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Kidney and Urinary Tract Diseases in the Newborn pp 77–98Cite as

Fluid and Electrolyte Physiology in the Fetus and Neonate

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Abstract

Body fluid distribution and composition in the fetus and neonate differ from what is found in older children and adults. In fact, during intrauterine and perinatal life and persisting into the early postnatal period, high water content characterizes body composition, with significant and dynamic changes then occurring in its distribution as the child ages and grows. Maintaining the appropriate body fluid balance at different developmental stages is critical for cell growth and differentiation and for organ formation and function. Accordingly, a host of unique regulatory mechanisms determine the distribution and composition of body fluids in the fetus and newborn and contribute to ongoing volume and biochemical homeostasis in early childhood. In the following chapter, the main aspects of fluid and electrolyte physiology in the fetus and neonate are reviewed, with particular emphasis on mechanisms regulating water, sodium, potassium, and the divalent ions.

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  1. Division of Nephrology, Harvard Medical School, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

    Isa F. Ashoor, Nilka de Jesús-González & Michael J. G. Somers MD

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  1. Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Kentucky Children’s Hospital, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA

    Aftab S. Chishti

  2. Urogenital Center, Division of Pediatric Urology, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

    Shumyle Alam

  3. Division of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky Children's Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky, USA

    Stefan G. Kiessling

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Ashoor, I.F., de Jesús-González, N., Somers, M.J.G. (2014). Fluid and Electrolyte Physiology in the Fetus and Neonate. In: Chishti, A., Alam, S., Kiessling, S. (eds) Kidney and Urinary Tract Diseases in the Newborn. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39988-6_3

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