Abstract
In this chapter we shall discuss what is termed pulsing aurora. This includes pulsating, flaming, flickering and streaming forms. These forms of pulsing aurora are defined as follows in the International Auroral Atlas (1963):
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p = Pulsing. Pulsing describes a condition of fairly rapid, often rhythmical fluctuations of brightness. The period of the fluctuation ranges from a fraction of a second to the order of minutes.
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Four kinds of pulsing may be distinguished; they are described by the participles pulsating, flaming, flickering and streaming.
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p 1 (Pulsating). This sub-class covers those conditions in which the phase of the variation of brightness is uniform throughout the form.
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p 2 (Flaming). This sub-classification refers to a large area of the sky rather than to an individual form. The sky appears lit by surges of luminosity sweeping upwards towards the magnetic zenith. Very occasionally, flaming has been reported as sweeping downwards.
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p 3 (Flickering). This is a condition of a large part a display which undergoes rapid, more or less irregular changes in brightness as if lit by flickering flames.
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p 4 (Streaming). In this sub-class there is an irregular variation of brightness which progresses rapidly along the horizontal extent of homogeneous forms.
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Omholt, A. (1971). Pulsing Aurora. In: The Optical Aurora. Physics and Chemistry in Space, vol 4. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46269-6_7
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