Zusammenfassung
Der epileptische Anfall ist Ausdruck einer paroxysmalen neuronalen Funktionsstörung. Dabei kommt es zu einer Entladung von Neuronen mit exzessiv gesteigerter Frequenz und abnormer Synchronie. Betrifft die Synchronie größere Neuronenpopulationen und dauert sie längere Zeit an, kommt es zu Anfallserscheinungen. Ausdehnung und Lokalisation der betroffenen Neuronenverbände bestimmen die klinischen Symptome. Eine eng umgrenzte epileptische Störung führt nur zu fokalen Anfallssymptomen, wohingegen aus einer Ausbreitung der Erregung mit Einbeziehung von Hirnstammstrukturen generalisierte Erscheinungen mit Bewusstseinsverlust resultieren.
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Neubauer, B., Hahn, A. (2014). Basismechanismen, allgemeine Ätiologie und Pathogenese. In: Neubauer, B., Hahn, A. (eds) Dooses Epilepsien im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41954-6_2
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