Skip to main content

Operative Medizin: Hygienische Maßnahmen

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
  • 5358 Accesses

Part of the book series: Springer Reference Medizin ((SRM))

Zusammenfassung

Chirurgische Wundinfektionen gehören zu den häufigsten nosokomialen Infektionen überhaupt. In diesem Kapitel wird gezeigt, welche Maßnahmen zu ihrer Vermeidung geeignet sind. Diese gehen zum Teil weit über klassische Hygienemaßnahmen hinaus. Es wird aber auch dargelegt, dass viele traditionelle Maßnahmen entgegen landläufiger Meinung die Wundinfektrate nicht beeinflussen. Von herausragender Bedeutung bleibt die Händedesinfektion. Wir zeigen einen rationalen, umweltbewussten und wirtschaftlichen Umgang mit Antiseptika und Hygienemaßnahmen auf.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Literatur

  • Abboud CS, Wey SB, Baltar VT (2004) Risk factors for mediastinitis after cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 77:676–683

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alwitry A, Jackson E, Chen H, Holden R (2002) The use of surgical facemasks during cataract surgery: is it necessary? Br J Ophthalmol 86:975–977

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson DJ, Podgorny K, Berríos-Torres SI, Bratzler DW, Dellinger EP, Greene L, Nyquist AC, Saiman L, Yokoe DS, Maragakis LL, Kaye KS (2014) Strategies to prevent surgical site infections in acute care hospitals: 2014 update. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 35:605–627

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • AWMF (2014) S3 Leitlinie Vermeidung von perioperativer Hypothermie. Version 8 vom 30.04.2014 AWMF-Register Nr. 001/018. http://www.awmf.org. Zugegriffen am 18.05.2017

  • Baier PK, Glück NC, Baumgartner U, Adam U, Fischer A, Hopt UT (2010) Subcutaneous Redon drains do not reduce the incidence of surgical site infections after laparotomy. A randomized controlled trial on 200 patients. Int J Colorectal Dis 25:639–643

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berman M (2004) One hospital’s clinical evaluation of brushless scrubbing. AORN J 79(349–354):357–358

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernard AC, Davenport DL, Chang PK, Vaughan TB, Zwischenberger JB (2009) Intraoperative transfusion of 1 U to 2 U packed red blood cells is associated with increased 30-day mortality, surgical-site infection, pneumonia, and sepsis in general surgery patients. J Am Coll Surg 208:931–937

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bernhard L, Sadowski C, Monin D, Stern R, Wyssa B, Rohner P, Lew D, Hoffmeyer P, Groupe d’Etude sur l’Ostéite (2004) The value of bacterial culture during clean orthopedic surgery: a prospective study of 1036 patients. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 25:512–514

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bode LG, Kluytmans JA, Wertheim HF, Bogaers D, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM, Roosendaal R, Troelstra A, Box AT, Voss A, van der Tweel I, van Belkum A, Verbrugh HA, Vos MC (2010) Preventing surgical-site infections in nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus. N Engl J Med 362:9–17

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boyce JM, Pittet D (2002) Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care Settings: recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practice Advisory Committee and the HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hygiene Task Force. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 23(Suppl 12):3–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brandstrup B, Tønnesen H, Beier-Holgersen R, Hjortsø E, Ørding H, Lindorff-Larsen K, Rasmussen MS, Lanng C, Wallin L, Iversen LH, Gramkow CS, Okholm M, Blemmer T, Svendsen PE, Rottensten HH, Thage B, Riis J, Jeppesen IS, Teilum D, Christensen AM, Graungaard B, Pott F (2003) Effects of intravenous fluid restriction on postoperative complications: comparison of two perioperative fluid regimens: a randomized assessor-blinded multicenter trial. Ann Surg 238:641–648

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Canturk Z, Canturk NZ, Cetinarslan B, Utkan NZ, Tarkun I (2003) Nosocomial infections and obesitiy in surgical patients. Obes Res 11(6):769–775

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carter R (1990) Ritual and risk. Nurs Times 86:63–64

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cecconi M, Corredor C, Arulkumaran N, Abuella G, Ball J, Grounds RM, Hamilton M, Rhodes A (2013) Clinical review: goal-directed therapy – what is the evidence in surgical patients? The effect on different risk groups. Crit Care 17:209

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cerantola Y, Hübner M, Grass F, Demartines N, Schäfer M (2011) Immunonutrition in gastrointestinal surgery. Br J Surg 98:37–48

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chiu KY, Lau SK, Fung B, Ng KH, Chow SP (1993) Plastic adhesive drapes and wound infection after hip fracture surgery. ANZ J Surg 63:798–801

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chlebicki MP, Safdar N, O'Horo JC, Maki DG (2013) Preoperative chlorhexidine shower or bath for prevention of surgical site infection: a meta-analysis. Am J Infect Control 41:167–173

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cochrane DD, Kestle JR (2003) The influence of surgical operative experience on the duration of first ventriculoperitoneal shunt function and infection. Pediatr Neurosurg 38:295–301

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crolla RM, van der Laan L, Veen EJ, Hendriks Y, van Schendel C, Kluytmans J (2012) Reduction of surgical site infections after implementation of a bundle of care. PLoS One 7(9):e44599. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044599. Zugegriffen am 18.05.2017

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cruse PJE, Foord R (1980) The epidemiology of wound infection. A 10-year prospective study of 62,939 wounds. Surg Clin North Am 60:27–40

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Daoud FC, Edmiston CE, Leaper D (2014) Meta-analysis of prevention of surgical site infections following incision closure with triclosan-coated sutures: robustness to new evidence. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 15:165–181

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Darouiche RO, Wall MJ Jr, Itani KM, Otterson MF, Webb AL, Carrick MM, Miller HJ, Awad SS, Crosby CT, Mosier MC, Alsharif A, Berger DH (2010) Chlorhexidine-alcohol versus povidone-Iodine for surgical-site antisepsis. N Engl J Med 362:18–26

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Daschner F, Frank U (2004) Antibiotika am Krankenbett. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg/New York/Tokio, S 228–231

    Google Scholar 

  • Dellinger EP (1997) Surgical infections and choice of antibiotics. In: Sabiston DC (Hrsg) Textbook of surgery. The biological basis of modern surgical practice, 15. Aufl. Saunders, Philadelphia, S 264–280

    Google Scholar 

  • DGCh/DGAI (2016) Deutsche Gesellschaft für Chirurgie: Mitteilungen 2/2016

    Google Scholar 

  • Diener MK, Knebel P, Kieser M, Schüler P, Schiergens TS, Atanassov V, Neudecker J, Stein E, Thielemann H, Kunz R, von Frankenberg M, Schernikau U, Bunse J, Jansen-Winkeln B, Partecke LI, Prechtl G, Pochhammer J, Bouchard R, Hodina R, Beckurts KT, Leißner L, Lemmens HP, Kallinowski F, Thomusch O, Seehofer D, Simon T, Hyhlik-Dürr A, Seiler CM, Hackert T, Reissfelder C, Hennig R, Doerr-Harim C, Klose C, Ulrich A, Büchler MW (2014) Effectiveness of triclosan-coated PDS Plus versus uncoated PDS II sutures for prevention of surgical site infection after abdominal wall closure: the randomised controlled PROUD trial. Lancet 384(9938):142–152

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Drinkwater CJ, Neil MJ (1995) Optimal timing of wound drain removal following total joint arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 10:185–189

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards JP, Ho AL, Tee MC, Dixon E, Ball CG (2012) Wound protectors reduce surgical site infection: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ann Surg 256(1):53–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ehrenkranz NJ, Meakins JL (1992) Surgical infections. In: Bennett JV, Brachman PS (Hrsg) Hospital Infections, 3. Aufl. Little, Brown, Boston, S 685–710

    Google Scholar 

  • Garner JS (1993) The CDC hospital infection control practices advisory committee. Am J Infect Control 21:160–162

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gustafsson UO, Scott MJ, Schwenk W, Demartines N, Roulin D, Francis N, McNaught CE, MacFie J, Liberman AS, Soop M (2013) Guidelines for perioperative care in elective colonic surgery: enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS®) society recommendations. World J Surg 37:259–284

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hambraeus A, Bengtsson S, Laurell G (1978) Bacterial contamination in a modern operating suite. Effect of a zoning system on contamination of floors and other surfaces. J Hyg 80:57

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harbarth S, Sax H, Gastmeier P (2003) The preventable proportion of nosocomial infections: an overview of published reports. J Hosp Infect 54:258–266

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harrington G, Russo P, Spelman D, Borrell S, Watson K, Barr W, Martin R, Edmonds D, Cocks J, Greenbough J, Lowe J, Randle L, Castell J, Browne E, Bellis K, Aberline M (2004) Surgical-site infection rates and risk factor analysis in coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 25:472–476

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hauer T, Troidl H, Rüden H, Daschner F (2002) Reliable and unreliable health measures in surgery. Chirurg 73:375–379

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haynes AB, Weiser TG, Berry WR, Lipsitz SR, Breizat AH, Dellinger EP, Herbosa T, Joseph S, Kibatala PL, Lapitan MC, Merry AF, Moorthy K, Reznick RK, Taylor B, Gawande AA, Safe Surgery Saves Lives Study Group (2009) A surgical safety checklist to reduce morbidity and mortality in a global population. N Engl J Med 360:491–499

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hedderwick SA, McNeill SA, Lyons MJ, Kauffman CA (2000) Pathogenic organisms associated with artificial fingernails worn by healthcare workers. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 21:505–509

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hee HI, Lee S, Chia SN, Lu QS, Liew APQ, Ng A (2014) Bacterial contamination of surgical scrub suits worn outside the operating theatre: a randomised crossover study. Anaesthesia 69:816–825

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heiss MM, Mempel W, Jauch KW, Delanoff C, Mayer G, Mempel M, Eissner HJ, Schildberg FW (1993) Beneficial effect of autologous blood transfusion on infectious complications after colorectal cancer surgery. Lancet 342:1328

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herruzo-Cabrera R, Lopez-Gimenez R, Diez-Sebastian J et al (2004) Surgical site infection of 7301 traumatologic inpatients (divided in two sub-cohorts, study and validation): modifiable determinants and potential benefit. Eur J Epidemiol 19:163–169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hetem DJ, Bonten MJ (2013) Clinical relevance of mupirocin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. J Hosp Infect 85:249–256

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hu SS, Fontaine F, Kelly B, Bradford DS (1998) Nutritional depletion in staged spinal reconstructive surgery. The effect of total parenteral nutrition. Spine 23:1401–1405

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Humphreys H, Marshall RJ, Ricketts VE, Russell AJ, Reeves DS (1991a) Theatre over-shoes do not reduce operating theatre floor bacterial counts. J Hosp Infect 17:117–123

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Humphreys H, Russell AJ, Marshall RJ, Ricketts VE, Reeves DS (1991b) The effect of surgical theatre headgear on bacterial counts. J Hosp Infect 19:175–180

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson RS, Amdur RL, White JC, Macsata RA (2012) Hyperglycemia is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality after colectomy for cancer. J Am Coll Surg 214:68–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jamsen E, Nevalainen P, Kalliovalkama J, Moilanen T (2010) Preoperative hyperglycemia predicts infected total knee replacement. Eur J Intern Med 21:196–201

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jensel SL, Kristensen B, Fabrin K (1997) Double gloving as self protection in abdominal surgery. Eur J Surg 163:163–167

    Google Scholar 

  • Kappstein I, Matter H-P, Frank U, Meier L, Daschner F (1991) Hygienische und ökonomische Bedeutung von Schleusen im Krankenhaus. Die bauliche Umsetzung der Richtlinie des Bundesgesundheitsamtes. DMW 116(43):1622–1627

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kiran RP, Turina M, Hammel J, Fazio V (2013) The clinical significance of an elevated postoperative glucose value in nondiabetic patients after colorectal surgery: evidence for the need for tight glucose control? Ann Surg 258:599–604

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kjonniksen I, Andersen BM, Sondenaa VG, Segadal L (2002) Preoperative hair removal – a systematic literature review. AORN J 75:928–940

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knopf H-J (2000) Reduziert der Mund-Nasen-Schutz die Rate nosokomialer Infektionen nach transurethraler Prostataresektion? Hyg Med 25:19–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Kommission für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektionsprävention [KRINKO] (2007) Prävention postoperativer Infektionen im Operationsgebiet. Bundesgesundheitsbl – Gesundheitsforsch – Gesundheitsschutz 50:377–393

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kralj N, Beie M, Hofmann F (1999) Chirurgische Handschuhe – wie gut schützen sie vor Infektionen? Gesundheitswesen 61:398–403

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kurmann A, Peter M, Tschan F, Mühlemann K, Candinas D, Beldi G (2011) Adverse effect of noise in the operating theatre on surgical-site infection. Br J Surg 98:1021–1025

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kurz A, Sessler DI, Lenhardt R (1996) Perioperative normothermia to reduce the incidence of surgical-wound infectionand shorten hospitalization. Study of Wound Infection and Temperature Group. N Engl J Med 334:1209–1215

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laine T, Kaipia A, Santavirta J, Aarnio P (2004) Glove perforations in open and laparoscopic abdominal surgery: the feasibility of double gloving. Scand J Surg 93:73–76

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lanspa MJ, Dickerson J, Morris AH, Orme JF, Holmen J, Hirshberg EL (2014) Coefficient of glucose variation is independently associated with mortality in critically ill patients receiving intravenous insulin. Crit Care 18:R86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Larson E (1988) Guideline for use of topical antimicrobial agents. Am J Infect Control 16:253–266

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Larson E (1995) APIC guideline for handwashing and hand antisepsis in health care settings. Am J Infect Control 23:251–269

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Latham R, Lancaster AD, Covington JF, Pirolo JS, Thomas CS Jr (2001) The association of diabetes and glucose control with surgical-site infections among cardiothoracic surgery patients. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 22:607–612

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee AS, Macedo-Vinas M, Francois P et al (2011) Impact of combined low-level mupirocin and genotypic chlorhexidine resistance on persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage after decolonization therapy: a case–control study. Clin Infect Dis 52:1422–1430

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee AS, Cooper BS, Malhotra-Kumar S et al (2013) Comparison of strategies to reduce meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus rates in surgical patients: a controlled multicentre intervention trial. BMJ Open 3:e003126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lefèbvre A, Saliou P, Lucet JC, Mimoz O, Keita-Perse O, Grandbastien B, Bruyère F, Boisrenoult P, Lepelletier D, Aho-Glélé LS, French Study Group for the Preoperative Prevention of Surgical Site Infections (2015) Preoperative hair removal and surgical site infections: network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Hosp Infect 91:100–108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leslie K, Sessler DI (2003) Perioperative hypothermia in the high-risk surgical patient. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 17:485–498

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maki DG, Alvarado CJ, Hassemer CA, Zilz MA (1982) Relation of the inanimate hospital environment to endemic nosocomial infection. N Engl J Med 307:1562–1566

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mangram AJ, Horan TC, Pearson ML, Silver LC, Jarvis WR (1999) Guideline for prevention of surgical site infection, 1999. Hospital infection control practices advisory committee. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 20:247–280

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marik PE, Zaloga GP (2010) Immunonutrition in high-risk surgical patients: a systematic review and analysis of the literature. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 34:378–386

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marin-Bertolin S et al (1997) Does double gloving protect surgical staff from skin contamination during plastic surgery? Plast Reconstr Surg 99:956–969

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Melichercíková V, Urban J, Goroncy-Bermes P (2010) Residual effect of antiseptic substances on human skin. J Hosp Infect 75:238–239

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mills E, Eyawo O, Lockhart I (2011) Smoking cessation reduces postoperative complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Med 124:144–154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moller A, Villebro N, Pedersen T, Tonnesen H (2002) Effect of preoperative smoking intervention on postoperative complications: a randomised clinical trial. Lancet 12:114–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moylan JA, Fitzpatrick KT, Davenport KE (1987) Reducing wound infections. Improved gown and drape barrier performance. Arch Surg 122(2):152–157

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muilwijk J, van den Hof S, Wille JC (2007) Associations between surgical site infection risk and hospital operation volume and surgeon operation volume among hospitals in the Dutch nosocomial infection surveillance network. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 28:557–563

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neues C, Haas E (2000) Beeinflussung der postoperativen Wundheilung durch Duschen. Chirurg 71:234–236

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Noble WC (1975) Dispersal of skin microorganisms. Br J Dermatol 93:477–485

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Okabayashi T, Shima Y, Sumiyoshi T, Kozuki A, Tokumaru T, Iiyama T, Sugimoto T, Kobayashi M, Yokoyama M, Hanazaki K (2014) Intensive versus intermediate glucose control in surgical intensive care unit patients. Diabetes Care 37:1516–1524

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Okada N, Nakamura T, Ambo Y, Takada M, Nakamura F, Kishida A, Kashimura N (2014) Triclosan-coated abdominal closure sutures reduce the incidence of surgical site infections after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 15:305–309

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Passaro DJ, Waring L, Armstrong R, Bolding F, Bouvier B, Rosenberg J, Reingold AW, McQuitty M, Philpott SM, Jarvis WR, Werner SB, Tompkins LS, Vugia DJ (1997) Postoperative Serratia marcescens wound infections traced to an out-of-hospital source. J Infect Dis 174:992

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perl TM, Cullen JJ, Wenzel RP et al (2002) Intranasal mupirocin to prevent postoperative Staphylococcus aureus infections. N Engl J Med 346:1871–1877

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pessaux P, Msika S, Atalla D, Hay JM, Flamant Y, French Association for Surgical Research (2003) Risk factors for postoperative infectious complications in noncolorectal abdominal surgery: a multivaraite analysis based on a prospective multicenter study of 4718 patients. Arch Surg 138:314–324

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qadan M, Akca O, Mahid SS, Hornung CA, Polk HC (2009) Perioperative supplemental oxygen therapy and surgical site infection: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Surg 144:359–366

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richards JE, Kauffmann RM, Zuckerman SL, Obremskey WT, May AK (2012) Relationship of hyperglycemia and surgical-site infection in orthopaedic surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am 94:1181–1186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • RKI (2000) Mitteilung der Kommission für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektionsprävention am Robert Koch-Institut. Anforderungen der Hygiene bei Operationen und anderen invasiven Eingriffen. Bundesgesundheitsbl Gesundheitsforsch Gesundheitsschutz 43:644–648

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rohde JM, Dimcheff DE, Blumberg N, Saint S, Langa KM, Kuhn L, Hickner A, Rogers MA (2014) Health care-associated infection after red blood cell transfusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 311:1317–1326

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Romney MG (2001) Surgical face masks in the operating theatre: re-examining the evidence. J Hosp Infect 47:251–256

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosselló-Urgell J, Vaqué-Rafart J, Hermosilla-Pérez E, Allepuz-Palau A, EPINE Working Group (2004) An approach to the study of potentially preventable nosocomial infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 25(1):41–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scott JD, Forrest A, Feuerstein S, Fitzpatrick P, Schentag JJ (2001) Factors associated with postoperative infection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 22:347–351

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seal LA, Paul-Cheadle D (2004) A systems approach to preoperative surgical patient skin preparation. Am J Infect Control 32:57–62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seropian R, Reynolds BM (1971) Wound infections after preoperative depilatory versus razor preparation. Am J Surg 121:251–254

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sugiura T, Mizuno T, Okamura Y, Ito T, Yamamoto Y, Kawamura I, Kurai H, Uesaka K (2015) Impact of bacterial contamination of the abdominal cavity during pancreaticoduodenectomy on surgical-site infection. Br J Surg 102:1561–1566

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanner J, Parkinson H (2006) Double gloving to reduce surgical cross-infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, Issue 3. Review content assessed as up-to-date: 28 July 2009

    Google Scholar 

  • Taravella MJ, Weinberg A, May M, Stepp P (1999) Live virus survives excimer laser ablation. Ophthalmology 106:1498–1499

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tunevall TG (1991) Postoperative wound infections and surgical face masks: a conrolled study. World J Surg 15:383–388

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tuuli MG, Liu J, Stout MJ, Martin S, Cahill AG, Odibo AO, Colditz GA, Macones GA (2016) A randomized trial comparing skin antiseptic agents at cesarean delivery. N Engl J Med 374:647–655

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Umscheid CA, Mitchell MD, Doshi JA, Agarwal R, Williams K, Brennan PJ (2011) Estimating the proportion of healthcare-associated infections that are reasonably preventable and the related mortality and costs. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 32(2):101–114

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Urech D (2000) OP-Mäntel und OP-Abdeckmaterialien. Der neue harmonisierte europäische Standard – ein Update. Hyg Med 25:401–404

    Google Scholar 

  • Vamvakas EC, Carven JH (1998) Transfusion of white-cell-containing allogenic blood components and postoperative wound infection: effect of confounding factors. Transfus Med 8:29–36

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vamvakas EC, Carven JH, Hibberd PL (1996) Blood transfusion and infection after colorectal cancer surgery. Transfusion 36:1000

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang ZX, Jiang CP, Cao Y, Ding YT (2013) Systematic review and meta-analysis of triclosan-coated sutures for the prevention of surgical-site infection. Br J Surg 100:465–473

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Webster J, Osborne S (2012) Preoperative bathing or showering with skin antiseptics to prevent surgical site infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 9:CD004985

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson St J, Sexton DJ (2003) Elevated preoperative fasting serum glucose levels increase the risk of postoperative mediastinitis in patients undergoing open heart surgery. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 24:776–780

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wong PF, Kumar S, Bohra A, Whetter D, Leaper DJ (2007) Randomized clinical trial of perioperative systemic warming in major elective abdominal surgery. Br J Surg 94:421–426

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wong J, Lam DP, Abrishami A (2012) Short-term preoperative smoking cessation and postoperative complications: a systematic review and metaanalysis. J Can Anesth 59:268–279

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Woodhead K, Taylor EW, Bannister G, Chesworth T, Hoffman P, Humphreys H (2002) Bahaviours and rituals in the operating theatre. A report from the hospital infection society working party on infection control in operating theatres. J Hosp Infect 51:241–255

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stefan Utzolino .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Section Editor information

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer-Verlag GmbH Deutschland, ein Teil von Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Utzolino, S., Lemmen, S. (2018). Operative Medizin: Hygienische Maßnahmen. In: Dettenkofer, M., Frank, U., Just, HM., Lemmen, S., Scherrer, M. (eds) Praktische Krankenhaushygiene und Umweltschutz. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40600-3_24

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40600-3_24

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-40599-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-40600-3

  • eBook Packages: Medicine (German Language)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics