Abstract
Infection secondary to human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. It has been estimated that the majority of individuals who engage in sexual activity become infected at some point in their lifetime (Baseman 2005). Considerable interest, partly related to their oncogenic potential, has resulted in major changes in the understanding of these viruses in recent years (Bravo 2010). HPVs are non-enveloped; virions are icosahedral with diameters of 50–55 nm (Fig. 19.1). The capsid contains two structural proteins: L1, the most abundant viral protein, and L2. The PV genome consists of a single molecule of circularized dsDNA (Zheng 2006). The open reading frames for all viral genes are located on only one of the DNA strands, and transcription proceeds in a single direction. There are eight early (E) open reading frames that encode for regulatory proteins that control viral metabolism and DNA synthesis. The E6 proteins of high-risk HPV types have antiapoptotic effects and interfere with p53 regulatory function in infected host cells (Howley 1990). Two late (L) reading frames encode for synthesis of the structural proteins L1 and L2.
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Fraire, A.E. (2014). Human Papillomavirus-Related Pulmonary Neoplasia. In: Fraire, A., Woda, B., Welsh, R., Kradin, R. (eds) Viruses and the Lung. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40605-8_19
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40605-8_19
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