Abstract
Most of progressive mesh (PM) transmission techniques, consist in iteratively decimating the mesh, while storing the information necessary to the process inversion. During the transmission or visualization the 3D content can be duplicated and redistributed by a pirate. Digital watermarking is considered as a good solution to this emerging problem. This paper focus on introducing a novel robust and blind mesh watermarking schema by converting the original triangle mesh into a multi-resolution format, consisting of a coarse base mesh and a sequence of refinement, the watermark bits are inserted through progressive mesh level of details, and extracted at refinement stage without any need for the original model. The watermark insertion is performed only on set of marked vertices come out from Self Organization Maps (SOM) clustering neural network. These vertices are used as candidates for watermark carriers that will hold watermark bits through progressive mesh transmission. The robustness of proposed techniques is evaluated experimentally by simulating attacks such as mesh smoothing, noise addition and mesh cropping.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Shinichi, M., Y.: Watermarking for 3D Polygons Using Wavelet Transform and Modified Traveling Salesman Problem. Journal of the Operations Research Society of Japan 52(4), 402–416 (2009)
Kanai, S., Data, H., Kishinami, T.: Digital Watermarking for 3D Polygons Using Multiresolution Wavelet Decomposition. In: Proceedings of 6th IFIP WG 5.2 GEO-6, pp. 296–307 (1998)
Ohbuchi, R., Aono, M.: Watermarking Three-Dimensional Polygonal Models Through Geometric and Topological Modifications. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 16, 551–560 (1998)
Benedens, O.: Geometry-based watermarking of 3D models. IEEE Computers and Applications 19(1), 46–55 (1999)
Yeo, B., Yeung, M.M.: Watermarking 3D objects for verification. IEEE Computers and Applications 19(1), 36–45 (1999)
Ohbuchi, R., Masuda, H., Aono, M.: Watermarking Three Dimensional Polygonal Models Through Geometric and Topological Modifications. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 16(4), 551–560 (1998)
Ohbuchi, R., Masuda, H., Aono, M.: Data Embedding Algorithms for Geometrical and non-Geometrical Targets in Three-Dimensional Polygonal Models. Computer Communications 21(15), 1344–1354 (1998)
Cayre, F., Macq, B.: Data Hiding on 3-D Triangle Meshes. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing 51(4), 939–949 (2003)
Agarwal, P., Prabhakaran, B.: Robust Blind Watermarking Mechanism for Point Sampled Geometry. In: Proc. of the ACM Multimedia and Security Workshop, pp. 175–186 (2007)
Wang, Y.P., Hu, M.: A New Watermarking Method for 3D Models Based on Integral Invariants. IEEE Trans. on Visualization and Computer Graphics 15(2), 285–294 (2009)
Valette, S., Prost, R.: Wavelet-Based Multiresolution Analysis of Irregular Surface Meshes. IEEE Trans. on Visualization and Computer Graphics 10(2) (2004)
Praun, E., Hoppe, H., Finkelstein, A.: Robust Mesh Watermarking. In: SIGGRAPH Proceedings, pp. 69–76 (1999)
Kanai, S., Date, H., Kishinami, T.: Digital Watermarking for 3D Polygons Using Multi-Resolution Wavelet Decomposition. In: Proceedings of the Sixth IFIP WG 5.2 International Workshop on Geometric Modeling: Fundamentals and Applications (GEO-6), Japan, pp. 296–307 (1998)
Yin, K.K., Pan, Z.G., Shi, J.Y., Zhang, D.: Robust Mesh Watermarking Based on Multiresolution Processing. Computers & Graphics 25(3), 409–420 (2001)
Guskov, I., Sweldens, W., Shroder, P.: Multiresolution Signal Processing for Meshes. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 1999, pp. 49–56 (1999)
Ohbuchi, R., Takahashi, S., Miyazawa, T., Mukaiyama, A.: Watermarking 3D Polygonal Meshes in the Mesh Spectral Domain. In: Proceedings of the Graphics Interface, Canada, pp. 9–17 (2001)
Ohbuchi, R., Takahashi, S.: A frequency Domain Approach to Watermarking 3D Shapes. In: EUROGRAPHICS, Saarbrucken, Germany, vol. 21(3), pp. 2–6 (2002)
Hoppe, H.: Progressive Mesh. ACM SIGGRAPH 96, 99–108 (1996)
Soliman, M.M., Ella Hassanien, A., Onsi, H.M.: Robust Watermarking Approach for 3D Triangular Mesh using Self Organization Map. Submitted in Federated Confrence on Computer Science and Information System, Krakw, Poland (September 2013)
Lee, H., Dikici, C., Lavoué, G., Dupont, F.: Joint Reversible Watermarking and Progressive Compression of 3D Meshes. Visual Computer 27(6-8), 781–792 (2011)
Pajarola, R., Rossignac, J.: Compressed Progressive Meshes. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 6(1), 79–93 (2000)
Taubin, G., Gueziec, A., Horn, W., Lazarus, F.: Progressive Forest Split Compression. In: ACM SIGGRAPH, pp. 123–132 (1998)
Peng, J., Kuo, Y., Eckstein, I., Gopi, M.: Feature Oriented Progressive Lossless Mesh Coding. Computer Graphics Forum 29(7), 2029–2038 (2010)
Valette, S., Chaine, R., Prost, R.: Progressive Lossless Mesh Compression via Incremental Parametric Refinement. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Geometry Processing, vol. 28, pp. 1301–1310 (2009)
Hung-Kuang, C., Yung-Hung, C.: Progressive Watermarking on 3D Meshes. In: IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB), pp. 1–7 (2010)
Guthikonda, S.M.: Kohonen Self-Organizing Maps (2005)
Rojas, R.: Neural Networks A Systematic Introduction, A book Foreword by Jerome Feldman (502 p. 350 illustrations). Springer, Berlin (1996)
Cho, J.W., Prost, R., Jung, H.Y.: An Oblivious Watermarking for 3-D Polygonal Meshes Using Distribution of Vertex Norms. IEEE Transaction on Signal Processing 55(1), 144–152 (2005), doi:10.1007/11551492-24
Richard, M.C.: An incremental learning system based on features derived using fast Gabor transforms for the identification of textural objects. In: Proceedings of SPIE, Vision Geometry X, International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, San Diego, California, USA, vol. 4476, pp. 109–119 (2001)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Soliman, M.M., Hassanien, A.E., Onsi, H.M. (2013). A Blind Robust 3D-Watermarking Scheme Based on Progressive Mesh and Self Organization Maps. In: Awad, A.I., Hassanien, A.E., Baba, K. (eds) Advances in Security of Information and Communication Networks. SecNet 2013. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 381. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40597-6_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40597-6_11
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-40596-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-40597-6
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)