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Critical Phenomena of Chemisorbed Overlayers

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Chemistry and Physics of Solid Surfaces IV

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Chemical Physics ((CHEMICAL,volume 20))

Abstract

Critical phenomena refer to the singular behavior of various thermodynamic properties, particularly the divergence of the size of fluctuations near second-order phase transitions. This behavior has surprisingly little to do with the microscopic Hamiltonian describing the system or the species undergoing the phase change; instead, it is determined by the dimensionality of the system and the symmetry of the ordered state. Based on these attributes, transitions can be classified into a small number of universality classes. All members of such a class have common critical exponents which describe the singularities near the transition. The dependence on spatial dimensionality d is quite strong. For d = 1, fluctuations are so strong that long-range order is impossible (except when long-range forces are present). In fact, for a pure 2-d system, long-range order as conventionally defined is, in principal, also impossible (two recent reviews are [11.11), although in realistic experimental systems these limitations enter only weakly. On the other hand, similar considerations lead to predictions of two-stage melting in 2-d, with a distinctive “hexatic” intermediate phase [11.2].

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Authors
  1. T. L. Einstein
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Surface Studies, The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 53201, Milwaukee, WI, USA

    Ralf Vanselow  & Russel Howe  & 

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Einstein, T.L. (1982). Critical Phenomena of Chemisorbed Overlayers. In: Vanselow, R., Howe, R. (eds) Chemistry and Physics of Solid Surfaces IV. Springer Series in Chemical Physics, vol 20. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-47495-8_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-47495-8_11

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