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Advanced Molecular and Microspectroscopy Toolbox for Deciphering Soil Diazotroph Diversity

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Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry

Part of the book series: Soil Biology ((SOILBIOL,volume 39))

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Abstract

Microbial diversity is microbial species richness and evenness in a given niche at particular time. Microbes represent richest diversity including members which may be cultured or cannot be cultured on defined media. Accurate identification and characterization of both culturable and unculturable microbes require employing diverse phenetic, molecular, and system biology tools. However, certain advanced molecular approaches not only unravel microbial diversity but also the microbial community structure and functions performed by specific group or genera of microbes. Molecular toolbox is instrumental in deciphering unculturable microbial diversity paving toward discovery of new genera or species. Molecular microbial ecology has increased our understanding of the role and phylogeny of several bacterial populations, their interdependencies, and functional networks with other genera/species. These include nucleic acid hybridization methods evolving to high throughput, automated, and versatile gene amplification and marker-assisted selection methods like RFLP, r-DNA profiling, nif H gene profiling, and FISH that aim to investigate community diversity using specific signature gene sequences. Today, brigade of novel techniques like single cell microecophysiology are available which can be useful for directly observing as well as quantifying the metabolic activities of microbes in their natural environment. These techniques would further enhance our understanding of relative contribution of various microbial groups to specific microbially catalyzed processes such as biogeochemical cycling (nitrogen fixation).

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  1. Electron Microscopy and Nanoscience Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India

    Anu Kalia & Vir R. Parshad

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  2. Vir R. Parshad
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Correspondence to Anu Kalia .

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  1. Department of Chemistry & Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Nagina Parmar

  2. Lystek International Inc., Cambridge, Ontario, Canada

    Ajay Singh

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Kalia, A., Parshad, V.R. (2014). Advanced Molecular and Microspectroscopy Toolbox for Deciphering Soil Diazotroph Diversity. In: Parmar, N., Singh, A. (eds) Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry. Soil Biology, vol 39. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41837-2_3

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