Abstract
The systematic study and interpretation of x-ray and optical spectra of the elements had already reached a fairly advanced stage by 1930. The main features of atomic spectra were satisfactorily accounted for on the basis of the wave mechanical model. In addition, the interaction of x-rays with crystalline matter had yielded a clear picture concerning the arrangement of atoms in a solid. These advances were the outcome of experimental effort in two distinct domains- the so-called optical and x-ray regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The division was a natural one, since different experimental procedures had to be adopted in carrying out measurements in widely separated wavelength regions.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Bibliography
Thibaud, J.: J. de Phys. 8, 13, 447 (1937). Phys. Z. 29, 241 (1928). These papers, now of historical importance, contain a summary of methods involving the use of plane gratings.
Siegbahn, M.: Ergebn. exakt. Naturw. 16, 104 (1937). An excellent survey article which describes methods used in making measurements in the soft x-ray region by the use of gratings. Contains a summary of investigations in emission and absorption spectra of the light elements carried out by him and his collaborators at Upsala. Includes a fairly complete list of references to papers in the field up to 1937.
Edlén, B.: Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Sci. Upsaliensis 9, Nr. 6 (1934). Gives precision measurements of wavelengths in the extreme ultraviolet and includes valuable information on the isoelectronic sequences of the light atoms.
Sommerfeld, A., u. H. Bethe: Elektronentheorie der Metalle. In GEIGER-SCHEEL’S Handbuch der Physik, Bd. 24/2, S. 333. 1933.
Seitz, F.: The Modern Theory of Solids. New York: McGraw-Hill 1940.
Wilson, A. H.: The Theory of Metals, 2nd Ed. Cambridge Univ. Press 1953.
Mott, N. F., and H. Jones: The Theory of the Properties of Metals and Alloys. Oxford Univ. Press 1936.
Slater, J. C.: Rev. Mod. Phys. 6, 209 (1934). References [4] to [7] are the standard texts which deal with the theoretical aspects of the theory of solids. Reference [8] gives a discussion of the wave-mechanical methods used in determining the wavefunctions and energy levels of a solid and illustrates their application to the problem of determining the electronic levels for sodium.
Skinner, H. W. B.: Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond., Ser. A 239, 95 (1940). This is an exhaustive account of the soft x-ray emission spectra of the crystalline elements in the first two groups of the periodic table. It contains information regarding experimental observations and their interpretations.
Landolt-Börnstein Tables, eighth edition. Berlin: Springer 1950. Vol. 1, Part 4, p. 769. Contains the bulk of experimental data on emission bands and absorption spectra. Many reproductions of experimental curves are included. Vol. 1, Part 4, p. 809. Gives data and curves showing the secondary structure observed on the short wavelength side of absorption edges.
Niehrs, H.: Röntgenspektroskopie der Valenzelektronen-Bänder in Kristallen. Ergeb. exakt. Naturw. 23, 359 (1950). A recent survey of results in the soft x-ray region. Includes many references. In addition to material on the spectra of crystalline elements, the author has summarized the existing information on the spectra of compounds and alloys.
Raynor, G. V.: The Band Structure of Metals. Rep. Prop. Phys. 15, 173 (1952). Discusses the electronic structure of a selection of metals and in several instances compares the experimental results of x-ray spectroscopy with theoretical expectations.
Y. Cauchois: Les Spectres de Rayon X et la Structure Electronique de la Matière. Paris: Gauthier-Villars 1948. Gives a review of those aspects of the theory which are of importance to the interpretation of the spectra of solids. Contains a summary of experimental results. There is an extensive bibliography. Particularly useful in the monograph is the listing of source references under each individual element.
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1957 Springer-Verlag OHG. Berlin · Göttingen · Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tomboulian, D.H. (1957). The Experimental Methods of Soft X-ray Spectroscopy and the Valence Band Spectra of the Light Elements. In: Röntgenstrahlen / X-Rays. Handbuch der Physik / Encyclopedia of Physics, vol 6 / 30. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45863-7_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45863-7_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-45865-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-45863-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive