Abstract
Modulation of intracellular calcium concentration is a ubiquitous signaling system involved in numerous biological processes in diverse cell types. Alterations of intracellular calcium homeostasis have been implicated in age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, and spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors (IP3Rs), calcium release channels in the ER membrane, play a key role in regulating intracellular calcium concentration. IP3R type 1 (IP3R1), a major neuronal type of IR3R, is expressed ubiquitously and is involved in diverse biological processes. Cerebellar Purkinje cells are mainly affected by alterations in IP3R1. Heterozygous deletion or missense mutations in ITPR1, the IP3R1 gene, result in autosomal dominantly inherited ataxias, including SCA type 15 or 29. In addition, mutations in carbonic anhydrase-related protein VIII, which suppresses the binding ability of IP3 to IP3R1, cause recessively, inherited ataxia. These results indicate that IP3R1-mediated calcium signaling has an important role in maintaining the function of Purkinje cells. Moreover, cytosolic calcium overload with excessive IP3R1 activity has been implicated in pathogenesis of other neurodegenerative diseases, including SCA type 2, SCA type 3, Huntington’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease, where dysregulation of IP3R1-mediated calcium signaling may link to the pathogenesis.
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Abbreviations
- AD:
-
Alzheimer’s disease
- Aβ:
-
Amyloid β
- AMPA:
-
α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid
- ATXN2:
-
Ataxin-2
- ATXN3:
-
Ataxin-3
- CAMRQ3:
-
Cerebellar ataxia and mental retardation with or without quadrupedal locomotion 3
- CARP:
-
Carbonic anhydrase-related protein VIII
- ER:
-
Endoplasmic reticulum
- HAP1:
-
Htt-associated protein1
- HD:
-
Huntington’s disease
- Htt:
-
Huntingtin
- mHtt:
-
Mutant huntingtin
- IP3 :
-
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
- IP3R:
-
IP3 receptor
- IP3R1:
-
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1
- LTD:
-
Long-term depression
- mGluR:
-
Metabotropic glutamate receptors
- MSN:
-
Medium spiny neuron
- nAChR:
-
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
- NCX:
-
Sodium-calcium exchanger
- NMDA:
-
N-methyl-d-aspartic acid
- PMCA:
-
Plasma membrane calcium ATPase
- PS:
-
Presenilin
- RyR:
-
Ryanodine receptor
- SCA:
-
Spinocerebellar ataxia
- SERCA:
-
Sarco-/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase
- SUMF1:
-
Sulfatase modifying factor 1
- VGCC:
-
Voltage-gated calcium channel
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Acknowledgments
This study was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas (C) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan, and a Grant-in-Aid for the Research Committee for Ataxic Diseases from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Japan.
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Tada, M., Nishizawa, M., Onodera, O. (2014). IP3 Receptors in Neurodegenerative Disorders: Spinocerebellar Ataxias and Huntington’s and Alzheimer’s Diseases. In: Weiss, N., Koschak, A. (eds) Pathologies of Calcium Channels. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40282-1_28
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