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Neuroimaging Studies of Psychopathy

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Abstract

In recent years, an increasing number of neuroimaging studies have sought to identify the brain anomalies associated with psychopathy. The results of such studies could have significant implications for the clinical and legal management of psychopaths, as well as for neurobiological models of human social behavior. In this chapter we provide a critical review of structural and functional neuroimaging studies of psychopathy. In particular, we emphasize the considerable variability in results across studies and focus our discussion on three methodological issues that could contribute to the observed heterogeneity in study data: (1) the use of between-group analyses (i.e., psychopaths vs. non-psychopaths) as well as correlational analyses (i.e., normal variation in “psychopathic” traits), (2) discrepancies in the criteria used to classify subjects as psychopaths, and (3) consideration of psychopathic subtypes. The available evidence suggests that each of these issues could have a substantial effect on the reliability of imaging data. We propose several strategies for resolving these methodological issues in future studies, with the goal of fostering further progress in the identification of the neural correlates of psychopathy.

This chapter reproduces portions of the previously published article:

Koenigs M, Baskin-Sommers A, Zeier J, and Newman J. (2011) Investigating the neural correlates of psychopathy: A critical review. Molecular Psychiatry, 16, 792–799.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Note that the data entered into such correlational analyses may be overall psychopathy scores (Glenn et al. 2009) or scores on a particular dimension or “factor” of psychopathy, such as antisocial impulsivity (Buckholtz et al. 2010) or the interpersonal factor (Glenn et al. 2009). Differences in the exact “psychopathic” traits being analyzed may also contribute to heterogeneity of results regarding the neural correlates of psychopathy.

  2. 2.

    These PCL-R cutoff scores were developed with North American subject samples. A slightly lower psychopathy cutoff score (e.g., 28) may be appropriate for European samples (44).

  3. 3.

    In addition to proposing dysfunction in areas preferentially involved in affective processing, Kiehl’s “paralimbic hypothesis” also proposes dysfunction in spatially distributed areas involved in language and attentional orienting.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI, 53719, USA

    Maia Pujara & Michael Koenigs

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  1. Maia Pujara
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  2. Michael Koenigs
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Correspondence to Michael Koenigs .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Rudi A.J.O. Dierckx

  2. Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Applied Sciences Offenburg, Offenburg, Germany

    Andreas Otte

  3. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Erik F. J. de Vries

  4. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Aren van Waarde

  5. Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands

    Johan A. den Boer

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Pujara, M., Koenigs, M. (2014). Neuroimaging Studies of Psychopathy. In: Dierckx, R., Otte, A., de Vries, E., van Waarde, A., den Boer, J. (eds) PET and SPECT in Psychiatry. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40384-2_28

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