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Syngas Production Using Carbon Dioxide Reforming: Fundamentals and Perspectives

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Transformation and Utilization of Carbon Dioxide

Part of the book series: Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology ((GCST))

Abstract

Syngas can be produced from a variety of different hydrocarbon molecules by the catalysed reaction with steam, carbon dioxide or oxygen (or with various combinations of these) at high temperatures. This chapter summarises some of the most significant work that has been reported for the use of CO2, with or without added steam or oxygen, in the reforming of hydrocarbons over a variety of different catalyst types, the main attention being given to reactions of methane. Although the so-called dry reforming of methane (i.e. the reaction of CH4 + CO2 alone) may have some limited applications in practice, problems such as carbon deposition on the catalysts used are likely to prevent widespread use of this process. It is therefore more likely that “mixed reforming” (i.e. CH4 + CO2 + H2O or perhaps CH4 + CO2 + O2) will be applied. This is not only because the mixed feed gives potentially more useful syngas ratios but also because its use helps prevent C deposition. Since the number of papers that have been published on the subject on the CO2 reforming of methane and higher hydrocarbons is very high, no attempt is made in this review to cover all of the literature on the subject. Instead, the review lists and, when appropriate, comments on the most significant papers related to the most promising catalyst types used for the CO2 reforming of methane. While emphasis is placed on the key literature of the last twenty years or so, some of the most recent papers on the subject are also listed.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    No attempt has been made to cross-check the contents of various searches that have been carried out so that the total number of papers is likely to be well in excess of 2000. More detailed Web of Science and Scopus searches have also been carried out in order to identify some of the key references on each of these subjects, and the text that follows below concentrates predominantly on these papers.

  2. 2.

    A relatively small proportion of the papers in the recent literature have recognised these further limitations, and some of these are listed in the tables below.

  3. 3.

    Unfortunately, a significant proportion of the papers in the recent literature report experiments carried out under unrealistic conditions, for example, at low temperatures or with non-stoichiometric reactant compositions; in any process that will be developed, the reaction will be carried out at high temperatures and pressures under conditions close to equilibrium, and any novel catalyst formulations must be tested under similar conditions.

  4. 4.

    Syngas could also be formed by coal gasification or by modifications of the gasification process using steam or CO2 in the feed.

  5. 5.

    We have paid some attention to this time dependence in our choice of which papers to include.

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Acknowledgement

The author wishes to thank Bhari Mallanna Nagaraja for having contributed some of the references included in this review and for having read and commented on the concept manuscript.

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  1. Charles Parsons Initiative, Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland

    Julian R. H. Ross

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  1. Julian R. H. Ross
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Correspondence to Julian R. H. Ross .

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  1. Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India

    Bhalchandra M. Bhanage

  2. Division of Chemical Process Engineering, Hokkaido University Faculty of Engineering, Sapporo, Japan

    Masahiko Arai

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Ross, J.R.H. (2014). Syngas Production Using Carbon Dioxide Reforming: Fundamentals and Perspectives. In: Bhanage, B., Arai, M. (eds) Transformation and Utilization of Carbon Dioxide. Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-44988-8_6

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