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Genomics of Soil- and Plant-Associated Fungi pp 127–156Cite as

Trichoderma: Genomic Aspects of Mycoparasitism and Biomass Degradation

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Part of the book series: Soil Biology ((SOILBIOL,volume 36))

Abstract

Species of Trichoderma (teleomorph Hypocrea, Hypocreales, Ascomycota, Dykaria) are among the most frequent mitosporic fungi commonly detected in cultivation-based surveys. They have been isolated from an innumerable diversity of natural and artificial substrata which demonstrates their high opportunistic potential and adaptability to various ecological conditions. Among hundreds of fungal genera, Trichoderma is one of those with the broadest impact on mankind: some Trichoderma species are applied in contemporary biotechnology due to their ability to produce enzymes for conversion of plant biomass into soluble sugars that can be used for biofuel production and other biorefinery processes. Others possess a profound ability to parasitize or even prey on other fungi, which is widely used to combat phytopathogenic fungi, and invertebrates. Still other species are facultative pathogens on mammals. The genomes of three Trichoderma spp. (T. reesei, T. atroviride, and T. virens) have so far been sequenced and analyzed. In this review, we will highlight the biological insights that were made possible from their genomic and transcriptomic analyses.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    In this review we accommodate the changes proposed at the International Botanical Congress in July 2011 for the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature and the ongoing discussion on the future single taxon name for Hypocrea/Trichoderma that may be followed at the website of the IUMS International Subcommission on Trichoderma taxonomy at http://www.isth.info/content.php?page_id=102. Therefore we use the single generic name Trichoderma not only for asexual species but also for holomorphs when the sexual stage is described. However at first mention of holomorphic species both teleomorph (Hypocrea) and anamorph (Trichoderma) names are given. When the whole genus of Trichoderma and Hypocrea spp. is considered, the term Trichoderma is applied.

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Acknowledgements

Genome sequencing and analysis were supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-05CH11231. The authors own work on this topic was supported by grants from the Austrian Science Fund P-17895 to I.S.D.

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  1. Research Area Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria

    Christian P. Kubicek & Irina S. Druzhinina

  2. Austrian Center of Industrial Biotechnology ACIB GmBH c/o Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Gumpendorferstrasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria

    Christian P. Kubicek & Irina S. Druzhinina

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  1. Christian P. Kubicek
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Correspondence to Christian P. Kubicek .

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  1. Dep. of Biology, Technion – Israel Inst. of Technology, Haifa, Israel

    Benjamin A. Horwitz

  2. Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, India

    Prasun K. Mukherjee

  3. Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, India

    Mala Mukherjee

  4. Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria

    Christian P. Kubicek

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Kubicek, C.P., Druzhinina, I.S. (2013). Trichoderma: Genomic Aspects of Mycoparasitism and Biomass Degradation. In: Horwitz, B., Mukherjee, P., Mukherjee, M., Kubicek, C. (eds) Genomics of Soil- and Plant-Associated Fungi. Soil Biology, vol 36. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39339-6_6

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