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Translation in Chloroplasts of Flowering Plants

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Translation in Mitochondria and Other Organelles

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Abstract

The chloroplast genome in flowering plants contains about 80 protein-coding genes. The chloroplast translational machinery, which is similar to that of Escherichia coli, reads the corresponding mRNAs. Translation initiation is critical to produce a correct protein. There are multiple possible initiation codons, either AUG or GUG, around an initiation region. Generally, cis-elements residing in a 5′-untranslated region and trans-acting factors are responsible for selection of genuine initiation codons. Unlike eubacterial mRNAs, a limited number of chloroplast mRNAs use Shine-Dalgarno-like sequences as their cis-elements, and many chloroplast mRNAs require specific trans-acting factors. As the chloroplast genome is compact, some genes (cistrons) partially overlap; namely, the start codon of a downstream cistron is located in front of the stop codon of its upstream cistron. In such a case, the downstream cistron is translated in a special manner called “translational coupling” and by an additional mechanism to produce the necessary amount of its product.

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  1. Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan

    Masahiro Sugiura

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  1. Institut de Biologie Moleculaire des Plantes, Strasbourg CX, France

    Anne-Marie Duchêne

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Sugiura, M. (2013). Translation in Chloroplasts of Flowering Plants. In: Duchêne, AM. (eds) Translation in Mitochondria and Other Organelles. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39426-3_9

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