Abstract
The scientific study of volcanoes started at the dawn of the geology and geography. The most part of the studies of volcanic phenomena have been done up to the present from the geological and geographical viewpoints, as the descriptions on earthquakes had been done by geologists till the middle of the last century. Geological, petrographical and chemical investigations have supplied very fruitful results. But volcanology also has not been allowed to remain indifferent to the current of the rapid development in the fields of physics and geophysics. Not a few efforts have been made to replace the past qualitative descriptions of volcanic phenomena by quantitative measurements after the methods of physics or of geophysics. However, it is still not easy to construct a vivid image concerning the mode of causation of volcanic activity based upon the results of geophysical methods only. At present, the results are interpreted usually on the basis of some older idea, not on the basis of advanced physics or geophysics. Physical and geophysical methods have been employed only to make the description of phenomena, as of old, more quantitative.
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Sakuma, S., Nagata, T. (1957). Physical Volcanology. In: Bartels, J. (eds) Geophysik II / Geophysics II. Handbuch der Physik / Encyclopedia of Physics, vol 10 / 48. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45881-1_17
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