Abstract
Cartilage has long been recognized as having limited healing potential; therefore when injury occurs, surgical intervention may be necessary to achieve repair of the resulting focal chondral defects and obtain good functional outcome. The trend of research is now going towards preventive interventions and therapeutic solutions that can lead to an enhancement of tissue regeneration and the reduction of degenerative mechanisms. In this regard, the use of mesenchymal t stem cells (MSCs) and growth factors, can represent a viable alternative.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Hunter W (1743) On the structure and diseases of articulating cartilage. Philos Trans Rsoc Lond B Biol Sci 9:277
Curl WW, Krome J, Gordon E, Rushing J, Smith BP, Poehling GG (1997) Cartilage injuries: a review of 31516 knee arthroscopies. Arthroscopy 13:456–460
Flanigan DC, Harris JD, Trinh TQ, Siston RA, Brophy RH (2010) Prevalence of chondral defects in athletes’ knees: a systematic review. Med Sci Sports Exerc 42(10):1795–1801, Review
Fulkerson JP (2002) Diagnosis and treatment of patients with patellofemoral pain. Am J Sports Med 30(3):447–456, Review
Gomoll A, Farr J (2009) Future developments in cartilage repair. In: Cole B, Gomoll A (eds) Biologic joint reconstruction. SLACK Incorporated, Thorofare
Minas T (2004) Autologous chondrocyte implantation in the osteoarthritic knee. In: Cole B, Malek M (eds) Articular cartilage lesions. Springer, New York
McKinley BJ, Cushner FD, Scott WN (1999) Debridement arthroscopy. 10-year follow-up. Clin Orthop 367:190–194
Steadman JR, Rodkey WG, Briggs KK (2002) Microfracture to treat full thickness chondral defects: surgical technique, rehabilitation, and outcomes. J Knee Surg 15:170–176
Steadman JR, Briggs KK, Rodrigo JJ, Kocher MS, Gill TJ, Rodkey WG (2003) Outcomes of microfracture for traumatic chondral defects of the knee: average 11-year follow-up. Arthroscopy 19:477–484
Gobbi A, Francisco R, Allegra F et al (2006) Arthroscopic treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus: a prospective study of three different techniques. Arthroscopy 22(10):1085–1092
Gobbi A, Karnatzikos G, Kumar A (2013) Long-term results after microfracture treatment for full-thickness knee chondral lesions in athletes. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 24051505
Minas T, Gomoll AH, Rosenberger R, Royce RO, Bryant T (2009) Increased failure rate of autologous chondrocyte implantation after previous treatment with marrow stimulation techniques. Am J Sports Med 37(5):902–908
Saris DBF, Vanlauwe J, Victor J et al (2008) CCI results in better structural repair when treating symptomatic cartilage defects of the knee in a randomised clinical trial versus microfracture. Am J Sports Med 36(2):235–246
Hangody L, Fules P (2003) Autologous osteochondral mosaicplasty for the treatment of full-thickness defects of weight-bearing joints. J Bone Joint Surg Am 85-A(Suppl 3):25–32
Brittberg M, Lindahl A, Nilsson A, Ohlsson C, Isaksson O, Peterson L (1994) Treatment of deep cartilage defects in the knee with autologous chondrocyte transplantation. N Engl J Med 331(14):889–895
Minas T, Peterson L (1999) Advanced techniques in autologous chondrocyte transplantation. Clin Sports Med 18(1):13–44
Henderson I, Francisco R, Oakes B, Cameron J (2005) Autologous chondrocyte implantation for treatment of focal chondral defects of the knee – a clinical, arthroscopic, MRI and histologic evaluation at 2 years. Knee 12(3):209–216
Henderson IJ, Tuy B, Oakes B et al (2003) Prospective clinical study of autologous chondrocyte implantation and correlation with MRI at three and 12 months. J Bone Joint Surg Br 85:1060–1066
Peterson L, Vasiliadis HS, Brittberg M, Lindahl A (2010) Autologous chondrocyte implantation: a long-term follow-up. Am J Sports Med 38(6):1117–1124
Gobbi A, Bathan L (2009) Minimal invasive second-generation autologous chondrocyte implantation. In: Cole B, Gomoll A (eds) Biologic joint reconstruction. SLACK Incorporated, Thorofare
Kon E, Filardo G, Delcogliano M et al (2007) Arthroscopic second-generation autologous chondrocyte implantation at 48 months follow up. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 15(Suppl B, 22.1):44–45
Kon E, Gobbi A, Filardo G et al (2009) Arthroscopic second-generation A.C.I. Compared with microfractures for chondral lesions of the knee. Am J Sports Med 37:33
Marcacci M, Zaffagnini S, Kon E et al (2002) Arthroscopic autologous chondrocyte transplantation: technical note. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 10:154–159
Gobbi A, Kon E, Filardo G et al (2009) Patellofemoral full-thickness chondral defects treated with second generation ACI: a clinical review at 5 years follow-up. Am J Sports Med 37(6):1083–1092
Marcacci M, Berruto M, Gobbi A, Kon E et al (2005) Articular cartilage engineering with Hyalograft C: 3-year clinical results. Clin Orthop Relat Res 435:96–105
Nehrer S, Domayer S, Dorotka R et al (2006) Three-year clinical outcome after chondrocyte transplantation using a hyaluronan matrix for cartilage repair. Eur J Radiol 57:3–8
Mackay AM, Beck SC, Murphy JM et al (1998) Chondrogenic differentiation of cultured human mesenchymal stem cells from marrow. Tissue Eng 4(4):415–428
Fortier LA, Balkman CE, Sandell LJ et al (2001) Insulin-like growth factor-I gene expression patterns during spontaneous repair of acute articular cartilage injury. J Orthop Res 19(4):720–728
Fortier LA, Mohammed HO, Lust G et al (2002) Insulin-like growth factor-I enhances cell-based repair of articular cartilage. J Bone Joint Surg Br 84(2):276–288
Nixon AJ, Wilke MM, Nydam DV (2007) Enhanced early chondrogenesis in articular defects following arthroscopic mesenchymal stem cell implantation in an equine model. J Orthop Res 25(7):913–925
Johnstone B, Hering TM, Caplan AI et al (1998) In vitro chondrogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells. Exp Cell Res 238(1): 265–272
Muraglia A, Cancedda R, Quarto R (2000) Clonal mesenchymal progenitors from human bone marrow differentiate in vitro according to a hierarchical model. J Cell Sci 113(Pt 7):1161–1166
Nakagawa Y, Nakamura T et al (2001) Osteochondral grafting and arthroplasty for end-stage osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum-a case report and review of the literature. Am J Sports Med 29(5):650–655
Grigolo B, Lisignoli G, Desando G, Cavallo C, Marconi E, Tschon M et al (2009) Osteoarthritis treated with mesenchymal stem cells on hyaluronan-based scaffold in rabbit. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 15(4):647–658
Ando W, Frank CB, Nakamura DA et al (2009) Comparison of mesenchymal progenitor cells derived from different porcine tissues for lineage specific potential. ICRS Abstract Book. Miami, p 75
Ando W, Tateishi K, Katakai D, Hart DA, Higuchi C, Nakata K, Hashimoto J, Fujie H, Shino K, Yoshikawa H, Nakamura N (2008) In vitro generation of a scaffold-free tissue-engineered construct (TEC) derived from human synovial mesenchymal stem cells: biological and mechanical properties and further chondrogenic potential. Tissue Eng Part A 14(12):2041–2049
Ochi M, Kanaya A, Nishimori M Cell therapy for promotion of cartilage regeneration after drilling and ACL healing. 6TH Biennial ISAKOS Congress, Florence, Italy, 2007
Ochi M, Adachi N, Nobuto H, Agung M, Kawamata S, Yanada S (2006) Effects of CD44 antibody- or RGDS peptide – immobilized magnetic beads on cell proliferation and chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 77(4):773–784
Fortier L, Potter H, Rickey E, Schnabel L, Foo L, Chong L et al (2010) Concentrated bone marrow aspirate improves full-thickness cartilage repair combined to microfracture in an equine model. J Bone Joint Surg Am 92:1927–1937
Wakitani S, Imoto K, Yamamoto T et al (2002) Human autologous culture expanded bone marrow mesenchymal cell transplantation for repair of cartilage defects in osteoarthritic knees. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 10(3):199–206
Giannini S, Buda R, Vannini F et al (2009) One-step bone marrow-derived cell transplantation in talar osteochondral lesions. Clin Orthop Relat Res 467:3307–3320
Gobbi A, Karnatzikos G, Scotti C, Mahajan V, Mazzucco L, Grigolo B (2011) One-step cartilage repair with bone marrow aspirate concentrated cells and collagen matrix in full-thickness knee cartilage lesions: results at 2 year follow up. Cartilage 2(3):286–299
Gobbi A, Karnatzikos G, Sankineani SR (2014) Treatment of Large Full-thickness Chondral Defects of the Knee in One-Step Surgery with Multipotent Stem Cells Am J Sports Med DOI: 10.1177/0363546513518007 (In Press)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 ESSKA
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gobbi, A., Kumar, A., Karnatzikos, G., Nakamura, N. (2014). The Future of Cartilage Repair Surgery. In: Shetty, A.A., Kim, SJ., Nakamura, N., Brittberg, M. (eds) Techniques in Cartilage Repair Surgery. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41921-8_31
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41921-8_31
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-41920-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-41921-8
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)