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Noise and Vibrations

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Centrifugal Pumps

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Abstract

As explained in Chap. 5, the flow at the impeller outlet is non-uniform. The diffuser vanes or volute cutwaters are thus approached by an unsteady flow. The flow in the stator acts back on the velocity field in the impeller. The related phenomena are called “rotor/stator interaction” (RSI). As a consequence of the RSI, hydraulic excitation forces are generated. These give rise to pressure pulsations, mechanical vibrations and alternating stresses in various pump components. The vibrations transmitted to the foundations spread as solid-borne noise throughout the building. The pressure pulsations excite the pump casing to vibrations. They travel as fluid-borne noise through the piping system, where they generate vibrations of the pipe walls. The vibrating walls and structures radiate air-borne noise.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Examples for the influence of the system on pressure pulsations can be found in [B.20]. The topic is discussed in more detail also in Sect. 10.12.3.

  2. 2.

    The measurement is done according to DIN 45635, [N.19] and ISO standards.

  3. 3.

    As per [N.25] high-energy pumps are defined as pumps whose heads per stage exceeds.\(\frac{{{\text{H}}_{\text{st,opt}}}}{{{\text{H}}_{\text{Ref}}}}>275{{\left(\frac{{{\text{n}}_{\text{q,Ref}}}}{{{\text{n}}_{\text{q}}}}\right)}^{1.85}}\left( \frac{{{\text{ }\!\!\rho\!\!\text{}}_{\text{Ref}}}}{\text{ }\!\!\rho\!\!\text{ }} \right)\) with nq, Ref=25, HRef=1 m and ρRef=1000 kg/m3. The formula is valid for 25 < nq < 67. Below nq=25 the limit is Hst, opt=275 m; no limits are defined for the range above nq=67. The topic is discussed in more detail in Sect. 15.4 where three quality classes are defined.

  4. 4.

    The definition of the total head ψtot is analogous to Eq. (8.9).

  5. 5.

    The dimensionless time is defined by t*=t × fn.

  6. 6.

    An example for this type of damping is given in [86]: The investigated system of a burner and fan was susceptible to self-excited vibrations below a specific flow rate. When testing fans with differently steep characteristics, the stable operation range increased with the steepness of the Q-H-curve.

  7. 7.

    From the wealth of literature on flow-induced vibrations, [9] and [65] are quoted.

  8. 8.

    This section is largely based on information given in [89].

  9. 9.

    The possible interaction between acoustic waves and unsteady flow in a pump could be verified experimentally by generating pressure pulsations in a system by means of a device (e.g. piston or spark) and measuring their impact on the flow patterns in the diffuser and impeller (e.g. by laser velocimetry).

  10. 10.

    If the excitation mechanism were caused by unbalanced mass forces, the mechanical vibration would be out of phase with the excitation.

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  1. Villeneuve, Switzerland

    Dr. Ing. Johann Friedrich Gülich

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Gülich, J. (2014). Noise and Vibrations. In: Centrifugal Pumps. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40114-5_10

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