Abstract
This chapter examines the impacts of warm pool (WP) El Niño on the tropical cyclone (TC) genesis over the South China Sea (SCS) during 1965–2004. We check the relationships between WP El Niño and SCS TC genesis in Sept-Oct-Nov (SON) when the interannual variability of TC genesis is significant. Compared with the cold tongue (CT) El Niño, the relationship of TC genesis with WP El Niño is significant. In recent a couple of decades with more frequent WP El Niño, the significant coherent variations between TC genesis and WP NINO index on the timescales of approximately 4 years are displayed. The distinct different atmospheric teleconnection patterns related to CT and WP El Niño are responsible for these relationships. The WP El Niño could result in a dipolar pattern with anticyclone anomalies over the SCS and cyclone anomalies over the western tropical Pacific warm pool at low- and mid-level, which is different from the CT El Niño-induced anticyclone anomalies over the SCS and western tropical Pacific warm pool. These WP El Niño-related large-scale circulation anomalies could enlarge the low-level northerlies over the SCS, which consequently enhances the vertical wind shear and suppresses the TC genesis over the SCS.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ashok, K., Behera, S.K., Rao, S.A., Weng, H., Yamagata, T.: El Niño Modoki and its possible teleconnection. J. Geophys. Res. 112, C11007 (2007). doi:10.1029/2006JC003798
Camargo, S.J., Emanuel, K.A., Sobel, A.H.: Use of a genesis potential index to diagnose ENSO effects on tropical cyclone genesis. J. Climate 20, 4819–4834 (2007). doi:10.1175/JCLI4282.1
Chen, G., Tam, C.-Y.: Different impacts of two kinds of Pacific Ocean warming on tropical cyclone frequency over the western North Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett. 37, L01803 (2010). doi:10.1029/2009GL041708
Huang, Y., Li, C.-Y., Wang, Y.: Further study on the characteristics of frequency variation of tropical cyclones activity over western north pacific and the relationship with sea surface temperature. J. Trop. Meteorol. 25(3), 273–280 (2009) (in Chinese)
Kao, H.- Y., Yu, J.- Y.: Contrasting eastern‐Pacific and central-Pacific types of El Niño. J. Climate 22, 615–632 (2009). doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2309.1
Kim, H.M., Webster, P.J., Curry, J.A.: Impact of shifting patterns of Pacific Ocean warming on North Atlantic tropical cyclones. Science 325, 77–80 (2009). doi:10.1126/science.1174062
Kim, J.-H., Ho, C.‐H., Chu, P.‐S.:Dipolar redistribution of summertime tropical cyclone genesis between the Philippine Sea and the northern South China Sea and its possible mechanisms. J. Geophys. Res. 115, D06104 (2010). doi: 10.1029/2009JD012196
Kistler, R. et al.: The NCEP–NCAR 50-year reanalysis: monthly means CD-ROM and documentation. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 82, 247–267 (2001)
Kug, J.-S., Jin, F.-F., An, S.-I.: Two types of El Niño events: Cold tongue El Niño and warm pool El Niño. J. Climate 22, 1499–1515 (2009). doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2624.1
Lee, C.-S., Lin, Y.-L., Cheung, K.K.W.: Tropical cyclone formations in the South China Sea associated with the Mei-Yu Front. Mon. Wea. Rev. 134, 2670–2687 (2006)
Lee, T., McPhaden, M.J.: Increasing intensity of El Nino in the central-equatorial Pacific. Geophys. Res. Lett. 37, L14603 (2010). doi:10.1029/2010GL044007
Li, C.: Actions of typhoons over the western Pacific (including the South China Sea) and El Nino. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 5, 107–115 (1988)
Ren, H.-L., Jin, F.-F.: Niño indices for two types of ENSO. Geophys. Res. Lett. 38, L04704 (2011). doi:10.1029/2010GL046031
Wang, B., Chan, J.C.L.: How strong ENSO events affect tropical storm activity over the western North Pacific. J. Climate 15, 1643–1658 (2002)
Wang, C., Wang, X.: Classifying El Niño Modoki I and II by different impacts on rainfall in Southern China and typhoon tracks. J. Climate 26, 1322–1338 (2013)
Wang, G., Su, J., Ding, Y., Chen, D.: Tropical cyclone genesis over the South China Sea. J. Marine. Syst. 68, 318–326 (2007)
Weng, H., Behera, S.K., Yamagata, T.: Anomalous winter climate conditions in the Pacific Rim during recent El Niño Modoki and El Niño events. Climate Dyn. 32, 663–674 (2009). doi:10.1007/s00382-008-0394-6
Yeh, S.-W., Kug, J.-S., Dewitte, B., Kwon, M.-H., Kirtman, B.P., Jin, F–.F.: El Nino in a changing climate. Nature 461, 511–514 (2009). doi:10.1038/nature08316
Yu, J.-Y., Kao, H.-Y.: Decadal changes of ENSO persistence barrier in SST and ocean heat content indices: 1958–2001. J. Geophys. Res. 112, D13106 (2007). doi:10.1029/2006JD007654
Yu, J.-Y., Kim, S.T.: Three evolution patterns of Central-Pacific El Niño. Geophys. Res. Lett. 37, L08706 (2010). doi:10.1029/2010GL042810
Zuki, Z.M., Lupo, A.R.: Interannual variability of tropical cyclone activity in the southern South China Sea. J. Geophys. Res. 113, D06106 (2008). doi:10.1029/2007JD009218
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wang, D., Wang, X., Zhou, W., Li, C. (2014). Comparisons of Two Types of El Niño Impacts on TC Genesis over the South China Sea. In: Tang, D., Sui, G. (eds) Typhoon Impact and Crisis Management. Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research, vol 40. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40695-9_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40695-9_17
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-40694-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-40695-9
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)