Skip to main content

Corporate Governance in the Philippines and Switzerland―A Comparison of the Institutional Environment and Practices

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Corporate Governance in Emerging Markets

Abstract

This chapter reviews the corporate governance environment of the Philippines and Switzerland by comparing and contrasting the experiences and practices of businesses in these two countries. The comparison between an economically developed country and a developing one provides an insight into the challenges both countries face in implementing corporate governance reforms. The theoretical scope is explored by emphasizing the institutional framework of both countries. Underlying economic measures are also provided placing the context of corporate ownership and board experience.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    A synopsis of Switzerland's history and development can be found in e.g. Maissen (2012). For the institutional System see Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft (2012).

  2. 2.

    Ratios: United States: 17,140,000 (market value of publicly traded shares in 2010)/15,650,000 (GDP in 2012). Germany: 1,430,000/3,367,000. China: 4,763,000/8,250,000.

References

  • Aguilera, R. V., & Jackson, G. (2010). Comparative and international corporate governance. The Academy of Management Annals, 4(1), 485–556.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bayangos, V., & Jansen, K. (2011). Remittances and competitiveness: The case of the Philippines. World Development, 39(10), 1834–1846.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berle, A. A., & Means, G. C. (1933). The modern corporation and private property. New York: Commerce Clearing House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cadbury, A. (2002). Corporate governance and chairmanship: A personal view. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Cariño, L. (1989). Bureaucracy for a democracy: The struggle of the Philippine political leadership and the civil service in the Post-Marcos period. Philippine Journal of Public Administration, 33(3), 207–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Celoza, A. F. (1997). Ferdinand Marcos and the Philippines: The political economy of authoritarianism. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • CIA. (2013). Library, The World Factbook. www.cia.gov

  • Claessens, S., Djankov, S., & Lang, L. H. P. (2000). The separation of ownership and control in East Asian corporations. Journal of Financial Economics, 58(1/2), 81–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dela Rama, M. (2012). Corporate governance and corruption: Ethical dilemmas of Asian business groups. Journal of Business Ethics, 109(4), 501–519.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dyck, A., & Zingales, L. (2004). Private benefits of control: An international comparison. The Journal of Finance, 59(2), 537–600.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Easterbrook, F. H., & Fischel, D. R. (1989). The corporate contract. Columbia Law Review, 89(7), 1416–1448.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edelman, L. B., & Stryker, R. (2005). A sociological approach to law and the economy. In N. J. Smelser & R. Swedberg (Eds.), The handbook of economic sociology (2nd ed., pp. 527–551). Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Faccio, M., & Lang, L. H. P. (2002). The ultimate ownership of Western European corporations. Journal of Financial Economics, 65(3), 365–395.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fama, E. F., & Jensen, M. C. (1983). Separation of ownership and control. The Journal of Law and Economics, 26(2), 301–325.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferris, S. P., Kim, K. A., & Kitsabunnarat, P. (2003). The costs (and benefits?) of diversified business groups: The case of Korean chaebols. Journal of Banking & Finance, 27(2), 251–273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Finkelstein, S., & D’Aveni, R. A. (1994). CEO duality as a double-edge sword: How boards of directors balance entrenchment avoidance and unity of command. Academy of Management Journal, 37(5), 1079–1108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gantenbein, P., & Volonté, C. (2012). Corporate social responsibility and the board’s role in Switzerland. In S. Boubaker & D. K. Nguyen (Eds.), Board directors and corporate social responsibility (pp. 202–214). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gantenbein, P., & Volonté, C. (2013). Directors’ business experience, firm strategy, and firm performance (Working paper), University of Basel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gersick, K. E., Davis, J. A., McCollom Hampton, M., & Lansberg, I. (1997). Generation to generation: Life cycles of the family business. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gompers, P. A., Ishii, J., & Metrick, A. (2003). Corporate governance and equity prices. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(1), 107–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gompers, P. A., Ishii, J., & Metrick, A. (2010). Extreme governance: An analysis of dual-class firms in the United States. Review of Financial Studies, 23(3), 1051–1088.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Granovetter, M. (2001). Coase revisited: Business groups in the modern economy. In G. Dosi, D. J. Teece, & J. Chytry (Eds.), Technology, organisation and competitiveness: Perspectives on industrial and corporate change (pp. 67–103). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guillen, M. F. (2000). Business groups in emerging economies: A resource-based view. Academy of Management Journal, 43(3), 362–380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heritage Foundation. (2013). Index of economic freedom. www.heritage.org

  • Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofstede, G. (2013). National cultural dimensions. www.geert-hofstede.com

  • Ilchman, W. F., & Uphoff, N. T. (1998). The political economy of change. Piscataway: Transaction Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • IMF. (2012). World Economic Outlook: Growth resuming, dangers remain. www.imf.org

  • Kim, I. J., Eppler-Kim, J., Kim, W. S., & Byun, S. J. (2010). Foreign investors and corporate governance in Korea. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 18(4), 390–402.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • La Porta, R., Lopez de Silanes, F., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1997). Legal determinants of external finance. The Journal of Finance, 52(3), 1131–1150.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • La Porta, R., Lopez de Silanes, F., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1998). Law and finance. Journal of Political Economy, 106(61), 1113–1155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • La Porta, R., Lopez de Silanes, F., & Shleifer, A. (1999). Corporate ownership around the world. The Journal of Finance, 54(2), 471–517.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (2000). Investor protection and corporate governance. Journal of Financial Economics, 58(1), 3–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • La Porta, R., Lopez de Silanes, F., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (2002). Investor protection and corporate valuation. The Journal of Finance, 57(3), 1147–1170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lazonick, W. (1991). Business organisation and the myth of the market economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, D., Nguyen, Q. N., Pham, P. K., & Wei, S. X. (2011). Large foreign ownership and firm-level stock return volatility in emerging markets. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 46(4), 1127–1155.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, J. Y., & Nugent, J. B. (1995). Institutions and economic development. In J. Behrman & T. N. Srinivasan (Eds.), Handbook of development economics (Vol. 3A, pp. 2303–2370). Amsterdam: Elsevier Sciences.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maissen, T. (2012). Geschichte der Schweiz (4th ed.). Baden: Hier + Jetzt, Verlag für Kultur und Geschichte.

    Google Scholar 

  • Masulis, R. W., Wang, C., & Xie, F. (2009). Agency problems at dual-class companies. The Journal of Finance, 64(4), 1697–1727.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Masulis, R. W., Pham, P. K., & Zein, J. (2011). Family business groups around the world: Financing advantages, control motivations, and organizational choices. Review of Financial Studies, 24(11), 3556–3600.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • North, D. (1991). Institutions. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 5(1), 97–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Penrose, E. (2009). The theory of the growth of the firm (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Penrose, E. (1959, 2010). The theory of the growth of the firm (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peters, B. G., & Pierre, J. (Eds.). (2004). Politicization of the civil service in comparative perspective: The quest for control. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pfeffer, J., & Salancik, G. R. (1978). The external control of organisations: A resource dependence perspective. New York: Harper & Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sales, A. (1979). La bourgeoisie industrielle au Québec. Québec: Les Presses de L’Université de Montréal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft. (2012). Der Bund kurz erklaert (34th ed.). Bern: Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft.

    Google Scholar 

  • SEC. (2002). Securities and Exchange Commission of the Philippines’ Corporate Governance Code of 2002. www.sec.gov.ph. Accessed 2 May 2013.

  • Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1986). Large shareholders and corporate control. Journal of Political Economy, 94(3), 461–488.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1997). A survey of corporate governance. The Journal of Finance, 52(2), 737–783.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, A. (1776). Wealth of nations. London: Strahan and Cadell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stulz, R. M., & Williamson, R. (2003). Culture, openness, and finance. Journal of Financial Economics, 70(3), 313–349.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Transparency International. (2009). Transparency in reporting on anti-corruption: A report on corporate practices, Berlin, Germany: Transparency International. http://archive.transparency.org/content/download/44358/710959. Accessed on 28 Jan 2014.

  • Transparency International. (2012). Corruption Perceptions Index 2012. www.transparency.org

  • Vallance, S. (1999). Performance appraisal in Singapore, Thailand and the Philippines: A cultural perspective. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 58(3), 78–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Volonté, C. (2013). Is culture a determinant of corporate governance? (Unpublished working paper), University of Basel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Volonté, C., & Zaby, S. (2012). The minority investors’ voice option and its impact on firm performance (Unpublished working paper), University of Basel.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Bank. (2001). World Development Report 2002: Building institutions for markets. Washington, DC: World Bank.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • World Bank, Asian Development Bank (ADB). (2003). Philippines: Improving government performance = discipline, efficiency and equity in managing public resources (Report No. 24256). www-wds.worldbank.org. Accessed 29 Apr 2009.

  • Wu, X. (2005). Corporate governance and corruption: A cross-country analysis. International Journal of Policy, Administration and Institutions, 18(2), 151–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christophe Volonté .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rama, M.d., Volonté, C., Zaby, S. (2014). Corporate Governance in the Philippines and Switzerland―A Comparison of the Institutional Environment and Practices. In: Boubaker, S., Nguyen, D. (eds) Corporate Governance in Emerging Markets. CSR, Sustainability, Ethics & Governance. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-44955-0_14

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics