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Animal Models for Brain Research

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PET and SPECT of Neurobiological Systems

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Abstract

Animal models are important experimental tools in neuroscience research since they allow appraisal of selected and specific brain pathogenesis-related questions – often not easily accessible in human patients – in a temporal and spatial pattern. Translational research based on valid animal models may aid in alleviating some of the unmet needs in the current pharmaceutical market. Of primary concern to a neuroscience researcher is the selection of the most relevant animal model to achieve pursued research goals. Researchers are challenged to develop models that recapitulate the disorder in question, but are quite often confronted with the choice between models that reproduce cardinal pathological features of the disorders caused by mechanisms that may not necessarily occur in the patients versus models that are based on known aetiological mechanisms that may not reproduce all clinical features. Besides offering some general concepts concerning the relevance, validity and generalisation of animal models for brain disorders, this chapter focuses in detail on animal models of brain disease, in particular schizophrenia models as examples of animal models of psychiatric disorders and Alzheimer’s disease models as examples of animal models of neurological/neurodegenerative disorders.

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Abbreviations

AChE:

Acetylcholinesterase

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

APP:

Amyloid precursor protein

Aβ:

Amyloid β

BPSD:

Behavioural and psychological signs and symptoms of dementia

ChAT:

Choline O-acetyltransferase

DISC1 :

Disrupted in schizophrenia-1 gene

DSM-IVTR:

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition

DTNBP1 :

Dysbindin gene

ERBB4 :

Neuregulin 1 receptor gene

FRL:

Flinders resistant line

FSL:

Flinders sensitive line

HAB:

High-anxiety-related behaviour Wistar rat line

LAB:

Low-anxiety-related behaviour Wistar rat line

LI:

Latent inhibition

NFT:

Neurofibrillary tangle

NGF:

Nerve growth factor

NMDA:

N-methyl-D-aspartate

NRG1 :

Neuregulin 1 gene

PCP:

Phencyclidine

PDAPP:

Platelet-derived growth factor promoter-driven APP

PPI:

Prepulse inhibition

PSEN:

Presenilin

RELN:

Reelin gene

SAM:

Senescence‐accelerated mouse

SAMP:

SAM‐prone substrain

SNP:

Single nucleotide polymorphism

TDP-43:

TAR DNA-binding protein 43

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Interuniversity Poles of Attraction (IAP Network P7/16) of the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office, Methusalem excellence grant of the Flemish Government, agreement between the Institute Born-Bunge and the University of Antwerp, the Medical Research Foundation Antwerp, the Thomas Riellaerts research fund and Neurosearch Antwerp. DVD is a postdoctoral fellow of the FWO.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium

    Debby Van Dam

  2. Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA), Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Lindendreef 1, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium

    Peter Paul De Deyn

  3. Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, 9713 GZ, The Netherlands

    Peter Paul De Deyn

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  1. Debby Van Dam
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Correspondence to Debby Van Dam .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Rudi A.J.O. Dierckx

  2. Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Applied Sciences Offenburg, Offenburg, Germany

    Andreas Otte

  3. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Erik F.J. de Vries

  4. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Aren van Waarde

  5. Molecular Neurobiology, Universtiy of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Paul G.M. Luiten

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Van Dam, D., De Deyn, P.P. (2014). Animal Models for Brain Research. In: Dierckx, R., Otte, A., de Vries, E., van Waarde, A., Luiten, P. (eds) PET and SPECT of Neurobiological Systems. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-42014-6_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-42014-6_1

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