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Biomedical Inorganic Polymers pp 197–234Cite as

Biogenic Inorganic Polysilicates (Biosilica): Formation and Biomedical Applications

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Part of the book series: Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology ((PMSB,volume 54))

Abstract

The siliceous sponges, the demosponges and hexactinellid glass sponges, are unique in their ability to form biosilica structures with complex architectures through an enzyme-catalyzed mechanism. The biosilica skeleton of these sponges with its hierarchically structure and exceptional opto-mechanical properties has turned out to be an excellent model for the design of biomimetic nanomaterials with novel property combinations. In addition, biosilica shows morphogenetic activity that offers novel applications in the field of bone tissue engineering and repair. In recent years, much progress has been achieved towards the understanding of the principal enzymes, the silicateins that form the sponge skeletal elements, the spicules, and their self-assembling and structure-guiding properties. The discovery of the silicatein-interacting, scaffolding proteins provided new insights in the mechanism of spiculogenesis. The now available toolbox of enzymes and proteins that are involved in biosilica formation and the biosilica material synthesized by them are of great interest for a variety of applications from nanobiotechnology to nanomedicine.

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Acknowledgments

W.E.G.M. is a holder of an ERC Advanced Investigator grant (no. 268476 BIOSILICA) as well as of an ERC Proof-of-Concept grant (no. 324564; silica-based nanobiomedical approaches for treatment of bone diseases). This work was supported by grants from the European Commission (large-scale integrating project no. 311848, BlueGenics; project no. FP7-KBBE-2010-4-266033, SPECIAL; project no. PIRSES-GA-2009-246987, European-Chinese Research Staff Exchange Cluster MarBioTec*EU-CN*), the German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (International Bureau) (no. CHN 09/1AP – German-Chinese Joint Lab on Bio-Nano-Composites), the Public Welfare Project of Ministry of Land and Resources of the People’s Republic of China (grant no. 201011005-06), and the International S&T Cooperation Program of China (grant no. 2008DFA00980).

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  1. ERC Advanced Investigator Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany

    Heinz C. Schröder, Xiaohong Wang, Ute Schloßmacher, Matthias Wiens & Werner E. G. Müller

  2. NanotecMARIN GmbH, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany

    Heinz C. Schröder & Werner E. G. Müller

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  1. ERC Advanced Investigator Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany

    Werner E. G. Müller

  2. ERC Advanced Investigator Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany

    Xiaohong Wang

  3. ERC Advanced Investigator Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany

    Heinz C. Schröder

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Schröder, H.C., Wang, X., Schloßmacher, U., Wiens, M., Müller, W.E.G. (2013). Biogenic Inorganic Polysilicates (Biosilica): Formation and Biomedical Applications. In: Müller, W., Wang, X., Schröder, H. (eds) Biomedical Inorganic Polymers. Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology, vol 54. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41004-8_8

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