Abstract
This chapter introduces the concept of a space-time and outlines the General Theory of Relativity and some of its extensions.
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- 1.
- 2.
See Appendix A.
- 3.
- 4.
The current value is around 10−29 g cm−3.
- 5.
A field is a physical system with infinite degrees of freedom.
- 6.
The Planck mass is \(M_{\mathrm {P}}=\sqrt{\hbar c/G}=2.17644(11)\times10^{-5}\ \mbox{g}\). The Planck mass is the mass of the Planck particle, a hypothetical minuscule particle whose effective radius equals the Planck length \(l_{\mathrm{P}}=\sqrt {\hbar G/c^{3}}=1.616252(81) \times10^{-33}\ \mathrm{cm}\).
- 7.
Notice that \(G=M^{-2}_{\mathrm{P}}\hbar c\) or \(G=M^{-2}_{\mathrm{P}}\) in units of ħc=1.
- 8.
An anti-de Sitter space-time has a metric that is a maximally symmetric vacuum solution of Einstein’s field equations with an attractive cosmological constant (corresponding to a negative vacuum energy density and positive pressure). This space-time has a constant negative scalar curvature.
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Romero, G.E., Vila, G.S. (2014). Space-Time and Gravitation. In: Introduction to Black Hole Astrophysics. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 876. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39596-3_1
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