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Translation in Mitochondria and Other Organelles pp 225–262Cite as

The Chloroplasts as Platform for Recombinant Proteins Production

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Abstract

Chloroplasts are a useful platform for the expression of recombinant proteins in higher plants. Transgenes can be introduced into the plastid genome (plastome) either by PEG transformation of plant protoplasts, or, more commonly, by the biolistic method, using leaves or suspension cells. Transgenes are integrated by double recombination events between flanking sequences in the vector and homologous sequences in the plastome. The genetic engineering of the plastome allows high-level foreign protein expression, site-specific gene integration, expression of multiple genes as operons, marker gene excision, and transgene containment. Since the first example of stable plastid transformation in higher plants, methods for DNA introduction, marker genes and selection strategies, vector types, and methods for marker excision have been improved. Although the plastids of some species remain difficult to transform, positive results have been shown for about 20 species. In this chapter, we summarize the basic structural and expression features of the plastid genome of higher plants, and discuss the development of a number of innovative enabling technologies for plastome transformation, the most recent and significant biotechnological applications, and the future perspectives of this technology.

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Abbreviations

aadA :

aminoglycoside 3-adenylyltransferase

bar :

phosphinothricin acetyl transferase gene

ELISA:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

NEP:

Nucleus-encoded RNA polymerase

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PEP:

Plastid-encoded RNA polymerase

PPR:

Pentatricopeptide repeat

PTMs:

Post-translation modifications

RPOTmp:

Nucleus-encoded RNA polymerase localized in mitochondria and plastids

RPOTp:

Nucleus-encoded RNA polymerase localized in plastids

UTRs:

Untranslated regions

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

TSP:

Total soluble protein

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  1. CNR-IGV, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Plant Genetics, Res. Div. Portici, via Università 133, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy

    Nunzia Scotti & Teodoro Cardi

  2. CNR-IGV, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Plant Genetics, Res. Div. Perugia, Via Madonna Alta 130, 06128, Perugia, PG, Italy

    Michele Bellucci

  3. Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura Centro di Ricerca per l’Orticoltura, (CRA-ORT), via Cavalleggeri 25, 84098, Pontecagnano, SA, Italy

    Teodoro Cardi

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  1. Nunzia Scotti
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  2. Michele Bellucci
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  3. Teodoro Cardi
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Correspondence to Teodoro Cardi .

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  1. Institut de Biologie Moleculaire des Plantes, Strasbourg CX, France

    Anne-Marie Duchêne

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Scotti, N., Bellucci, M., Cardi, T. (2013). The Chloroplasts as Platform for Recombinant Proteins Production. In: Duchêne, AM. (eds) Translation in Mitochondria and Other Organelles. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39426-3_10

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