Abstract
The 2012 “Fortune 500” classification of the world’s largest companies includes 73 Chinese firms (32 for France and 68 for Japan), whereas there were none only 15 years ago. Meanwhile, Chinese firms are increasing their overseas operations with nearly $60 billion of foreign direct investment per year, on average since 2008, compared to less than $1 billion annually before 2000. Fifteen years ago, Chinese exports were mainly composed of primary products and goods with a low technological content. Today they are rapidly concentrating on products in the information industry. Research and development (R & D), which was totally lifeless in the early 1980s, has also experienced brisk development since the late 1990s: China is now the world’s second largest publisher of scientific journals and ninth in the number of patents filed in the United States in 2009.
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Notes
- 1.
http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2012/countries/China.html?iid=smlrr, consulted 31 August 2012.
- 2.
Royal Society, Knowledge, Networks and Nations: Global scientific collaboration in the 21st century, Royal Society Policy document, March 2011, 114 pp.
- 3.
The “iron rice bowl” refers to a system of lifetime employment, free housing and basic social protection which prevailed in State enterprises and municipalities.
- 4.
In Zhongguo Qiye Guanli Nianjian, (Directory of management of Chinese companies), Zhongguo Qiye Guanli Xiehui, Beijing, 1990, p. 305.
- 5.
Local governments were owners of companies in towns and counties, so their management was very largely privatised (Nee 1992).
- 6.
Zhongguo tongji nianjian (China Statistical Abstract), 1997.
- 7.
The Ministry of Science and Technology of the P. R. of China.
- 8.
Beijing, Shanghai and the province of Guangdong account for 40 % of the country’s R & D spending.
- 9.
Report by the Prime Minister at the opening session of the National People’s Congress, 7 March 2008.
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Huchet, JF. (2014). From Dirigisme to Realism: Chinese Industrial Policy in the Era of Globalisation. In: Richet, X., Delteil, V., Dieuaide, P. (eds) Strategies of Multinational Corporations and Social Regulations. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41369-8_4
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