rat diaphragm. Biochem. J. 71, 633 (1959).
Yalow, R. S. and S. A. Berson: Plasma insulin concentration in non-diabetic and early diabetic subjects: determination by a new sensitive immunoassay technique. Diabetes 9, 254 (1960).
Zahn, H., B. Gutte and H. G. Gattner: Reaktion von reduzierter A-und B-Kette mit Insulin. Diabetologia 4, 118 (1968).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1971 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Vallance-Owen, J. (1971). Insulin in Blood — The Antagonists. In: Pfeiffer, E.F. (eds) Pathophysiologie und Klinik / Pathophysiology and Clinical Considerations. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-47669-3_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-47669-3_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-47671-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-47669-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive