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Postoperative Considerations of Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Adult Cardiac Surgery

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Book cover Postoperative Critical Care for Cardiac Surgical Patients

Abstract

Development of the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) technology in the second half of the twentieth century was one of the most important medical events and was responsible of cardiac surgery basis and provided the condition to operate on a completely motionless, bloodless heart. It fulfills the role of the heart (and lungs) by preserving the systemic circulation. Since the first initial machine, evolution from cross-sectional technique till to minimal extracorporeal circulation continues. From there CPB has been the main part of heart surgery. As improved knowledge in pathophysiology of cardiopulmonary machine effects, efforts led to make new extracorporeal technology. Although it simplifies cardiac surgery, CPB by itself induces a systemic inflammatory response syndrome, mostly due to blood contact with artificial surfaces. It causes activation of coagulation, fibrinolytic cascade, complement, leukocyte, upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, and production of oxygen free radicals and alters nitric oxide metabolism. Nearly all organs can be affected by these changes. The first section describes the parts of cardiopulmonary machine. The issues of most organs involvement during CPB are addressed in the second section.

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    Mahnoosh Foroughi MD

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  1. Dept. Anesthesiol. & Anesthesiol. Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Ali Dabbagh

  2. Heart Transplant and Mechanical Circulatory Support, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Fardad Esmailian

  3. Divisions of Cardiac Surgery, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

    Sary F. Aranki

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© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Foroughi, M. (2014). Postoperative Considerations of Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Adult Cardiac Surgery. In: Dabbagh, A., Esmailian, F., Aranki, S. (eds) Postoperative Critical Care for Cardiac Surgical Patients. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40418-4_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40418-4_12

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-40417-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-40418-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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