Abstract
The life of an individual is a continuous series of events that includes periods of growth, development, and senescence. From before birth to maturity, progress is marked primarily by growth and development, but a sharp distinction between these two processes is not possible. Growth refers mainly to increases in size resulting from cellular multiplication of intracellular substance, while development refers to maturation of structures and functions associated with progress. Taken together, they suggest a complex set of factors having a broader meaning than either term alone. onal
Guttman Laboratory of Human Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, New York University School of Medicine. Partially supported by PHS Grant GM 17184
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adolph, E.F.: Ontogeny of physiological regulations in the rat. Quart. Rev. Biol. 32, 89–137 (1957).
Allansmith, M., McClellan, B.H., Butterworth, M., J.R.: The development of immunoglobulin levels in man. J. Pediat. 72, 276–290 (1968).
Andrew, W.: The anatomy of aging in man and animals. New York: Grune and Stratton 1971.
Andrew, W., Prttett, D.: Senile changes in the kidneys of Wistar Institute rats. Amer. J. Anat. 100, 51–80 (1957).
Arataki, M.: On the postnatal growth of the kidney with special reference to the number and size of glomeruli (albino rat). Amer. J. Anat. 36, 399–436 (1926).
Axline, S.G., Simon, H.J.: Clinical pharmacology of antimicrobials in premature infants. I. Kanamycin, streptomycin and neomycin. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 135–141, 1964.
Axline, S.G., Yaffe, S. J., Simon, H.J.: Clinical pharmacology of antimicrobials in premature infants. II. Ampicillin, methicillin, oxacillin, neomycin, and Colistin. Pediatrics 39, 97–107 (1967).
Baraka, A., Gabali, F.: Correlation between tubocurarine requirements and plasma protein pattern. Brit. J. Anaesth. 40, 89–93 (1968).
Barnett, H.L.: Pediatrics, 14th edition, pp. 21–26; 238–252. New York: Appleton Century Croft 1968.
Barnett, H.L., McNamara, H., Shultz, S., Tompsett, R.: Renal clearances of sodium penicillin G, procaine penicillin G, and inulin in infants and children. Pediatrics 3, 418–422 (1949).
Batt, E.R., Schachter, D.: Developmental pattern of some intestinal transport mechanisms in newborn rats and mice. Amer. J. Physiol. 216, 1064–1068 (1969).
Bellet, S., Kershbaum, A., Finck, E.M.: Response of free fatty acids to coffee and caffeine. Metabolism 17, 702–707 (1968).
Bender, A.D.: The effect of increasing age on the distribution of peripheral blood flow in man. J. Amer. Geriat. Soc. 13, 192–198 (1965).
Bloomfield, A.L., Polland, W.S.: Gastric anacidity: its relation to disease, p. 55. New York: MacMillan 1933.
Boreus, L.O. (Ed.): Fetal pharmacology. New York: Raven Press 1973.
Butler, A.M., Richie, R.H.: Simplification and improvement in estimating drug dosage and fluid and dietary allowances for patients of varying sizes. New Engl. J. Med. 262, 903–908 (1960).
Butler, T.: The distribution of drugs. In: Ladu, B.N., Mandel, H.G., Way, E.L. (Eds.): Fundamentals of drug metabolism and drug disposition, pp. 44 62. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins 1971.
Caloagno, P.L., Rubin, M.I.: Renal extraction of para-aminohippurate in infants and children. J. clin. Invest. 42, 1632–1639 (1963).
Chignell, C.F.: Application of physicochemical and analytic techniques to the study of drug interactions with biological systems. Critical Rev. Toxicol. 1, 413–465 (1972).
Cotten, M. De V. (Ed.): Immunopharmacology. Pharmacol. Rev. 25, 157–363 (1973).
Court, J.M., Dunlop, M.E., Leonard, R.F.: High-frequency oscillation of blood free fatty acid levels in man. J. appl. Physiol. 31, 345–347 (1971).
Cuatrecasas, P.: Affinity chromatography of macromolecules. Advan. Enzymol. 36, 29–89 (1972).
Davidson, M.: In: Cook, R.E. (Ed.): Biologic basis of pediatric practice, Chapters 79 and 80, pp. 812–824. New York: McGraw Hill 1968.
Dicker, S.E.: Mechanisms of urine concentration and dilution in mammals, Chapter 9, pp. 133–148. London: Edward Arnold Ltd. 1970.
Donaldson, R.M., Jr.: Normal bacterial populations of the intestine and their relation to intestinal function. New Engl. J. Med. 270, 938–945 (1964).
Done, A. K.: Developmental pharmacology. Clin. Pharmacol. Therap. 5, 432–479 (1964).
Dreyer, G., Walker, E.W.A.: Therapeutical and pharmacological section: dosage of drugs, toxins and antitoxins. Proc. roy. Soc. Med. 7, 51–70 (1914).
Drugs and the Unborn Child: Clin. Pharmacol. Therap. 14, 619–770 (1973).
Finland, M., Meads, M., Ory, E.M.: Oral penicillin. J. Amer. med. Ass. 129, 315–320 (1945).
Frhs-Hansen, B.: Changes in body water compartments during growth. Acta paediat. Supplement 110, 1–68 (1956).
Friis-Hansen, B.: Body water compartments in children: changes during growth and related changes in body composition. Pediatrics 28, 169–181 (1961).
Gitlin, D.: Development and metabolism of the immune globulins. In: Kagan, B.M., Stiehm, E.R. (Eds.): Immunologic incompetance, pp. 3–13. Year Book Medical Publishers 1971.
Gitlin, D., Boesman, M.: Serum a-fetoprotein, albumin, and y G-globulin in the human con-ceptus. J. clin. Invest. 45, 1826–1838 (1966).
Glueck, C.J., Levy, R.I., Glueck, H.I., Gralnick, H.R., Greten, H., Fredrickson, D.S.: Acquired type I hyperlipoproteinemia with systemic lupus erythematosus, dysglobulinemia, and heparin resistance. Amer. J. Med. 47, 318–324 (1969).
Goldstein, A., Aronow, L., Kalman, S.M.: Principles of drug action: the basis of pharmacology, pp. 136–145. New York: Hoeber Med. Div., Harper and Row 1968a.
Goldstein, A., Aronow, L., Kalman, S.M.: Principles of drug action: the basis of pharmacology, pp. 194–202. New York: Hoeber Med. Div., Harper and Row 1968b.
Goodman, D.S.: The interaction of human serum albumin with long-chain fatty acid anions. J. Amer. chem. Soc. 80, 3892–3898 (1958).
Gorbach, S. L., Plaut, A. G., Nahas, L., Weinstein, L., Spanknebel, G., Levitan, R.: Studies of intestinal microflora. II. Microorganisms of the small intestine and their relations to oral and fecal flora. Gastroenterology 53, 856–867 (1967).
Grossman, M., Ticknor, W.: Serum levels of ampicillin, cephalothin, cloxacillin, and nafcillin in the newborn infant. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 214–219 (1965).
Grubb, R.: The genetic markers of human immunoglobulins, pp. 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer 1970.
Grundbacher, F. J., Shreefler, D.C.: Changes in human serum immunoglobulin levels with age and sex. Z. Immunitätsforsch. 141, 20–26 (1970).
Hirsch, G.H., Hook, J.B.: Maturation of renal organic acid transport: substrate stimulation by penicillin. Science 165, 909–910 (1969).
Holger-Madsen, T.: Reduction of heparin activity by plasma globulins in patients with increased heparin resistance. Acta haemat. 27, 157–170 (1962).
Hollingsworth, J.W., Hashizume, A., Jablon, S.: Correlations between tests of aging in Hiroshima subjects—an attempt to define “physiologic age”. Yale J. Biol. Med. 38, 11–26 (1965).
Horning, E.C., Horning, M.G., Carroll, D.I., Dzidic, I., Stillwell, R.N.: Chemical ionization mass spectrometry. In: Costa, E., Holmstedt, B. (Eds.): Advances in biochemical psychopharmacology, Vol. 7, pp. 15–31. New York: Raven Press 1973.
Horning, M.G., Harvey, D.J., Nowlin, J., Stillwell, W.G., Hill, R.M.: The use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods in perinatal pharmacology. In: Costa, E., Holmstedt, B. (Eds.): Advances in biochemical psychopharmacology, Vol. 7, pp. 113 – 124. New York: Raven Press 1973.
Huang, N.N., High, R.H.: Comparison of serum levels following the administration of oral and parenteral preparations of penicillin to infants and children of vrious age groups. J. Pediat. 42, 657–668 (1953).
Hyvarinen, M., Zeltzer, P., Oh, W., Stiehm, E.R.: Influence of gestational age on serum levels of a-1-fetoprotein, IgG globulin and albumin in newborn infants. J. Pediat. 82, 430–437 (1973).
International Symposium on Comparative Pharmacology: Fed. Proc. 26, 964–1265 (1967).
Ivy, A.A., Grossman, M.I.: Digestive system. In: Lansing, A.I. (Ed.): Cowdry’s problems of aging biological and medical aspects, 3rd ed., Chapter 20, pp. 481–526. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins 1952.
Jones, D.P., Perman, E.S., Lieber, C.S.: Free fatty acid turnover and triglyceride metabolism after ethanol ingestion in man. J. Lab. clin. Med. 66, 804–813 (1965).
Jusko, W.J., Levy, G., Yaffe, S.: Effect of age on intestinal absorption of riboflavin in humans. J. Pharm. Sci. 59, 487–490 (1970a).
Jusko, W.J., Khanna, N., Levy, G., Stern, L., Yaffe, S.J.: Riboflavin absorption and excretion in the neonate. Pediatrics 45, 945–949 (1970b).
Jusko, W.J., Levy, G., Yaffe, S.J., Allen, J.E.: Riboflavin absorption in children with biliary obstruction. Amer. J. Dis. Child. 121, 48–52 (1971).
Keen, P.: Effect of binding to plasma proteins on the distribution, activity, and elimination of drugs. In: Brodie, B.B., Gillette, J.R. (Eds.): Handbook of pharmacology, Vol. 28, Part I, pp. 213–233. Concepts in Biochemical Pharmacology. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer 1971.
Keys, A., Mickelson, O., Miller, E.V.O., Hayes, E.R., Todd, R.L.: Concentration of cholesterol in the blood serum of normal man and its relation to age. J. clin. Invest. 29, 1347–1353 (1950).
Knapp, D.R., Gaffney, T.E.: Use of stable isotopes in pharmacology-clinical pharmacology. Clin. Pharmacol. Therap. 13, 307–316 (1972).
Krasner, J., Giacoia, G.P., Yaffe, S.J.: Drug-protein binding in the newborn infant. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 226, 101–114 (1973).
Kunin, C.M., Craig, W. A., Korngxjth, M., Monson, R.: Influence of binding on the pharmacologic activity of antibiotics. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 226, 214–224 (1973).
Lanzkowsky, P., Lloyd, E.A., Lahey, M.E.: The oral D-xylose test in healthy infants and children: a micro-method of blood determination. J. Amer. med. Ass. 186, 517–519 (1963a).
Lanzkowsky, P., Madenlioglu, M., Wilson, J. F., Lahey, M.E.: Oral D-xylose test in healthy infants and children. New Engl. J. Med. 268, 1441–1444 (1963b).
Levi, A. J., Gatmaitan, Z., Arias, I.M.: Deficiency of hepatic organic anion-binding protein, impaired organic anion uptake by liver and “physiologic” jaundice in newborn monkeys. New Engl. J. Med. 283, 1136–1139 (1970).
Libow, L.S.: In: Birren, J.E., Butler, R.N., Greenhouse, S.W., Sokoloff, L. (Eds.): Human aging, a biological and behavioural study, Chapter 5, pp. 37–56. Public Health Publication 986 (1963).
Litwack, G., Ketterer, B., Arias, I.M.: Ligandin: a hepatic protein which binds steroids, bilirubin carcinogens and a number of exogenous organic anions. Nature (Lond.) 234, 466–467 (1971).
MacDonald, M.S., Emery, J. L.: The late intrauterine and postnatal development of human renal glomeruli. J. Anat. 93, 331–340 (1959).
Mccracken, G.H., Jr.: Clinical pharmacology of gentamicin in infants 2 to 24 months of age. Amer. J. Dis. Child. 124, 884–887 (1972).
McCracken, G.H., Jr., Jones, L.G.: Gentamicin in the neonatal period. Amer. J. Dis. Child. 120, 524–533 (1970).
McMahon, T.: Size and shape in biology. Science 179, 1201–1204 (1973).
McMenamy, R.H., Oncley, J.L.: The specific binding of L-tryptophan to serum albumin. J. biol. Chem. 233, 1436–1447 (1958).
Meyer, J., Sorter, H., Oliver, J., Necheles, H.: Studies in old age. VII. Intestinal absorption in old age. Gastroenterology 1, 876–881 (1943).
Miller, J. H., McDonald, R.K., Shock, N.W.: The renal extraction of p-aminohippurate in the aged individual. J. Gerontol. 6, 213–216 (1951).
Miller, R.A.: Observations on the gastric acidity during the first month of life. Arch. Dis. Childhood 16, 22–30 (1941).
Mirkin, B.L.: Symposium on developmental pharmacology. Fed. Proc. 31, 43–80 (1972).
Mishkin, S., Stein, L., Gatmaitan, Z., Arias, I. M.: The binding of fatty acids to cytoplasmic proteins: binding to Z protein in liver and other tissues of the rat. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 47, 997–1003 (1972).
Nathanielsz, P.W.: The effect of free fatty acids on resin uptake of tri-iodothyronine from human, rat, rabbit, and guinea-pig serum and human serum albumin. J. Endocrinol. 45, 489–493 (1969).
Nebert, D. W.: Use of fetal cell culture as an experimental system for predicting drug metabolism in the intact animal. Clin. Pharmacol. Therap. 14, 693–699 (1973).
Norris, A.H., Shook, N.W.: Aging and variability. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 134, 591–601 (1966).
Ockner, R.K., Manning, J.A., Poppenhausen, R.B., Ho, W.K.L.: A binding protein for fatty acids in cytosol of intestinal mucosa, liver, myocardium, and other tissues. Science 177, 56–58 (1972).
O’Connor, W.J., Warren, G.H., Edrada, L.S., Mandala, P.S., Rosenman, S.B.: Serum concentrations of sodium nafcillin in infants during the perinatal period. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 220–222, 1965.
Parke, D. V., Lindup, W.E.: Quantitative and qualitative aspects of the plasma protein binding of carbenoxolone, an ulcer healing drug. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 226, 200–213 (1973).
Prox, A.: Some applications of mass spectrometry in drug metabolism studies. Xenobiotica 3, 473–492 (1973).
Rammelkamp, C.H., Helm, J. D., Jr.: Studies on absorption of penicillin from stomach. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N. Y.) 54, 324–327 (1943).
Reyes, H., Levi, J. A., Gatmaitan, Z., Arias, I. M.: Studies of Y and Z two hepatic cytoplasmic organic anion-binding proteins: effects of drugs, chemicals, hormones, and cholestasis. J. clin. Invest. 30, 2242–2252 (1970).
Rodahl, K., Miller, H.I., Issektjtz, B., Jr.: Plasma free fatty acids in exercise. J. appl. Physiol. 19, 489–492 (1964).
Salatka, K., Kresge, D., Harris, L., Jr., Edelstein, D., Ove, P.: Rat serum protein changes with age. Exp. Geront. 6, 25–36 (1971).
Schanker, L.S.: In: Ladf, B.N., Mandel, H.G., Way, E.L. (Eds.): Drug absorption. In: Fundamentals of drug metabolism and drug disposition. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins 1971.
Shock, N.W.: Age changes in renal function. In: Lansing, A.I. (Ed.): Cowdry’s problems of aging, 3rd ed., pp. 614–630. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins 1952.
Smith, C.A.: The physiology of the newborn infant, 2nd ed., pp. 180–198. Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas 1951.
Spector, A. A.: Metabolism of free fatty acids. Progr. Biochem. Pharmacol. 6, 130–176 (1971).
Spector, A.A., Santos, E.C., Ashbrook, J.D., Fletcher, J.E.: Influence of free fatty acid concentration on drug binding to plasma albumin. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 226, 247–258 (1973).
Spencer, R.P.: Variation of intestinal activity with age: a review. Yale J. Biol. Med. 37, 105–129 (1964).
Stahl, W.R.: Organ weights in primates and other mammals. Science 150, 1039–1042 (1965).
Swell, L., Field, H., Jr., Treadwell, C.R.: Relation of age and race to serum cholesterol ester fatty acid composition. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N. Y.) 105, 129–131 (1960).
Tabachnick, M.: Thyroxine-protein interactions. III. Effect of fatty acids, 2, 4-dinitrophenol and other anionic compounds on the binding of thyroxine by human serum albumin. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 106, 415–421 (1964).
Venter, J. C., Dixon, J. E., Markors, P. R., Kaplan, N.O.: Biologically active catecholamines covalently bound to glass beads. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 69, 1141–1145 (1972).
Wachstein, M., Bradshaw, M.: Histochemical localization of enzyme activity in the kidneys of three mammalian species during their postnatal development. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 13, 44–56 (1965).
Wagner, J.: Biopharmaceutics: influence of formulation on therapeutic activity. 1. Definition, scope, and relationship to gastrointestinal physiology. Drug Intelligence 2, 30–34 (1968).
Walsh, C. T., Levine, R.R.: Drug absorption in rats pretreated with antibiotics. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 188, 277–286 (1974).
Weil, W.B., Jr.: The evaluation of renal function in infancy and childhood. Amer. J. med. Sci. 229, 678–694 (1955).
West, J. R., Smith, H. W., Chasis, H.: Glomerular filtration rate, effective renal blood flow, and maximal tubular excretory capacity in infancy. J. Pediat. 32, 10–18 (1948).
West, C.D., Hong, R„ Holland, N.H.: Immunoglobulin levels from the newborn period to adulthood and in immunoglobulin deficiency states. J. clin. Invest. 41, 2054–2064 (1962).
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1975 Springer-Verlag Berlin · Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Weber, W.W., Cohen, S.N. (1975). Aging Effects and Drugs in Man. In: Gillette, J.R., Mitchell, J.R. (eds) Concepts in Biochemical Pharmacology. Handbuch der experimentellen Pharmakologie / Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 28 / 3. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46314-3_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46314-3_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-46316-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-46314-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive