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Postoperative Critical Care for Cardiac Surgical Patients pp 313–383Cite as

Fluid Management and Electrolyte Balance

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Abstract

Cardiac surgery is responsible for profound modification in body water distribution, electrolyte plasma concentration, and acid–base balance. Maintaining fluid, electrolyte, and acid–base balance it must be taken into account the alterations due to anaesthesia, the effects of cardiac surgery together with patient’s comorbidities and physiological response to the surgical stress. However the ideal approach to perioperative fluid management in cardiac surgery is still debated. The debate involves the kind of fluid to use (crystalloids vs colloids, colloid vs colloid, balanced vs unbalance solutions) and the amount of fluid to administer (liberal vs restrictive). The goal-directed therapy seems to be the best choice to guide the quantity of fluid infused, potentially impacting on outcomes. Electrolytes are always modified after cardiac surgery. With respect to the past, the benefit of their administration (in particular calcium) has been discussed in literature. In this chapter, the basis of fluid and electrolyte management in cardiac surgery patient is explained, through understanding physiology and pathophysiology.

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  1. Anesthesia, Department of Intensive Care and Pain Management, Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via A. Del Portillo, 200 00128, Rome, Italy

    Felice Eugenio Agrò MD, Marialuisa Vennari MD & Maria Benedetto MD

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  1. Felice Eugenio Agrò MD
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  2. Marialuisa Vennari MD
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  3. Maria Benedetto MD
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Correspondence to Felice Eugenio Agrò MD .

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  1. Dept. Anesthesiol. & Anesthesiol. Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Ali Dabbagh

  2. Heart Transplant and Mechanical Circulatory Support, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Fardad Esmailian

  3. Divisions of Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Sary F. Aranki

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Agrò, F.E., Vennari, M., Benedetto, M. (2014). Fluid Management and Electrolyte Balance. In: Dabbagh, A., Esmailian, F., Aranki, S. (eds) Postoperative Critical Care for Cardiac Surgical Patients. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40418-4_13

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