Skip to main content

Preparing the Soil: Practical Cellular Biochemistry for Regenerative Medicine

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Platelet-Rich Plasma

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Bioengineering ((LNBE))

Abstract

This paper represents a review of current cell physiology and biochemistry principles to optimize DNA protein synthesis and regenerative cellular functions. Supplementation with specific anabolic and metabolic substrates can augment the effects of platelet growth factors and the repair of all tissues.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Angerer P, Kothny W, Störk S, von Schacky C (2002) Effect of dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids on progression of atherosclerosis in carotid arteries. Cardiovasc Res 54(1):183–190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Araujo AB, Dixon JM, Suarez EA, Murad MH, Guey LT, Wittert GA (2011) Clinical review: endogenous testosterone and mortality in men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 96(10):3007–3019

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ashcroft GS, Mills SJ, Lei K, Gibbons L, Jeong MJ, Taniguchi M, Burow M, Horan MA, Wahl SM, Nakayama T (2003) Estrogen modulates cutaneous wound healing by downregulating macrophage migration inhibitory factor. J Clin Invest 111(9):1309–1318

    Google Scholar 

  • Bonaccorsi L, Marchiani S, Ferruzzi P, Muratori M, Crescioli C, Forti G, Maggi M, Baldi E (2006) Non-genomic effects of the androgen receptor and vitamin D agonist are involved in suppressing invasive phenotype of prostate cancer cells. Steroids 71(4):304–309

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown AJ, Dusso A, Slatopolsky E (1999) Vitamin D, invited review. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 277:F157–F175

    Google Scholar 

  • Cancela ML, Conceição N, Laizé V (2012) Gla-rich protein, a new player in tissue calcification? Adv Nutr 3(2):174–181

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen X, Deng Y, Zhou Z, Tao Q, Zhu J, Li X, Chen J, Hou J (2012) 17β-estradiol combined with testosterone promotes chicken osteoblast proliferation and differentiation by accelerating the cell cycle and inhibiting apoptosis in vitro. Vet Res Commun 34(2):143–152

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Choi HJ, Hyunan J, Kim SW, Park KS, Jang HC, Kim SY, Shin CS (2011) Vitamin K2 supplementation improves insulin sensitivity via osteocalcin metabolism: a placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Care 34(9):e147

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cordero J, Cozzolino M, Lu Y, Vidal M, Slatopolsky E, Stahl PD, Barbieri MA, Dusso A (2002) 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D down-regulates cell membrane growth and nuclear growth-promoting signals by the epidermal growth factor receptor. J Biol Chem 277(41):38965–38971

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cranenburg EC, Vermeer C, Koos R, Boumans ML, Hackeng TM, Bouwman FG, Kwaijtaal M, Brandenburg VM, Ketteler M, Schurgers LJ (2008) The circulating inactive form of matrix Gla Protein (ucMGP) as a biomarker for cardiovascular calcification. J Vasc Res 45(5):427–436

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Csiszar K (2001) Lysyl oxidases: a novel multifunctional amine oxidase family. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol 70:1–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dalmeijer GW, van der Schouw YT, Vermeer C, Magdeleyns EJ, Schurgers LJ, Beulens JW (2013) Circulating matrix Gla protein is associated with coronary artery calcification and vitamin K status in healthy women. J Nutr Biochem (epub ahead of print) 24(4):624–628

    Google Scholar 

  • Deng YF, Chen XX, Zhou ZL, Hou JF (2010) Letrozole inhibits the osteogenesis of medullary bone in prelay pullets. Poult Sci 89(5):917–923

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dewailly E, Blanchet C, Gingras S, Lemieux S, Holub BJ (2002) Cardiovascular disease risk factors and n-3 fatty acid status in the adult population of James Bay Cree. Am J Clin Nutr 76(1):85–92

    Google Scholar 

  • Dhonukshe-Rutten RA, Pluijm SM, de Groot LC, Lips P, Smit JH, van Staveren WA (2005) Homocysteine and vitamin B12 status relate to bone turnover markers, broadband ultrasound attenuation, and fractures in healthy elderly people. Bone Miner Res 20(6):921–929

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feng Y, Sun Y, Jia W, Zhang C (2010) Platelet-rich plasma and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 synergistically stimulate osteogenic differentiation of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Biotechnol Lett 32(5):635–642

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fimmel S, Zouboulis CC (2005) Influence of physiological androgen levels on wound healing and immune status in men. Aging Male 8(3–4):166–174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Florini JR, Ewton DZ, Coolican SA (1996) Growth hormone and the insulin-like growth factor system in myogenesis. Endocr Rev 17(5):481–517

    Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Villalba P, Jimenez-Lara AM, Aranda A (1996) Vitamin D interferes with transactivation of the growth hormone gene by thyroid hormone and retinoic acid. Mol Cell Biol 16(1):318

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilliver SC, Wu F, Ashcroft GS (2003) Regulatory roles of androgens in cutaneous wound healing. Thromb Haemost 90(6):978–985

    Google Scholar 

  • Goglia F, Silvestri E, Lanni A (2002) Mini review: thyroid hormones and mitochondria. Biosci Rep 22(1):17–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gura V, Creter D, Levi J (1982) Elevated thrombocyte calcium content in uremia and its correction by 1 alpha(OH) vitamin D treatment. Nephron 30(3):237–239

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • He K, Rimm EB, Merchant A, Rosner BA, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Ascherio A (2002) Fish consumption and risk of stroke in men. JAMA 288(24):3130–3136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herrmann M, Widmann T, Herrmann W (2005) Homocysteine–a newly recognised risk factor for osteoporosis. Clin Chem Lab Med 43(10):1111–1117

    Google Scholar 

  • Holick MF (2004) Vitamin D: importance in the prevention of cancers, type 1 diabetes, heart disease, and osteoporosis. Am J Clin Nutr 79(3):362–371

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu FB, Bronner L, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Rexrode KM, Albert CM, Hunter D, Manson JE (2002) Fish and omega-3 fatty acid intake and risk of coronary heart disease in women. JAMA 287(14):1815–1821

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hubmacher D, Cirulis JT, Miao M, Keeley FW, Reinhardt DP (2010) Functional consequences of homocysteinylation of the elastic fiber proteins fibrillin-1 and tropoelastin. J Biol Chem 285(2):1188–1198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hubmacher D, Sabatier L, Annis DS, Mosher DF, Reinhardt DP (2011) Homocysteine modifies structural and functional properties of fibronectin and interferes with the fibronectin-fibrillin-1 interaction. Biochemistry 50(23):5322–5332

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ito A, Shirakawa H, Takumi N, Minegishi Y, Ohashi A, Howlader ZH, Ohsaki Y, Sato T, Goto T, Komai M (2011) Menaquinone-4 enhances testosterone production in rats and testis-derived tumor cells. Lipids Health Dis 10:158–167

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kassem M (1997) Cellular and molecular effects of growth hormone and estrogen on human bone cells. APMIS Suppl 71:1–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Koziol-White CJ, Goncharova EA, Cao G, Johnson M, Krymskaya VP (1822) Panettieri RA Jr (2012) DHEA-S inhibits human neutrophil and human airway smooth muscle migration. Biochim Biophys Acta 10:1638–1642

    Google Scholar 

  • Krüger JP, Hondke S, Endres M, Pruss A, Siclari A, Kaps C (2012) Human platelet-rich plasma stimulates migration and chondrogenic differentiation of human subchondral progenitor cells. J Orthop Res 30(6):845–852

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Langdahl BL, Kassem M, Møller MK, Eriksen EF (1998) The effects of IGF-I and IGF-II on proliferation and differentiation of human osteoblasts and interactions with growth hormone. Eur J Clin Invest 28(3):176–183

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mantuano E, Santi S, Filippi C, Manca-Rizza G, Paoletti S, Consani C, Giovannini L, Tramonti G, Carpi A, Panichi V (2007) Simvastatin and fluvastatin reduce interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated production by isolated human monocytes from chronic kidney disease patients. Biomed Pharmacother 61(6):360–365

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marie PJ, Hott M, Durand D (1988) Somatostatin infusion inhibits the stimulatory effect of testosterone on endosteal bone formation in the mouse. Metabolism 37(5):429–435

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mills SJ, Ashworth JJ, Gilliver SC, Hardman MJ, Ashcroft GS (2005) The sex steroid precursor DHEA accelerates cutaneous wound healing via the estrogen receptors. J Invest Dermatol 125(5):1053–1062

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moar G, Segev Y, Phillip M (1999) Testosterone stimulates growth factor 1 and insulin like growth factor 1 receptor gene: expression in the mandibular condyle—a model of endochondral ossification. Endocrinology 140(4):1901–1910

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moverare S, Venken K, Eriksson AL, Andersson N, Skrtic S et al (2003) Differential effects on bone of estrogen receptor alpha and androgen receptor activation in orchidectomized adult male mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:13573–13578

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murthy S, Marcelli M, Weigel NL (2003) Stable expression of full length human androgen receptor in PC-3 prostate cancer cells enhances sensitivity to retinoic acid but not to 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Prostate 56(4):293–304

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murthy S, Agoulnik IU, Weigel NL (2005) Androgen receptor signaling and vitamin D receptor action in prostate cancer cells. Prostate 64(4):362–372

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ogino Y, Ayukawa Y, Kukita T, Atsuta I, Koyano K (2009) Platelet-rich plasma suppresses osteoclastogenesis by promoting the secretion of osteoprotegerin. J Periodontal Res 44(2):217–224

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ozkaynak E, Schnegelsberg PN, Jin DF, Clifford GM, Warren FD, Drier EA, Oppermann H (1992) Osteogenic protein-2. A new member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily expressed early in embryogenesis. J Biol Chem 267(35):25220–25227

    Google Scholar 

  • Peerbooms JC, Colaris JW, Hakkert AA, Van Appeldorn M, Bruijn DJ, Den Oudsten BL, Gosens T (2012) No positive bone healing after using platelet rich plasma in a skeletal defect. An observational prospective cohort study. Int Orthop 36(10):2113–2119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Polek TC, Weigel NL (2002) Vitamin D and prostate cancer review. J Androl 23(1):9–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Pöllänen E, Ronkainen PH, Horttanainen M, Takala T, Puolakka J, Suominen H, Sipilä S, Kovanen V (2010) Effects of combined hormone replacement therapy or its effective agents on the IGF-1 pathway in skeletal muscle. Growth Horm IGF Res 20(5):372–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rhoden EL, Morgentaler A (2004) Risks of testosterone-replacement therapy and recommendations for monitoring. N Engl J Med 350:482–492

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez JA, Orbe J, Martinez de Lizarrondo S, Calvayrac O, Rodriguez C, Martinez-Gonzalez J, Paramo JÁ (2008) Metalloproteinases and atherothrombosis: MMP-10 mediates vascular remodeling promoted by inflammatory stimuli. Front Biosci 13:2916–2921

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sabatier L, Chen D, Fagotto-Kaufmann C, Hubmacher D, McKee MD, Annis DS, Mosher DF, Reinhardt DP (2009) Fibrillin assembly requires fibronectin. Mol Biol Cell 20(3):846–858

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schurgers LJ, Teunissen KJ, Hamulyák K, Knapen MH, Vik H, Vermeer C (2007) Vitamin K-containing dietary supplements: comparison of synthetic vitamin K1 and natto-derived menaquinone-7. Blood 109(8):3279–3283

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sculthorpe N, Solomon AM, Sinanan AC, Bouloux PM, Grace F, Lewis MP (2012) Androgens affect myogenesis in vitro and increase local IGF-1 expression. Med Sci Sports Exerc 44(4):610–615

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seifert-Klauss V, Schmidmayr M, Hobmaier E, Wimmer T (2012) Progesterone and bone: a closer link than previously realized. Climacteric Suppl 1:26–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sepulveda VA, Weigel NL, Falzon M (2006) Prostate cancer cell type-specific involvement of the VDR and RXR in regulation of the human PTHrP gene via a negative VDRE. Steroids 71(2):102–115

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shirakawa H, Ohsaki Y, Minegishi Y, Takumi N, Ohinata K, Furukawa Y, Mizutani T, Komai M (2006) Vitamin K deficiency reduces testosterone production in the testis through down-regulation of the Cyp11a a cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme in rats. Biochim Biophys Acta 1760(10):1482–1488

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silaghi CN, Fodor D, Cristea V, Crăciun AM (2011) Synovial and serum levels of uncarboxylated matrix Gla-protein (ucMGP) in patients with arthritis. Clin Chem Lab Med 50(1):125–128

    Google Scholar 

  • Silvagno F, De Vivo E, Attanasio A, Gallo V, Mazzucco G, Pescarmona G (2010) Mitochondrial localization of vitamin D receptor in human platelets and differentiated Megakaryocytes. PLoS ONE 5(1):e8670:1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinnesael M, Boonen S, Claessens F, Gielen E, Vanderschueren D (2011) Testosterone and the male skeleton: a dual mode of action. J Osteoporos 2011:240328-1-7

    Google Scholar 

  • Skottner A, Arrhenius-Nyberg V, Kanje M, Fryklund L (1990) Anabolic and tissue repair functions of recombinant insulin-like growth factor I. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl 367:63–66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spencer L, Mann C, Metcalfe M, Webb M, Pollard C, Spencer D, Berry D, Steward W, Dennison A (2009) The effect of omega-3 FAs on tumour angiogenesis and their therapeutic potential. Eur J Cancer 45(12):2077–2086

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart LV, Lyles B, Lin MF, Weigel NL (2005) Vitamin D receptor agonists induce prostatic acid phosphatase to reduce cell growth and HER-2 signaling in LNCaP-derived human prostate cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 97(1–2):37–46

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Svensson J, Movérare-Skrtic S, Windahl S, Swanson C, Sjögren K (2010) Stimulation of both estrogen and androgen receptors maintains skeletal muscle mass in gonadectomized male mice but mainly via different pathways. J Mol Endocrinol 45(1):45–57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taichman RS (2004) Blood and bone: two tissues whose fates are intertwined to create thehematopoietic stem-cell niche hematopoietic stem-cell niche. Blood 2005(105):2631–2639

    Google Scholar 

  • Tramontana J, Benghuzzi H, Tucci M, Tsao A, Hughes J (2001) Morphometric analysis of cortical bone upon the exposure to sustained delivery of anabolic promoting agents using adult male rats as a model. Biomed Sci Instrum 37:293–298

    Google Scholar 

  • Tull SP, Yates CM, Maskrey BH, O’Donnell VB, Madden J, Grimble RF, Calder PC, Nash GB, Rainger GE (2009) Omega-3 Fatty acids and inflammation: novel interactions reveal a new step in neutrophil recruitment. PLoS Biol 7(8):e1000177-1-11

    Google Scholar 

  • Ueland T, Lekva T, Otterdal K, Dahl TB, Olarescu NC, Jørgensen AP, Fougner KJ, Brixen K, Aukrust P, Bollerslev J (2011) Increased serum and bone matrix levels of transforming growth factor {beta}1 in patients with GH deficiency in response to GH treatment. Eur J Endocrinol 165(3):393–400

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Veldhuis JD, Bowers CY (2003) Sex-steroid modulation of growth hormone (GH) secretory control: three-peptide ensemble regulation under dual feedback restraint by GH and IGF-I. Endocrine 22(1):25–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang L, Wang YD, Wang WJ, Zhu Y, Li DJ (2007) Dehydroepiandrosterone improves murine osteoblast growth and bone tissue morphometry via mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway independent of either androgen receptor or estrogen receptor. J Mol Endocrinol 38(4):467–479

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang L, Wang YD, Wang WJ, Li DJ (2009) Differential regulation of dehydroepiandrosterone and estrogen on bone and uterus in ovariectomized mice. Osteoporos Int 20(1):79–92

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams MR, Ling S, Dawood T, Hashimura K, Dai A, Li H, Liu JP, Liu JP, Funder JW, Sudhir K, Komesaroff PA (2002) Dehydroepiandrosterone inhibits human vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation independent of ARs and ERs. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87(1):176–181

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xing W, Govoni KE, Donahue LR, Kesavan C, Wergedal J, Long C, Bassett JH, Gogakos A, Wojcicka A, Williams GR, Mohan S (2012) Genetic evidence that thyroid hormone is indispensable for prepubertal insulin-like growth factor-I expression and bone acquisition in mice. J Bone Miner Res 27(5):1067–1079

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yasui T, Miyatani Y, Tomita J, Yamada M, Uemura H, Miura M, Irahara M (2006) Effect of vitamin K2 treatment on carboxylation of osteocalcin in early postmenopausal women. Gynecol Endocrinol 22(8):455–459

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou S, Zilberman Y, Wassermann K, Bain SD, Sadovsky Y, Gazit D (2001) Estrogen modulates estrogen receptor alpha and beta expression, osteogenic activity, and apoptosis in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of osteoporotic mice. J Cell Biochem Suppl 36:144–155

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lewis K. Clarke .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Clarke, L.K. (2014). Preparing the Soil: Practical Cellular Biochemistry for Regenerative Medicine. In: Lana, J., Andrade Santana, M., Dias Belangero, W., Malheiros Luzo, A. (eds) Platelet-Rich Plasma. Lecture Notes in Bioengineering. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40117-6_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40117-6_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-40116-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-40117-6

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics