Abstract
Avoidance of discussions of sex and gender in medicine reflects the larger lingering societal discomfort with any discussion that links potential sex and gender differences with superiority. The data show that there is more intra-sexual then intersexual variation in men and women. When speaking about sex and gender the literature reflects that, on average, there are many differences, and although they are small, that when taken together, the impact may be quite robust. Sex and gender differences are relevant to how individuals, couples, and families experience and cope with serious illness; however, these important and obvious variables are seldom taken into account when counseling seriously ill patients and their families. Cancer is a complex disease that brings into sharp relief the potential alignments and misalignments in the sexes. In this chapter we have attempted to communicate the imperative for and importance of understanding people under stress within the context of sex and gender. Gender-specific medicine is a very young movement for scientific study but one that has great potential to maximize adaptation and mutual respect at a time when men and women are redefining themselves and adapting to new social realities and challenges.
Sex does matter. It matters in ways that we did not expect. Undoubtedly, it also matters in ways that we have not begun to imagine. Mary-Lou Pardue, IOM 2001, p X
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Aliprantis D, Dunne T, Fee K (2011) The growing difference in college attainment between women and men. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. http://www.clevelandfed.org/research/commentary/2011/2011-21.cfm. Accessed 28 Sept 2012
Baider L, Ever-Hadani P, Goldzweig G et al (2003) Is perceived family support a relevant variable in psychological distress? A sample of prostate and breast cancer couples. J Psychos Res 55:453–460
Becker JB, Berkley KJ, Geary N et al (2008) Sex differences in the brain: from genes to behavior. Oxford University Press, New York
Bureau of Labor Statistics (2011) Women in the labor force. Available at http://www.bls.gov/cps/wlf-table1-2011.pdf Accessed 1 Oct 2004
Buss DM (1995) Psychological sex differences: Origins through sexual selection. The Am Psychol 50:164–168
Buss DM (2011) Evolutionary psychology: the new science of the mind, 4th edn. Allyn and Bacon, Needham Heights
Buss DM, Schmitt DP (2011) Evolutionary psychology and feminism. Sex Roles 64:768–787
Calleja-Agius J, Mallia P, Sapiano K et al (2012) A review of the management of intersex Neonatal Netw 31:97–103
Curry C, Cossich T, Matthews JP et al (2002) Uptake of psychosocial referrals in an outpatient cancer setting: improving service accessibility via the referral process. Support Care Cancer 10:549–555
Ezer H, Rigol Chachamovich JL, Chachamovich E (2011) Do men and their wives see it the same way? Congruence within couples during the first year of prostate cancer. Psychooncology 20:155–164
Fergus KD, Gray RE (2009) Relationship vulnerabilities during breast cancer: patient and partner perspectives. Psychooncology 18:1311–1322
Hagedoorn M, Sanderman R, Buunk BP et al (2002) Failing in spousal caregiving: the ‘identity-relevant stress’ hypothesis to explain sex differences in caregiver distress. Br J Health Psychol 7:481–494
Hagedoorn M, Sanderman R, Bolks HN et al (2008) Distress in couples coping with cancer: a meta-analysis and critical review of role and gender effects. Psychol Bull 134:1–30
Haier JR, Jung RE, Yeo RA et al (2005) The neuroanatomy of general intelligence: sex matters. NeuroImage 25:320–327
Halpern DF (2000) Sex differences in cognitive abilities, 3rd edn. Erlbaum, New Jersey
Institute of Medicine (2001) Exploring the biological contributions of human health: does sex matter?. National Academy Press, Washington, DC
Kahneman D (2011) Thinking fast and slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York
Kim Y, Loscalzo M, Wellisch D et al (2006) Gender differences in caregiving stress among caregivers of cancer survivors. Psychooncology 15:1086–1092
Kim Y, Baker F, Spillers RL (2007) Cancer caregivers’ quality of life: effects of gender, relationship, and appraisal. J Pain Symp Manage 34:294–304
Lee PA, Houk CP, Ahmed FS et al (2006) Consensus statement on management of intersex disorders. Pediatrics 118:488–500
Legato MJ (2008) Why men die first. Palgrave MacMillan, New York
Lewis MA, McBride CM, Pollak KI et al (2006) Understanding health behavior change amnion couples: an interdependence and communal coping approach. Soc Sci Med 62:1369–1380
Loscalzo MJ, Kim Y, Clark K (2010) Gender and Caregiving. In: Holland J (ed) Psycho-oncology 2nd edn. Oxford, New York
Matthews BA (2003) Role and gender differences in cancer-related distress: a comparison of survivor and caregiver self-reports. Oncol Nurs Forum 30:493–499
Merckaert I, Libert Y, Messin S et al (2010) Cancer patients’ desire for psychological support: prevalence and implications for screening patients’ psychological needs. Psychooncology 19:141–149
National Center for Health Statistics. Health, United States (2012) With Special Feature on Socioeconomic Status and Health. Hyattsville, Maryland
Pistrang N, Barker C (1995) The partner relationship in psychological response to breast cancer. Soc Sci Med 40:789–797
Resnick S, Driscoll I (2008) Sex differences in brain aging and Alzheimer’s disorders. In: Becker JB et al (ed) Sex differences in the brain: from genes to behavior. Oxford University Press, New York
Rosen TS, Bateman D (2004) The role of gender in neonatology. In: Legato M (ed) Gender-specific medicine. Elsevier Academic Press, London
Silverman I, Choi J, Peters M (2007) The hunter-gatherer theory of sex differences in spatial abilities: data from 40 countries. Arch Sex Behav 36:261–268
Stanton AL (2010) Positive consequences of the experience of cancer: perceptions of growth and meaning. In: Holland J (ed) Psycho-oncology, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press, New York
Taylor SE, Klein LC, Lewis BP et al (2000) Biobehavioral responses in stress in females: tend and-befriend, not fight-or-flight. Psychol Rev 107:411–429
Vandermassen G (2005) Whos afraid of charles darwin? Debating feminism and evolutionary theory. Rowman and Littlefield, Maryland
World Health Organization (1998) Gender and Health: Technical Paper. Geneva
Zabora J, Brintzenhofeszoc K, Curbow B et al (2001) The prevalence of psychological distress by cancer site. Psychooncology 10:19–28
Zaider TI, Kissane DW (2010) Psychosocial interventions for couples and families coping with cancer. In: Holland J (ed) Psycho-oncology, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press, New York
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Loscalzo, M., Clark, K. (2014). Gender Opportunities in Psychosocial Oncology. In: Goerling, U. (eds) Psycho-Oncology. Recent Results in Cancer Research, vol 197. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40187-9_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40187-9_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-40186-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-40187-9
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)