Zusammenfassung
Soziale Konflikte bezeichnen das Erleben einer Unvereinbarkeit der Überzeugungen oder Interessen mindestens zweier Parteien und sämtliche Aktivitäten der Parteien, die sich aus der erlebten Unvereinbarkeit ergeben. Deskriptive Ansätze der Konfliktforschung versuchen, die Erscheinungsformen sozialer Konflikte systematisierend zu beschreiben. So kann beispielsweise mit Blick auf das Konfliktthema zwischen Aufgaben- und Beziehungskonflikten unterschieden werden. Erklärende Ansätze beschreiben den Zusammenhang zwischen Entstehungs- und Verlaufsbedingungen, Konfliktverhalten und Auswirkungen desselben. So postuliert das Dual-Concern-Modell, dass das Verhalten im Kontext sozialer Konflikte durch zwei Motive bestimmt werde: Selbstbehauptungsmotiv sowie Unterstützungs- oder Kooperationsmotiv. Präskriptive Ansätze formulieren Handlungsempfehlungen zur Konfliktvermeidung und -beilegung. Auf dieser präskriptiven Ebene lassen sich z. B. integrative und distributive Verhandlungstechniken erörtern.
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Solga, M. (2014). Konflikte in Organisationen. In: Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie. Springer-Lehrbuch. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41130-4_9
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