Abstract
This chapter focuses on the general aspects of electrodialysis, presenting a historical background of the process and the technical principles. The electrodialysis stack design is introduced by discussing membranes, spacers and electrodes. Problems associated to fouling and scaling are presented. The phenomena known as fouling and scaling, which occur in membranes, can be avoided by applying the electrodialysis reversal. The basic concepts of electrodialysis reversal are presented. The efficiency of water and wastewater treatment by electrodialysis is evaluated through the calculation of percentage extraction and current efficiency. The total costs in electrodialysis are the sum of fixed costs associated with the amortization of the plant capital costs and the plant’s operating costs, which are discussed at the end of this chapter.
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Moura Bernardes, A., Rodrigues, M.A.S., Ferreira, J.Z. (2014). General Aspects of Electrodialysis. In: Moura Bernardes, A., Siqueira Rodrigues, M., Zoppas Ferreira, J. (eds) Electrodialysis and Water Reuse. Topics in Mining, Metallurgy and Materials Engineering. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40249-4_3
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