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Carbon Metabolism and Costs of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Associations to Host Roots

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Symbiotic Endophytes

Part of the book series: Soil Biology ((SOILBIOL,volume 37))

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form beneficial associations with host root systems, during which the soil nutrient acquisition by the fungal symbiont induces an alteration in AM root carbon metabolism and belowground carbon costs of the host plant. The reciprocal exchange of host-derived carbohydrates for the symbiont-acquired nutrients may be controlled by both partners in the symbiosis. The carbohydrates not only serve as the fuel for fungal growth and maintenance but also provide energy for nutrient uptake and assimilation of inorganic minerals such as nitrogen and phosphorus. The belowground carbon cost may be further influenced by biotic and abiotic factors that affect the basic carbon metabolism of the AM roots. In natural and agricultural soils, major factors affecting carbon economy include the concentration and source of nitrogen or phosphorus nutrition, the developmental stages of the host, and the presence of additional symbionts, such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria in legume nodules. Since each of these factors may complicate the measurement of the carbon economy, several methods are proposed to evaluate the carbon costs of nutrient uptake and assimilation by AM roots.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Botany and Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Stellenbosch, X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa

    Alex J. Valentine & Aleysia Kleinert

  2. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), China and East Asia Node, c/o: Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming, 650204, China

    Peter E. Mortimer

  3. Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA

    Yun Kang

  4. Genetics and Developmental Biology Program, Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, 2090 Agricultural Science Building, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA

    Vagner A. Benedito

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  5. Vagner A. Benedito
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Correspondence to Alex J. Valentine .

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  1. Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada, Spain

    Ricardo Aroca

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Valentine, A.J., Mortimer, P.E., Kleinert, A., Kang, Y., Benedito, V.A. (2013). Carbon Metabolism and Costs of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Associations to Host Roots. In: Aroca, R. (eds) Symbiotic Endophytes. Soil Biology, vol 37. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39317-4_12

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