Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

International Workshop on Lightweight Cryptography for Security and Privacy

LightSec 2013: Lightweight Cryptography for Security and Privacy pp 1–15Cite as

A Lightweight ATmega-Based Application-Specific Instruction-Set Processor for Elliptic Curve Cryptography

  • Conference paper

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNSC,volume 8162))

Abstract

It is inevitable that future Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) technology must support complex protocols and public-key cryptography. In this paper, we present an Application-Specific Instruction-Set Processor (ASIP) based on a clone of the ATmega128 microprocessor. A leakage-resilient, constant-runtime, and assembly-optimized software implementation of an elliptic curve point multiplication, which outperforms related work, requires 9,230–34,928 kCycles or 681–2,576 ms for standard conform elliptic curves (secp160r1, secp192r1, secp224r1, and secp256r1). Because this is too slow for most applications, the microprocessor has been equipped with a multiply-accumulate and a bit-serial instruction-set extension. Therefore, the runtime has been reduced to practically usable 96–248 ms, while keeping the power below 1.1 mW, and the area consumption between 19–27 kGE.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   49.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Bernstein, D.J., Birkner, P., Joye, M., Lange, T., Peters, C.: Twisted Edwards Curves. In: Vaudenay, S. (ed.) AFRICACRYPT 2008. LNCS, vol. 5023, pp. 389–405. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  2. Certicom Research. Standards for Efficient Cryptography, SEC 2: Recommended Elliptic Curve Domain Parameters, Version 1.0 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Comba, P.: Exponentiation cryptosystems on the IBM PC. IBM Systems Journal 29(4), 526–538 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Coron, J.-S.: Resistance against Differential Power Analysis for Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems. In: Koç, Ç.K., Paar, C. (eds.) CHES 1999. LNCS, vol. 1717, pp. 292–302. Springer, Heidelberg (1999)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  5. Eberle, H., Wander, A., Gura, N., Chang-Shantz, S., Gupta, V.: Architectural Extensions for Elliptic Curve Cryptography over GF(2m) on 8-bit Microprocessors. In: International Conference on Application-specific Systems, Architectures and Processors, pp. 343–349. IEEE Computer Society (July 2005)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Fürbass, F., Wolkerstorfer, J.: ECC Processor with Low Die Size for RFID Applications. In: Proceedings of 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. IEEE (May 2007)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Gallant, R.P., Lambert, R.J., Vanstone, S.A.: Faster Point Multiplication on Elliptic Curves with Efficient Endomorphisms. In: Kilian, J. (ed.) CRYPTO 2001. LNCS, vol. 2139, pp. 190–200. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  8. Großschädl, J., Savaş, E.: Instruction Set Extensions for Fast Arithmetic in Finite Fields GF(p) and GF(2m). In: Joye, M., Quisquater, J.-J. (eds.) CHES 2004. LNCS, vol. 3156, pp. 133–147. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. Gura, N., Patel, A., Wander, A., Eberle, H., Shantz, S.C.: Comparing Elliptic Curve Cryptography and RSA on 8-bit CPUs. In: Joye, M., Quisquater, J.-J. (eds.) CHES 2004. LNCS, vol. 3156, pp. 119–132. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  10. Hutter, M., Feldhofer, M., Plos, T.: An ECDSA Processor for RFID Authentication. In: Ors Yalcin, S.B. (ed.) RFIDSec 2010. LNCS, vol. 6370, pp. 189–202. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  11. Hutter, M., Joye, M., Sierra, Y.: Memory-Constrained Implementations of Elliptic Curve Cryptography in Co-Z Coordinate Representation. In: Nitaj, A., Pointcheval, D. (eds.) AFRICACRYPT 2011. LNCS, vol. 6737, pp. 170–187. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  12. Hutter, M., Wenger, E.: Fast Multi-precision Multiplication for Public-Key Cryptography on Embedded Microprocessors. In: Preneel, B., Takagi, T. (eds.) CHES 2011. LNCS, vol. 6917, pp. 459–474. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  13. International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ISO/IEC 14443-3: Identification Cards - Contactless Integrated Circuit(s) Cards - Proximity Cards - Part3: Initialization and Anticollision (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Koschuch, M., Lechner, J., Weitzer, A., Großschädl, J., Szekely, A., Tillich, S., Wolkerstorfer, J.: Hardware/Software Co-design of Elliptic Curve Cryptography on an 8051 Microcontroller. In: Goubin, L., Matsui, M. (eds.) CHES 2006. LNCS, vol. 4249, pp. 430–444. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  15. Kumar, S., Paar, C.: Reconfigurable Instruction Set Extension for Enabling ECC on an 8-Bit Processor. In: Becker, J., Platzner, M., Vernalde, S. (eds.) FPL 2004. LNCS, vol. 3203, pp. 586–595. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  16. Liu, A., Ning, P.: TinyECC: A Configurable Library for Elliptic Curve Cryptography in Wireless Sensor Networks. In: International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, pp. 245–256 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  17. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). FIPS-186-3: Digital Signature Standard, DSS (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Satoh, A., Takano, K.: A Scalable Dual-Field Elliptic Curve Cryptographic Processor. IEEE Transactions on Computers 52, 449–460 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Szczechowiak, P., Oliveira, L.B., Scott, M., Collier, M., Dahab, R.: NanoECC: Testing the Limits of Elliptic Curve Cryptography in Sensor Networks. In: Verdone, R. (ed.) EWSN 2008. LNCS, vol. 4913, pp. 305–320. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  20. Vaudenay, S.: On Privacy Models for RFID. In: Kurosawa, K. (ed.) ASIACRYPT 2007. LNCS, vol. 4833, pp. 68–87. Springer, Heidelberg (2007)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  21. Wenger, E., Baier, T., Feichtner, J.: JAAVR: Introducing the Next Generation of Security-Enabled RFID Tags. In: DSD, pp. 640–647 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Wenger, E., Feldhofer, M., Felber, N.: Low-Resource Hardware Design of an Elliptic Curve Processor for Contactless Devices. In: Chung, Y., Yung, M. (eds.) WISA 2010. LNCS, vol. 6513, pp. 92–106. Springer, Heidelberg (2011)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Applied Information Processing and Communications, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 16a, 8010, Graz, Austria

    Erich Wenger

Authors
  1. Erich Wenger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Université catholique de Louvain, Place Sainte Barbe 2, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium

    Gildas Avoine

  2. National Research Institute of Electronics and Cryptology, TÜBİTAK BİLGEM UEKAE, 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey

    Orhun Kara

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Wenger, E. (2013). A Lightweight ATmega-Based Application-Specific Instruction-Set Processor for Elliptic Curve Cryptography. In: Avoine, G., Kara, O. (eds) Lightweight Cryptography for Security and Privacy. LightSec 2013. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 8162. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40392-7_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40392-7_1

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-40391-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-40392-7

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation