Abstract
Consideration of the social and cognitive development of pre-schizophrenic (Pre-S) children should inform and be informed by neurodevelopmental hypotheses of this disorder. These hypotheses take the view that abnormal brain development is determined genetically or occurs in utero (see Kotrla et al. 1997; Pogue-Geile 1997 for reviews). However the abnormality is manifested as schizophrenia only later in the second decade of life or later still. The delay could be explained by the accumulation of adverse experiences that peak in early adulthood, or alternatively maturational changes that trigger the abnormal neural circuits that resulted during development. Kotrla (1997) has suggested that early abnormality will lead to further abnormalities during development (i.e. a cascade process) and that these too are triggered by some critical maturational event in adulthood.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Achenbach TM (1982) Developmental Psychopathology, 2nd ed. Wiley, New York
Asarnow JR (1988) Children at risk for schizophrenia: converging lines of evidence. Schiz Bull 14:613–631
Asarnow RF, Asamen J, Granholm E, Sherman T, Watkins JM, Williams ME (1994) Cognitive/neuropsychological studies of children with a schizophrenic disorder. Schiz Bull 20:647–669
Aylward E, Walker E, Bettes B (1984) Intelligence in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of the research. Schiz Bull 10:430–459
Bamberg M, Damrad-Frye R (1991) On the ability to provide evaluative comments: further explorations of children’s narrative competencies. J Child Language 18:689–710
Beeghly M, Cicchetti D (1997) Talking about self and other: emergence of an internal state lexicon in young children with Down syndrome. Development and Psychopathology 9:729–748
Bereiter C (1980) Development in writing. In: Gregg LW, Steinberg ER (eds) Cognitive processes in Writing. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, NJ
Bloom FE (1993) Advancing a neurodevelopmental origin for schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psych 50:224–227
Caplan R (1994) Communication deficits in childhood schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Schiz Bull 20:671–683
Collins JL, Williamson MM (1981) Spoken language and semantic abbreviation in writing. Res Teach English 15:23–35
David AS, Malmberg A, Brandt L, Allebeck P, Lewis G (1997) IQ and risk for schizophrenia: A population-based cohort study. Psychological Medicine 27:1311–1323
Done DJ, Leinonen E, Sacker A et al (1998) Linguistic performance in pre-schizophrenic children: evidence for normal syntactic ability. Br J Psychiatry 172:130–135
Done DJ, Crow TJ, Johnstone EC, Sacker A (1994) Childhood antecedents of schizophrenia and affective illness: social adjustment at ages 7 and 11. Br Med J 309:699–703
Done DJ, Johnstone EC, Frith CD, Golding J, Shepherd PM, Crow TJ (1991) Complications of pregnancy and delivery in relation to psychosis in adult life: data from the British perinatal mortality survey sample. Br Med J 302:1576–1580
Fombonne E (1989) The Child Behaviour Checklist and the Rutter Parental Questionnaire: a comparison between two screening instruments. Psychological Med 19:777–785
Frick PJ, O’Brien BS, Wootton JM, McBurnett K (1994) Psychopathy and conduct problems in children. J Abnormal Psychology 103:700–707
Goldman PS (1971) Functional development of the prefrontal cortex in early life and the problem of neuronal plasticity. Exp Neurol 32:366–387
Goldman-Rakic PS, Galkin TW (1978) Prenatal removal of frontal association cortex in the fetal rhesus monkey: anatomical and functional consequences in postnatal life. Brain Res 152:451–485
Hafner H, Maurer K, Loffler W, Bustamante S, et al (1995) Onset and early course of schizophrenia. In: Hafner H, Gattaz WF (eds) Search for the causes of schizophrenia, vol III. Springer, Berlin
Hammen C (1997) Depression. Psychology Press, UK
Hartman E, Milofsky E, Vaillant G, Oldfield M, Falke R, Ducey C (1984) Vulnerability to schizophrenia: prediction of adult schizophrenia using childhood information. Arch Gen Psychiatry 41:1050–1056
Harvey PD (1983) Speech competence in manic and schizophrenic psychoses: the association between clinically rated thought disorder and cohesion and reference performance. J Abnormal Psychology 92:368–377
Horn D, Levy N (1996) Neuronal-based synaptic compensation: a computational study in Alzheimer’s disease. Neuronal Computation 8:1227–1243
John RS, Mednick SA, Schulsinger F (1982) Teacher Reports as a predictor of schizophrenia and Borderline Schizophrenia: A Bayesian Decision Analysis. J Abnormal Psychology 91:399–413
Kelly TP, Borrill HS, Maddell DL (1996) Development and assessment of executive function in children. Child Psychology and Psychiatry Review 1:46–51
Kotrla KJ, Sater AK, Weinberger DR (1997) Neuropathology, neurodevelopment, and schizophrenia. In: Keshavan MS, Murray RM (eds) Neurodevelopment and adult psychopathology. Cambridge Univ Press, Cambs UK, pp 187–199
Leinonen E, Done DJ (in preparation) Pragmatic aspects of language in Pre-schizophrenic children
Lewis DA (1997) Development of the primate prefrontal cortex. In: Keshavan MS, Murray RM (eds) Neurodevelopment and adult psychopathology. Cambridge Univ Press, Cambs, UK
Liles BZ (1993) Narrative discourse in children with language disorders and children with normal language: a critical review of the literature. J Speech and Hearing Research 36:868–882
Links PS, Steiner M, Huxley G (1988) The occurrence of borderline personality disorder in the families of borderline patients. J Personality Disorders 2:14–20
Lynam D, Moffitt T, Stouthamer-Loeber M (1993) Explaining the relation between IQ and delinquency: class, race, test motivation, school failure and self-control. J Abnormal Psychology 102:187–196
Malloy P (1987) Frontal dysfunction in obsessive-compulsive disorder. In: Perecman E (ed) The frontal lobes revisited. IRBN Press, New York, pp 207–221
Marcus J, Hans SL, Nagler S, Auerbach JG, Mirsky AF, Aubrey A (1987) Review of the NIMH Israeli Kibbutz-City Study and the Jerusalem Infant Development Study. Schiz Bulletin 13:425–438
Marcus J, Hans SL, Auerbach JG, Auerbach AG (1993) Children at risk for schizophrenia: the Jerusalem Infant Developmental Study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 50:797–808
Masse LC, Tremblay RE (1997) Behavior of boys in kindergarten and the onset of substance use during adolescence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54:62–68
MacLachlan BG, Chapman RS (1988) Communication breakdowns in normal and language learning-disabled children’s conversation and narration. J Speech and Hearing Disorders 53:2–7
Michael CM, Morris DP, Soroker E (1957) Follow-up studies of shy, withdrawn children: II. Relative incidence of schizophrenia. Am J Orthopsychiatry 27:331–337
Mellsop G (1973) Adult psychiatric patients on whom information was recorded during childhood. Br J Psychiatry 123:703–710
Neale JM, Oltmanns TF (1980) Schizophrenia. John Wiley & Sons, USA, pp 344–354
Parkin AJ (1996) Explorations in cognitive neuropsychology. Blackwell, Oxford, p 228
Parkhurst J, Asher SR (1992) Peer rejection in middle school: subgroup differences in behavior, loneliness, and interpersonal concerns. Developmental Psychology, 28:231–241
Passler MA, Isaac W, Hynd GW (1985) Neuropsychological development of children attributed to frontal lobe functioning in children. Developmental Neuropsychology 1:349–370
Piaget J (1952) The origins of intelligence in children. International Universities Press, New York
Pogue-Geile MF (1997) Developmental aspects of schizophrenia. In: Keshavan MS, Murray RM (eds) Neurodevelopment and adult psychopathology. Cambridge Univ Press, Cambs UK, pp 137–155
Poole M (1983) Socioeconomic status and written language. In: Martlew M (ed) The psychology of written language. Wiley and Sons Ltd
Robins LN, Ratcliff KS (1978) Risk factors in the continuation of childhood antisocial behaviour into adulthood. Int J Mental Health 7:96–116
Rochester SR, Martin JR (1979) Crazy talk: a study of the discourse of schizophrenic speakers. Plenum Press, New York
Rosenberg DR, Averbach DH, O’Hearn KM, Seymour AB, Birmaher B, Sweeney JA (1997) Occu-lomotor response inhibition abnormalities in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54:831–838
Rosenberg DR, Sweeney JA, Squires WE, Keshavan MS, Cornblatt BA, Erlenmeyer-Kimling L (1997) Eye-tracking dysfunction in offspring from the New York High-Risk Project: diagnostic specificity and the role of attention. Psychiatry Res 66:121–130
Scott S (1996) Measuring oppositional and aggressive behaviour. Child Psychology and Psychiatry Review 1:104–109
Schreiber H, Stolz-Born G, Rothmeier J, Rothenberger A, Jurgens R, Becker W, Kornhuber HH (1997) Visually-guided saccadic eye movements in adolescents at genetic risk for schizophrenia. Schiz Res 25:97–109
Shaughnessy MP (1977) Errors and expectations: a guide for the teacher of basic writing. Oxford Univ Press, New York
Thelen E, Smith LB (1994) A dynamic systems approach to the development of cognition and action. MIT Press, Cambs, Massachusetts
Thelen E, Ulrich BD (1991) Hidden skills: a dynamic analysis of treadmill stepping during the first year. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child development. Serial No 223
Watt NF, Stolorow RD, Lubensky AW, McClelland DC (1970) School adjustment and behaviour of children hospitalized for schizophrenia as adults. Am J Orthopsychiatry 40:637–657
Watt NF (1978) Patterns of childhood social development in adult schizophrenics. Arch Gen Psychiatry 35:160–165
Weiss M, Zelkowitz P, Feldman RB, Vogel J, Heyman M, Paris J (1996) Psychopathology in offspring of mothers with borderline personality disorder: a pilot study. Canadian J Psychiatry 41:285–290
Werry JS, McClelland DC, Andrews LK, Ham M (1994) Clinical features and outcome of child and adolescent schizophrenia. Schiz Bull 20:619–630
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Dr. Dietrich Steinkopff Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, Darmstadt
About this paper
Cite this paper
Done, D.J., Leinonen, E. (1999). Social and Cognitive Abilities in Late Childhood. In: Gattaz, W.F., Häfner, H. (eds) Search for the Causes of Schizophrenia. Steinkopff. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-47076-9_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-47076-9_9
Publisher Name: Steinkopff
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-47078-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-47076-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive