Possible Contributions of Renewable Energies to the Solution of the Global Climate Problem

Abstract

This paper describes results of a project aimed at developing scenarios for an European energy system in 2050 which emits 80% less carbon dioxide than in 1990 and which does not use nuclear energy. It will, thus, be based on the efficient use of energy and on renewable energies. It is assumed that the necessary transition is started by value changes within the society which will then accept extensive norms and regulations leading to a more efficient energy use, application of renewable energies, and — in limited cases — renunciation or limitation of certain forms of energy use. It can be concluded that there are in principle no technical or financial bottlenecks. However, substantial changes of the economic, legal, and institutional frameworks, in which energy systems are operated, are inevitable.